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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity of small eukaryotes from the coastal waters of Nansha Islands in China (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 240 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Population structures and genetic diversity of the small eukaryotic plankton from the coastal waters of the Nansha Islands in China were investigated. Two genes libraries using 18S rDNA of the marine small eukaryotes were constituted, and 323 clones were identified within alveolates (more than 43%), acanthareas, viridiplantaes, and stramenopiles. Many novel clones were detected in the two libraries, including two groups of alveolates and two clades related to both acanthareas and polycystineas. Several sequences unrelated to any other known eukaryotes may represent early branches in the phylogenetic tree. Our results reveal that there is a high diversity and abundance of small eukaryotes in the marine regions of China.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.09.030
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome-based analysis of virulence genes in a non-biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis strain (ATCC 12228) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 49 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Staphylococcus epidermidis strains are diverse in their pathogenicity; some are invasive and cause serious nosocomial infections, whereas others are non-pathogenic commensal organisms. To analyse the implications of different virulence factors in Staphylococcus epidermidis infections, the complete genome of Staphylococcus epidermidis strain ATCC 12228, a non-biofilm forming, non-infection associated strain used for detection of residual antibiotics in food products, was sequenced. This strain showed low virulence by mouse and rat experimental infections. The genome consists of a single 2499 279 bp chromosome and six plasmids. The chromosomal G + C content is 32.1% and 2419 protein coding sequences (CDS) are predicted, among which 230 are putative novel genes. Compared to the virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus, aside from δ-haemolysin and β-haemolysin, other toxin genes were not found. In contrast, the majority of adhesin genes are intact in ATCC 12228. Most strikingly, the ica operon coding for the enzymes synthesizing interbacterial cellular polysaccharide is missing in ATCC 12228 and rearrangements of adjacent genes are shown. No mec genes, IS256, IS257, were found in ATCC 12228. It is suggested that the absence of the ica operon is a genetic marker in commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis strains which are less likely to become invasive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03671.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and Certification of Re-Os Dating Reference Materials: Molybdenites HLP and JDC (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 28 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Two Re-Os dating reference material molybdenites were prepared. Molybdenite JDC and molybdenite HLP are from a carbonate vein-type molybdenum-(lead)-uranium deposit in the Jinduicheng-Huanglongpu area of Shaanxi province, China. The samples proved to be homogeneous, based on the coefficient of variation of analytical results and an analysis of variance test. The sampling weight was 0.1 g for JDC and 0.025 g for HLP. An isotope dilution method was used for the determination of Re and Os. Sample decomposition and pre-concentration of Re and Os prior to measurement were accomplished using a variety of methods: acid digestion, alkali fusion, ion exchange and solvent extraction. Negative thermal ionisation mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry were used for the determination of Re and 187Os concentration and isotope ratios. The certified values include the contents of Re and Os and the model ages. For HLP, the Re content was 283.8 ± 6.2 μg g−1, 187Os was 659 ± 14 ng g−1 and the Re-Os model age was 221.4 ± 5.6 Ma. For JDC, the Re content was 17.39 ± 0.32 μg g−1, 187Os was 25.46 ± 0.60 ng g−1 and the Re-Os model age was 139.6 ± 3.8 Ma. Uncertainties for both certified reference materials are stated at the 95% level of confidence. Three laboratories (from three countries: PR. China, USA, Sweden) joined in the certification programme. These certified reference materials are primarily useful for Re-Os dating of molybdenite, sulfides, black shale, etc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2004.tb01042.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inhibition effects of a new heterocyclic bisquaternary ammonium salt in simulated oilfield water (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 272-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A kind of novel heterocyclic bisquaternary ammonium salt (MBQA) was successfully synthesised with metronidazole as matrix and dichloroethyl ether as the link agent. Weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to evaluate the corrosion inhibiting performance of MBQA in simulated oilfield water. Experimental data revealed that MBQA acted as an inhibitor in the acidic environment and, furthermore, the compound was a mixed-type inhibitor. It was found that inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in MBQA concentration at different temperatures. The process of inhibition was attributed to the formation of an adsorbed film on the metal surface, which protected the metal against corrosive agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410541346
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison study of Chinese domestic tourism: China vs the USA (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of contemporary hospitality management 16 (2004), S. 108-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-6119
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: After achieving great success in developing international travel business, China's tourism authorities, the local and international travel agencies and lodging companies are now diverting their attention to the untapped and big potential market of China's domestic tourism business. By using a comparison approach, this study examines the current features of China's domestic tourism. Various aspects of China's domestic tourism are analyzed and discussed in a way of comparison with the USA. The aspects are: sources of information used by tourists, tourists' transport and lodging patterns, tourists' traveling activities and spending patterns, and governments' role in domestic tourism. Discussions and conclusions are made based on a series of comparisons. Implications for both China's government and travel agencies and international companies interested in China's domestic travel business are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110410519991
