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  • Geological Society of London  (8)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (4)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Amsterdam : Elsevier
  • 2015-2019  (11)
  • 2010-2014
  • 2000-2004  (1)
  • 2019  (11)
  • 2003  (1)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 2015-2019  (11)
  • 2010-2014
  • 2000-2004  (1)
Year
  • 1
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    Geoscience and decarbonization: current status and future directions (2019)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉At the 2015 United Nations International Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21), 197 national parties committed to limit global warming to well below 2°C. But current plans and pace of progress are still far from sufficient to achieve this objective. Here we review the role that geoscience and the subsurface could play in decarbonizing electricity production, industry, transport and heating to meet UK and international climate change targets, based on contributions to the 2019 Bryan Lovell meeting held at the Geological Society of London. Technologies discussed at the meeting involved decarbonization of electricity production via renewable sources of power generation, substitution of domestic heating using geothermal energy, use of carbon capture and storage (CCS), and more ambitious technologies such as bioenergy and carbon capture and storage (BECCS) that target negative emissions. It was noted also that growth in renewable energy supply will lead to increased demand for geological materials to sustain the electrification of the vehicle fleet and other low-carbon technologies. The overall conclusion reached at the 2019 Bryan Lovell meeting was that geoscience is critical to decarbonization, but that the geoscience community must influence decision-makers so that the value of the subsurface to decarbonization is understood.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 1354-0793
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-496X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 2
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    Hierarchical interlocked orthogonal faulting in the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉 A nearly 20-year hiatus in major seismic activity in southern California ended on 4 July 2019 with a sequence of intersecting earthquakes near the city of Ridgecrest, California. This sequence included a foreshock with a moment magnitude (〈i〉M〈/i〉〈sub〉w〈/sub〉) of 6.4 followed by a 〈i〉M〈/i〉〈sub〉w〈/sub〉 7.1 mainshock nearly 34 hours later. Geodetic, seismic, and seismicity data provided an integrative view of this sequence, which ruptured an unmapped multiscale network of interlaced orthogonal faults. This complex fault geometry persists over the entire seismogenic depth range. The rupture of the mainshock terminated only a few kilometers from the major regional Garlock fault, triggering shallow creep and a substantial earthquake swarm. The repeated occurrence of multifault ruptures, as revealed by modern instrumentation and analysis techniques, poses a formidable challenge in quantifying regional seismic hazards.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Geoscience and decarbonisation: current status and future directions (2019)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉At the 2015 United Nations international climate change conference in Paris (COP21), 197 national parties committed to limit global warming to well below 2°C. But current plans and pace of progress are still far from sufficient to achieve this objective. Here we review the role that geoscience and the subsurface could play in decarbonising electricity production, industry, transport, and heating, to meet UK and international climate change targets, based on contributions to the 2019 Bryan Lovell meeting held at the Geological Society of London. Technologies discussed at the meeting involved decarbonisation of electricity production via renewable sources of power generation, substitution of domestic heating using geothermal energy, use of carbon capture and storage (CCS), and more ambitious technologies such as bioenergy and carbon capture and storage (BECCS) that target negative emissions. It was noted also that growth in renewable energy supply will lead to increased demand for geological materials to sustain the electrification of the vehicle fleet and other low-carbon technologies. The overall conclusion reached at the 2019 Bryan Lovell meeting was that geoscience is critical to decarbonisation, but that the geoscience community must influence decision makers so that the value of the subsurface to decarbonisation is understood.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 1354-0793
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-496X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 4
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    A new case of kleptoplasty in animals: Marine flatworms steal functional plastids from diatoms (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉To date, sea slugs have been considered the only animals known to sequester functional algal plastids into their own cells, via a process called "kleptoplasty." We report here, however, that endosymbionts in the marine flatworms 〈i〉Baicalellia solaris〈/i〉 and 〈i〉Pogaina paranygulgus〈/i〉 are isolated plastids stolen from diatoms. Ultrastructural data show that kleptoplasts are located within flatworm cells, while algal nuclei and other organelles are absent. Transcriptomic analysis and 〈i〉rbcL〈/i〉 amplicons confirm the absence of algal nuclear mRNA and reveal that the plastids originate from different species of diatoms. Laboratory experiments demonstrated photosynthetic activity and short-term retention of kleptoplasts in starved worms. This lineage of flatworms represents the first known case of functional kleptoplasty involving diatoms and only the second known case of kleptoplasty across the entire tree of animals.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Stratospheric memory and skill of extended-range weather forecasts (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-02
    Description: We use an empirical statistical model to demonstrate significant skill in making extended-range forecasts of the monthly-mean Arctic Oscillation (AO). Forecast skill derives from persistent circulation anomalies in the lowermost stratosphere and is greatest during boreal winter. A comparison to the Southern Hemisphere provides evidence that both the time scale and predictability of the AO depend on the presence of persistent circulation anomalies just above the tropopause. These circulation anomalies most likely affect the troposphere through changes to waves in the upper troposphere, which induce surface pressure changes that correspond to the AO.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldwin, Mark P -- Stephenson, David B -- Thompson, David W J -- Dunkerton, Timothy J -- Charlton, Andrew J -- O'Neill, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 1;301(5633):636-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwest Research Associates, 14508 NE 20th Street, Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12893941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Spatiotemporal immune zonation of the human kidney (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Tissue-resident immune cells are important for organ homeostasis and defense. The epithelium may contribute to these functions directly or by cross-talk with immune cells. