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  • Geological Society of London  (71)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of mycorrhizal infection, soil phosphorus availability and fruit production on the male function in two cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of mycorrhizal infection, soil P availability and fruit production on the male function of reproduction were examined in two cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tomato plants were grown in a greenhouse under three treatment combinations: non-mycorrhizal, low P (NMPO); non-mycorrhizal, high P (NMP3); and mycorrhizal, low P (MPO). In addition, all treatment combinations were grown both with and without fruit. Fruit production decreased final leaf biomass, flower production and in vitro pollen tube growth rates, often reducing the beneficial effects of increased P uptake. Thus, fruit production diverted resources from subsequent vegetative growth, flower production and pollen development. As the growing season progressed, mean pollen production per flower and in vitro germination and tube growth decreased. Mycorrhizal infection and high soil P conditions increased final leaf biomass, flower production, mean pollen production per flower (in one cultivar) and in vitro pollen tube growth rates. Thus, mycorrhizal infection and high soil P conditions increased pollen quantity and quality, thereby enhancing fitness through the male function. Similar trends in these treatments suggested that mycorrhizal effects on the male function were largely the result of improved P acquisition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00735.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to quinclorac and ALS-inhibitor herbicides in Galium spurium is conferred by two distinct genes (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 44 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Classical Mendelian experiments were conducted to determine the genetics and inheritance of quinclorac and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor resistance in a biotype of Galium spurium. Plants were screened with the formulated product of either quinclorac or the ALS-inhibitor, thifensulfuron, at the field dose of 125 or 6 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1 respectively. Segregation in the F2 generation indicated that quinclorac resistance was a single, recessive nuclear trait, based on a 1 : 3 segregation ratio [resistant : susceptible (R : S)]. Resistance to ALS inhibitors was due to a single, dominant nuclear trait, segregating in the F2 generation in a 3 : 1 ratio (R : S). The genetic models were confirmed by herbicide screens of F1 and backcrosses between the F1 and the S parent. F2 plants that survived quinclorac treatment set seed and the resulting F3 progeny were screened with either herbicide. Quinclorac-treated F3 plants segregated in a 1 : 0 ratio (R : S), hence F2 progenitors were homozygous for quinclorac resistance. In contrast, F3 progeny segregated into three ratios: 1 : 0, 3 : 1 and 0 : 1 (R : S) in response to ALS-inhibitor treatment. This segregation pattern indicates that their F2 parents were either homozygous or heterozygous for ALS-inhibitor resistance. Therefore, there were clearly two distinct resistance mechanisms encoded by two genes that were not tightly linked as demonstrated by segregation patterns of the F3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00408.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction surface of the Spo0A response regulator with the Spo0E phosphatase (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 44 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Spo0A~P is the essential response regulator and transcription factor for sporulation initiation in Bacillus subtilis. The phosphorylation level of Spo0A in the cell is determined by the sensor kinase activity of the phosphorelay, donating phosphoryl groups, and the antagonistic effects of dephosphorylation mediated by the Rap and Spo0E families of phosphatases. In this study, spo0A mutations were generated that encoded proteins less sensitive to the activity of Spo0E than the wild-type protein. The Spo0A substitutions N12K, P60S, L62P and F88L are surface exposed and localize to the same face of the molecule as the active site and in its close proximity on the β1–α1, β3–α3 and β4–α4 loops. The corresponding surface in the Spo0F response regulator was shown previously to be involved in the interaction with the RapB phosphatase, as well as the KinA histidine kinase and the Spo0B phosphotransferase. Thus, residues occupying the same position (N12:Q12, F88:Y84) and the same loops in Spo0A or Spo0F are involved in the interaction with the structurally unrelated Spo0E and RapB phosphatases, respectively, in addition to kinases and phosphotransferase. The specificity in phosphatase target recognition must be the result of side-chain variability within the response regulators and the interactions they promote. The residues involved in Spo0E interaction are identical in all Spo0A orthologues from spore-forming Bacilli encoding Spo0E phosphatases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02974.x
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  • 4