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased susceptibility to photoinhibition in pre-existing needles experiencing low temperature at spring budbreak in Sakhalin spruce (Picea glehnii) seedlings (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 122 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The seasonal changes in photosynthetic properties in 1-year-old needles of Sakhalin spruce (Picea glehnii) were measured using the chlorophyll fluorescence technique at various temperatures (5, 10, 20, 25 and 30°C). In the course of seasonal change, a temporary decrease in the quantum yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSII) was observed just before budbreak. A decline in photochemical quenching (qP) was observed at the same time as that of ΦPSII but only at the two lowest temperatures (5 and 10°C). Photochemical efficiency of open PSII (Fv′/Fm′) also declined just before budbreak at 25 and 30°C. An increase in thermal energy dissipation as indicated by a decrease in Fv′/Fm′ before budbreak was not significant at lower temperatures (5 and 10°C) in spite of the declines in qP. This implies that thermal energy dissipation necessitated by the decline in ΦPSII might not be sufficiently strong to prevent a decline in qP at lower temperatures. On the other hand, at higher temperatures no decline was observed in qP because ΦPSII decreased to a relatively small extent, therefore thermal energy dissipation is sufficient in coping with the excessive energy accumulation in PSII. Seedlings of Sakhalin spruce exposed to ambient air temperature below 10°C before budbreak exhibited photoinhibition indicated by a decrease in the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) after an overnight dark adaptation. The present study suggests that 1-year-old shoots of Sakhalin spruce have an increased susceptibility to photoinhibition at low temperature just before budbreak.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00393.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The recent expansion of Pluto's atmosphere (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 424 (2003), S. 165-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Stellar occultations—the passing of a relatively nearby body in front of a background star—can be used to probe the atmosphere of the closer body with a spatial resolution of a few kilometres (ref. 1). Such observations can yield the scale height, temperature profile, and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01762
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 3D surface offset method for STL-format models (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Rapid prototyping journal 9 (2003), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2546
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a new 3D offset method for modifying CAD model data in the STL format. In this method, vertices, instead of facets, are offset. The magnitude and direction of each vertex offset is calculated using the weighted sum of the normals of the facets that are connected to each vertex. To facilitate the vertex offset calculation, topological information is generated from the collection of unordered triangular facets making up the STL file. A straightforward algorithm is used to calculate the vertex offset using the adjoining facet normals, as identified from the topological information. This newly developed technique can successfully generate inward or outward offsets for STL models. As with any offset methodology, this technique has benefits and drawbacks, which will be discussed in this paper. Finally, conclusions will be made regarding the applicability of the developed methodology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540310477436
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A finish machining strategy for rapid manufactured parts and tools (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Rapid prototyping journal 9 (2003), S. 194-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2546
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Rapid prototyping (RP) techniques are being increasingly used to manufacture injection molding and die casting core and cavity sets, known as tools, and for other tooling-related parts, such as EDM electrodes. This paper presents a STL-based finish machining technique for tools and parts made using RP techniques in order to achieve the tight tolerance and surface finish requirements necessary for tooling applications. Rotate, scale, translate and offset algorithms are used to pre-process the 3D model prior to its manufacture. A machining strategy of adaptive raster milling of the surface, plus hole drilling and sharp edge contour machining, is developed to finish the parts and tools after fabrication using RP. Finally, a benchmark part was designed and fabricated using the above-mentioned strategies and the results show the effectiveness of the developed software.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540310489578
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation of Cordyceps sinensis, a fruit-body-producing entomopathogenic species from different geographical regions in China (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 230 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cordyceps sinensis is one of the most valuable medicinal fungi in the Orient. It is naturally distributed in the eastern extension area of the Qinghai–Tibet plateau, at an altitude over 4000 m high. In order to investigate genetic variation and evolutionary relationships of C. sinensis from different geographical regions, 17 isolates of C. sinensis were collected from different provinces and the complete sequences of rDNA ITS were determined. On the basis of 5.8S rDNA and ITS region analysis, it was clearly shown that the ITS sequences within C. sinensis are highly homologous regardless of geographical origin. The distance values between the sequences in this study were lower than 0.03. This implied that C. sinensis from different geographic regions are the same species; they are not different species or a species complex. The results also showed that distance values between C. sinensis and Hirsutella sinensis are of the same order as those within C. sinensis from different geographic regions. This confirmed our previous results that C. sinensis should only have H. sinensis as its asexual stage whatever the geographic region from which the samples were collected. An rDNA ITS clone library was established to obtain further evidence for the interpretation of the fungal community structure from C. sinensis and to confirm the accuracy of the taxonomic identities produced by directly sequencing the rDNA ITS region. The discrimination between intraspecies of C. sinensis might provide additional data for the authentication of medicinal material at the species or intraspecies level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00889-9
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