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  • Elsevier  (101)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (9)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (9)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (4)
  • Copernicus
  • PANGAEA
  • 2000-2004  (124)
  • 2002  (124)
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  • 2000-2004  (124)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mesoplodon traversii (Gray, 1874) is shown to be a senior synonym of the recently described beaked whale Mesoplodon hahamondi Reyes et al., 1995 on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. The mandible and teeth of M. traversii, first reported in 1873 by Hector as Dolichodon layardii. are redescribed. The species can be distinguished by features of the calvaria; including the large jugal, broad rostrum, and small distance between premaxillary foramina. The male teeth, which are large and spade-shaped with a strong terminal denticle, are also diagnostic. M. traversii is known only from Pitt Island and White Island, New Zealand and Robinson Crusoe Island, Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mesoplodon perrini, a new species of beaked whale is described on the basis of five animals stranded on the coast of California (between 32°55′N, 117°15′W and 36°37′N, 121°55′W) from May 1975 to September 1997. Four of these animals were initially identified as Hector's beaked whales M. hectori based on cranial morphology (Mead 1981). A fifth specimen was initially identified as a neonate Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris based on external features. These specimens were first recognized as representatives of an undescribed species through phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region and cytochrome b sequence data. Although similar morphologically, the genetic data do not support a close evolutionary relationship between M. perrini and M. hectori. Instead, these data suggest a possible sister species relationship with the lesser beaked whale M. peruvianus. Sightings of two small beaked whales off California in the 1970s which were tentatively identified as M. hectori are also likely to be M. perrini. We suggest that M. hectori is confined to the Southern Hemisphere, while M. perrini is known to date only from the North Pacific.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 128-136 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of rotation on the heat and particle transport is measured in the DIII–D tokamak [Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)] for high-confinement mode (H-mode) plasmas with edge localized modes. In a novel experiment, transport is compared for nearly identical scans of the relative gyroradius in co- and counter-rotating plasmas. Since the plasma profiles are the same, the difference in the transport scaling can be attributed to changes in the sheared E×B flow caused by the shift in the toroidal plasma velocity. The ion heat and particle transport are found to be sensitive to the change in the rotation direction and magnitude whereas the electron heat transport is not. Simulations using a gyroLandau-fluid drift wave transport model show that the variation in the ion heat transport for co/counter rotation is due to changes in the E×B shear stabilization, but the electrons appear to be governed by a different transport mechanism. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sustained stabilization of the n=1 kink mode by plasma rotation at beta approaching twice the stability limit calculated without a wall has been achieved in DIII-D by a combination of error field reduction and sufficient rotation drive. Previous experiments have transiently exceeded the no-wall beta limit. However, demonstration of sustained rotational stabilization has remained elusive because the rotation has been found to decay whenever the plasma is wall stabilized. Recent theory [Boozer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5059 (2001)] predicts a resonant response to error fields in a plasma approaching marginal stability to a low-n kink mode. Enhancement of magnetic nonaxisymmetry in the plasma leads to strong damping of the toroidal rotation, precisely in the high-beta regime where it is needed for stabilization. This resonant response, or "error field amplification" is demonstrated in DIII-D experiments: applied n=1 radial fields cause enhanced plasma response and strong rotation damping at beta above the no wall limit but have little effect at lower beta. The discovery of an error field amplification has led to sustained operation above the no-wall limit through improved magnetic field symmetrization using an external coil set. The required symmetrization is determined both by optimizing the external currents with respect to the plasma rotation and by use of feedback to detect and minimize the plasma response to nonaxisymmetric fields as beta increases. Ideal stability analysis and rotation braking experiments at different beta values show that beta is maintained 50% higher than the no wall stability limit for durations greater than 1 s, and approaches beta twice the no-wall limit in several cases, with steady-state rotation levels. The results suggest that improved magnetic-field symmetry could allow plasmas to be maintained well above no-wall beta limit for as long as sufficient torque is provided. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 81-89 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The development of a nearly defect-free reticle blank is an important challenge facing extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The core element of an EUVL reticle blank is the reflective Mo/Si multilayer film, and deposition of Mo/Si on very small substrate defects can result in critical Mo/Si phase defects. In this article we present a method for repairing Mo/Si multilayer film phase defects in EUVL reticle blanks. An electron beam is used to deposit energy in the immediate vicinity of the defect, producing a small local contraction of the layer thicknesses due to silicide formation at the Mo/Si interfaces. We show in simulations that this contraction can significantly reduce the original structural deformation. We also present experimental results showing that it is possible to use an electron beam to controllably produce depressions in Mo/Si with nanometer-scale depths, and that this can be achieved without significantly impairing the reflective properties of the Mo/Si multilayer films. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 18 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We examined the effects of research handling on free-ranging endangered Hawaiian monk seals, Monachus schauinslandi, by analyzing differences in subsequent year survival, migration, and condition between handled seals and controls during 1983–1998. Each of 549 handled seals was matched to a control seal of the same age, sex, location, and year. Handling included instrumentation with tel metry devices (n= 93), blood sampling (n= 19), and tagging (n= 437). No significant differences were found between handled seals and their controls in one-year resighting rates, observed migration rates, or condition. Resighting rates of handled and control seals were high (80%-100%). Available sample sizes were sufficient to detect reasonably small (9%-20%) differences in resighting rates had they existed among instrumented or tagged seals and controls (α= 0.05, power = 0.90). Too few seals were captured for blood sampling to detect even large differences in their resighting rates. However, blood samples were drawn from most instrumented seals, and there was no indication that this larger group suffered harmful effects. Duration of restraint during flipper tagging had no effect on subsequent probability of resighting. Our analysis suggests that conservative selection procedures and careful handling techniques have no deleterious effects on Hawaiian monk seals.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 33 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Revenue Management Systems (RMS) are commonly used in the hotel industry to maximize revenues in the short term. The forecasting-allocation module is a key tactical component of a hotel RMS. Forecasting involves estimating demand for service packages across all stayover nights in a planning horizon. A service package is a unique combination of physical room, amenities, room price, and advance purchase restrictions. Allocation involves parsing the room inventory among these service packages to maximize revenues. Previous research and existing revenue management systems assume the demand for a service package to be independent of which service packages are available for sale. We develop a new forecasting-allocation approach that explicitly accounts for this dependence. We compare the performance of the new approach against a baseline approach using a realistic hotel RMS simulation. The baseline approach reflects previous research and existing industry practice. The new approach produces an average revenue increase of at least 16% across scenarios that reflect existing industry conditions.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 33 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We develop a stochastic model to explore the benefits of incorporating auctions in revenue management. To the best of our knowledge the extant literature on modeling in revenue management has not considered auctions. We consider three models, namely, a traditional fixed price (non-auction) model, a pure auction model, and a hybrid auction model and evaluate their revenue performance under a variety of conditions. The hybrid approach outperforms the other two in all 24 scenarios and yields an average revenue increase of 16.1% over the next best. A surprise finding is that there is no significant difference between the performance of the fixed price and pure auction approaches. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the relative superiority of the hybrid revenue management strategy is reasonably robust.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 18 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 117 (2002), S. 1441-1449 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have investigated the performance of the new optimized exchange functional (OPTX) developed by Handy and Cohen [Mol. Phys. 99, 403 (2001)] for predicting geometries, heats of reaction, and barrier heights for twelve organic reactions (six closed-shell and six radical). OPTX has been used in conjunction with, among others, the well-known Lee–Yang–Parr (LYP) correlational functional to form two new functionals, OLYP and O3LYP. These are similar to the well-established BLYP and B3LYP functionals, respectively, with OPTX replacing the standard Becke exchange functional, B88. Our results strongly support claims made by their developers that OLYP is superior to BLYP, and essentially renders it obsolete. The computed OLYP heats of reaction, barrier heights, and even molecular geometries (with larger basis sets), are comparable with, if not better than, the corresponding B3LYP values. The O3LYP functional is overall better than B3LYP, albeit not by much. Both OLYP and O3LYP are among the best functionals currently available; the performance of OLYP in particular is noteworthy given that this functional includes no exact exchange. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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