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    Geoscience and decarbonization: current status and future directions (2019)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉At the 2015 United Nations International Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21), 197 national parties committed to limit global warming to well below 2°C. But current plans and pace of progress are still far from sufficient to achieve this objective. Here we review the role that geoscience and the subsurface could play in decarbonizing electricity production, industry, transport and heating to meet UK and international climate change targets, based on contributions to the 2019 Bryan Lovell meeting held at the Geological Society of London. Technologies discussed at the meeting involved decarbonization of electricity production via renewable sources of power generation, substitution of domestic heating using geothermal energy, use of carbon capture and storage (CCS), and more ambitious technologies such as bioenergy and carbon capture and storage (BECCS) that target negative emissions. It was noted also that growth in renewable energy supply will lead to increased demand for geological materials to sustain the electrification of the vehicle fleet and other low-carbon technologies. The overall conclusion reached at the 2019 Bryan Lovell meeting was that geoscience is critical to decarbonization, but that the geoscience community must influence decision-makers so that the value of the subsurface to decarbonization is understood.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 1354-0793
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-496X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 5
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    Influence of Climate Model Variability on Projected Arctic Shipping Futures (2015)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-25
    Description: Though climate models exhibit broadly similar agreement on key long-term trends, they have significant temporal and spatial differences due to inter-model variability. Such variability should be considered when using climate models to project the future marine Arctic. Here we present multiple scenarios of 21 st -century Arctic marine access as driven by sea ice output from 10 CMIP5 models known to represent well the historical trend and climatology of Arctic sea ice. Optimal vessel transits from North America and Europe to the Bering Strait are estimated for two periods representing early-century (2011–2035) and mid-century (2036–2060) conditions under two forcing scenarios (RCP 4.5/8.5), assuming Polar Class 6 and open-water vessels with medium and no ice-breaking capability, respectively. Results illustrate that projected shipping viability of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and Northwest Passage (NWP) depends critically on model choice. The eastern Arctic will remain the most reliably accessible marine space for trans-Arctic shipping by mid-century, while outcomes for the NWP are particularly model-dependent. Omitting three models (GFDL-CM3, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, MPI-ESM-MR), our results would indicate minimal NWP potential even for routes from North America. Furthermore, the relative importance of the NSR will diminish over time as the number of viable central Arctic routes increases gradually toward mid-century. Compared to vessel class, climate forcing plays a minor role. These findings reveal the importance of model choice in devising projections for strategic planning by governments, environmental agencies, and the global maritime industry.
    Electronic ISSN: 2328-4277
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union (AGU)
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  • 6
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    On the primary and secondary petroleum generating characteristics of the Bowland Shale, northern England (2016)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-02
    Description: The Carboniferous Bowland Shale of northern England has drawn considerable attention because it has been estimated to have 1329 trillion cubic feet hydrocarbons in-place (gas and liquids) resource potential (Andrews 2013). Here we report on the oil and gas generation characteristics of three selected Bowland Shale whole-rock samples taken from cores and their respective kerogen concentrates. Compositional kinetics and phase properties of the primary and secondary fluids were calculated through the PhaseKinetics and GOR-Fit approaches and PVT modelling software. The three Bowland Shale samples contain immature, marine type II kerogen. Pyrolysate compositions imply primary generation of paraffinic–naphthenic–aromatic (PNA) oil with low contents of wax and sulphur. Bulk kinetic parameters have many similarities to those of productive American Palaeozoic marine shale plays. The secondary gas generation potential of Bowland Shale is greater than the primary gas potential although it requires a 10 kcal mol –1 higher activation energy to achieve peak production. Primary oil, primary gas and secondary gas reach their maximum generation at 137, 150 and 200°C respectively for a 3°C Ma –1 heating rate. Different driving forces of expulsion including the generation of hydrocarbon and overpressure caused by phase separation during sequential periods of subsidence and uplift could be inferred.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 7
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    Evolution of the west Greenland margin: offshore thermostratigraphic data and modelling (2012)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-01
    Description: The origin and age of topography along the west Greenland margin is a matter of continued debate. Evidence for tectonically driven Neogene uplift has been argued from interpretations of offshore seismic surveys, onshore fission-track data and inferred episodes of cooling. Here, analysis of seismic reflection profiles and 1D modelling of exploration wells along the Greenland margin of Davis Strait demonstrate that the data are consistent with a model of ancient continental topography affected by late Cretaceous–early Palaeocene rifting followed by thermal subsidence where offshore Neogene tectonic uplift is not required. This interpretation for the offshore evolution of the west Greenland margin has implications for the adjacent onshore evolution and for other continental margins developed throughout the Atlantic–Arctic rift system.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 8