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to resolve the spatiotemporal immune topology of the human kidney. We reveal anatomically defined expression patterns of immune genes within the epithelial compartment, with antimicrobial peptide transcripts evident in pelvic epithelium in the mature, but not fetal, kidney. A network of tissue-resident myeloid and lymphoid immune cells was evident in both fetal and mature kidney, with postnatal acquisition of transcriptional programs that promote infection-defense capabilities. Epithelial-immune cross-talk orchestrated localization of antibacterial macrophages and neutrophils to the regions of the kidney most susceptible to infection. Overall, our study provides a global overview of how the immune landscape of the human kidney is zonated to counter the dominant immunological challenge.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    The source of topography across the Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada: differential exhumation of a North Atlantic rift flank (2019)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉Elevated topography is evident across the continental margins of the Atlantic. The Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, formed as the result of rifting along the Labrador-Baffin margins in the late Mesozoic and is dominated by low relief high elevation topography. Apatite fission track (AFT) analysis of the landscape previously concluded that the area has experienced a differential protracted cooling regime since the Devonian; however, defined periods of cooling and the direct causes of exhumation were unresolved. This work combines the original AFT data with 98 apatite new (U-Th)/He ages from 16 samples and applies the newly developed ‘broken crystals’ technique to provide a greater number of thermal constraints for thermal history modelling to better constrain the topographic evolution. The spatial distribution of AFT and AHe ages implies exhumation has been significant toward the SE (Labrador) coastline, while results of thermal modelling outline three notable periods of cooling in the pre-rift (460 Ma – 200 Ma), from syn-rift to present (120 Ma – 0 Ma) and within post-rift (30 Ma – 0 Ma) stages. Pre-rift cooling is interpreted as the result of exhumation of Laurentia, syn-rift cooling as the result of rift flank uplift to the SE and differential erosion of landscape, while the final post-rift period is likely an artefact of the modelling process. These results suggest the source of the Cumberland Peninsula's modern-day elevated topography is uplift during rifting in the Cretaceous and the isostatic compensation following continuous Mesozoic and Cenozoic differential erosion. This work highlights the how interaction of rift tectonics and isostasy can be the principal source for modern elevated continental margins, while also providing insight into the pre-rift exhumational history of central Laurentia.〈strong〉Supplementary material:〈/strong〉〈a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4528409"〉https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4528409〈/a〉〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0370-291X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 8
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    The source of topography across the Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada: differential exhumation of a North Atlantic rift flank (2019)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉Elevated topography is evident across the continental margins of the Atlantic. The Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, formed as the result of rifting along the Labrador–Baffin margins in the late Mesozoic and is dominated by low-relief high-elevation topography. Apatite fission-track (AFT) analysis of the landscape previously concluded that the area has experienced a differential protracted cooling regime since the Devonian; however, defined periods of cooling and the direct causes of exhumation were unresolved. This work combines the original AFT data with 98 apatite new (U–Th)/He (AHe) ages from 16 samples and applies the newly developed ‘broken crystals’ technique to provide a greater number of thermal constraints for thermal history modelling to better constrain the topographic evolution. The spatial distribution of AFT and AHe ages implies that exhumation has been significant toward the SE (Labrador) coastline, and results of thermal modelling outline three notable periods of cooling: in the pre-rift stage (460–200 Ma), from synrift stage to present (120–0 Ma) and within the post-rift stage (30–0 Ma). Pre-rift cooling is interpreted as the result of exhumation of Laurentia and synrift cooling as the result of rift-flank uplift to the SE and differential erosion of landscape, whereas the final post-rift period is probably an artefact of the modelling process. These results suggest that the source of the Cumberland Peninsula's modern-day elevated topography is uplift during rifting in the Cretaceous and the isostatic compensation following continuous Mesozoic and Cenozoic differential erosion. This work highlights how interaction of rift tectonics and isostasy can be the principal source for modern elevated continental margins, and also provides insight into the pre-rift exhumational history of central Laurentia.〈strong〉Supplementary material:〈/strong〉 Thermal histories are available at: 〈a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4528409"〉https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4528409〈/a〉〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0370-291X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 9
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    Geoscience and decarbonization: current status and future directions (2019)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉At the 2015 United Nations International Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21), 197 national parties committed to limit global warming to well below 2°C. But current plans and pace of progress are still far from sufficient to achieve this objective. Here we review the role that geoscience and the subsurface could play in decarbonizing electricity production, industry, transport and heating to meet UK and international climate change targets, based on contributions to the 2019 Bryan Lovell meeting held at the Geological Society of London. Technologies discussed at the meeting involved decarbonization of electricity production via renewable sources of power generation, substitution of domestic heating using geothermal energy, use of carbon capture and storage (CCS), and more ambitious technologies such as bioenergy and carbon capture and storage (BECCS) that target negative emissions. It was noted also that growth in renewable energy supply will lead to increased demand for geological materials to sustain the electrification of the vehicle fleet and other low-carbon technologies. The overall conclusion reached at the 2019 Bryan Lovell meeting was that geoscience is critical to decarbonization, but that the geoscience community must influence decision-makers so that the value of the subsurface to decarbonization is understood.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 1354-0793
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-496X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 10
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    The source of topography across the Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada: differential exhumation of a North Atlantic rift flank (2019)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-07
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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