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    Geoscience and decarbonisation: current status and future directions (2019)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉At the 2015 United Nations international climate change conference in Paris (COP21), 197 national parties committed to limit global warming to well below 2°C. But current plans and pace of progress are still far from sufficient to achieve this objective. Here we review the role that geoscience and the subsurface could play in decarbonising electricity production, industry, transport, and heating, to meet UK and international climate change targets, based on contributions to the 2019 Bryan Lovell meeting held at the Geological Society of London. Technologies discussed at the meeting involved decarbonisation of electricity production via renewable sources of power generation, substitution of domestic heating using geothermal energy, use of carbon capture and storage (CCS), and more ambitious technologies such as bioenergy and carbon capture and storage (BECCS) that target negative emissions. It was noted also that growth in renewable energy supply will lead to increased demand for geological materials to sustain the electrification of the vehicle fleet and other low-carbon technologies. The overall conclusion reached at the 2019 Bryan Lovell meeting was that geoscience is critical to decarbonisation, but that the geoscience community must influence decision makers so that the value of the subsurface to decarbonisation is understood.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 1354-0793
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-496X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 9
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    Geochemical evolution of Dalradian metavolcanic rocks: implications for the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent (2011)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-01
    Description: Neoproterozoic basaltic magmatism in the Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland and Ireland was associated with the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Magmas were erupted in rift-related basins along a strike length of at least 700 km and during a time period of c. 80 Ma. New major and trace element analyses of metabasalts from several formations are presented to trace the variations in magma compositions in time and space. The primary magmas resulted from variable degrees of mixing of melts derived from mantle sources similar to those of normal and enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts; some younger lavas also show evidence of contamination with continental crust. In contrast to speculations about magmatism elsewhere in Rodinia, the evidence here suggests that there was no involvement of a mantle plume in basalt generation. For example, the Scottish promontory of Laurentia drifted rapidly southwards through c. 25{degrees} over the duration of the magmatism, with no evidence of significant elevation above sea level, as might be expected from involvement of a plume. Generation of the primary magmas might have taken place predominantly through decompression melting in depleted upper mantle containing enriched streaks and blobs. Both the Dalradian lithostratigraphy and the metabasaltic compositions are consistent with extreme lithospheric stretching and possibly rupture during the earliest phase of magmatism, whereas generation of later magmatism appears to have been associated with major fault systems, possibly on a foundering continental margin. Supplementary materialChemical analyses of Dalradian metavolcanic rocks (major elements recalculated to 100%, anhydrous) are available at www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18468.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 10
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    Geochemical evolution of Dalradian metavolcanic rocks: implications for the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent (2011)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-31
    Description: : Neoproterozoic basaltic magmatism in the Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland and Ireland was associated with the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Magmas were erupted in rift-related basins along a strike length of at least 700 km and during a time period of c . 80 Ma. New major and trace element analyses of metabasalts from several formations are presented to trace the variations in magma compositions in time and space. The primary magmas resulted from variable degrees of mixing of melts derived from mantle sources similar to those of normal and enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts; some younger lavas also show evidence of contamination with continental crust. In contrast to speculations about magmatism elsewhere in Rodinia, the evidence here suggests that there was no involvement of a mantle plume in basalt generation. For example, the Scottish promontory of Laurentia drifted rapidly southwards through c . 25° over the duration of the magmatism, with no evidence of significant elevation above sea level, as might be expected from involvement of a plume. Generation of the primary magmas might have taken place predominantly through decompression melting in depleted upper mantle containing enriched streaks and blobs. Both the Dalradian lithostratigraphy and the metabasaltic compositions are consistent with extreme lithospheric stretching and possibly rupture during the earliest phase of magmatism, whereas generation of later magmatism appears to have been associated with major fault systems, possibly on a foundering continental margin. Supplementary material: Chemical analyses of Dalradian metavolcanic rocks (major elements recalculated to 100%, anhydrous) are available at www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18468 .
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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