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  • Articles  (132)
  • 2000-2004  (132)
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  • 2001  (132)
  • Physics  (131)
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  • Articles  (132)
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  • 2000-2004  (132)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiographic image analysis of cylindrical implosion experiments (invited) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Radiography is a heavily used tool for diagnosing laser-based hydrodynamic experiments. A successful experiment relies on the gathering of data over a time window where the relevant physics occurs and on an accurate analysis of those data. Comparison of this experimental data to theory is often best done by generating simulated images from hydrodynamic calculations, including all necessary and important experimental details. Care must be taken to treat both the experimental and theoretical images identically in the analysis. Frequently, image filtering and enhancement routines are used to obtain interface location and perturbation information from the radiographic image. Previous techniques were found to be too sensitive to global image details. New procedures have been developed which utilize local operators that provide better edge or interface identification without bias. These procedures are benchmarked and validated using static radiographic targets of known configuration that mock up experimental situations of interest. The experiment and the image analysis development are described, including discussion of key contributions to the uncertainty of the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1315643
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-Source Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanocrystalline ZnAl2O4: Structural and Optical Properties (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nanometer-sized zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) particles were synthesized from heterometal alkoxides, [ZnAl2(OR)8], possessing an ideal cation stoichiometry for the ZnAl2O4 spinel. ZnAl2O4 is formed at 400°C, which is the lowest temperature reported for the formation of monophasic ZnAl2O4. 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that ZnAl2O4 possesses an inverse structure at 〈900°C, while the normal spinel phase is observed at higher temperatures. The homogeneity of the in-depth composition and Zn:Al stoichiometry (1:2) was confirmed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Evaluation of the valence-band spectra of ZnAl2O4 and ZnS suggested that the hybridization of O 2p and Zn 3d orbitals is responsible for lowering the bandgap in the latter. The average crystallite size showed an exponential relationship to the calcination temperature (X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy data). The optical spectra of different spinel powders (average particle sizes, 20–250 nm) showed that the absorption edge exhibits a blue shift as particle size decreases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00938.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion oxidation mechanisms controlling the formation of barriers in magnetic tunnel junctions (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6656-6658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The oxidation mechanisms of the formation of thin insulating barriers in magnetic tunnel junctions are studied. The barriers are prepared by means of an oxidation technique using a highly dissociated low-energy (30–80 eV) ionized oxygen atom beam. The barrier formation is investigated using two independent in situ techniques, resistance and an optical reflectivity method. The oxidation depth varies from 1.5 to 1.9 nm depending on the initial ion energy in agreement with performed Monte Carlo simulations. Two different oxidation mechanisms (ion embedding and diffusion) are identified. The electrical and magnetotransport properties of the junctions are studied. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1356709
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature operation of distributed feedback quantum-cascade lasers at 5.3 μm (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 396-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-temperature operation of a low-threshold 5.3 μm quantum-cascade distributed feedback laser is presented. The emission spectrum was single mode with more than 20 dB side mode suppression ratio for all investigated temperatures and up to thermal rollover. For 1.5% duty cycle and at 0 °C, the laser emitted 1.15 W of single mode peak power; at 120 °C, a value of 92 mW was seen. For a 3 mm long device, we observed a room-temperature threshold current density of 3.6 kA/cm2. This remarkable performance is mainly due to a 4 quantum-well active region using a double phonon resonance for the lower laser level. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1340865
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous wave operation of a 9.3 μm quantum cascade laser on a Peltier cooler (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1964-1966 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High average power quantum cascade lasers at 9.3 μm using InP top cladding layers and both junction up and junction down mounting are presented. A 3 mm long, junction up mounted device emitted 54 mW average power at 30 °C and 11.5% duty cycle with a threshold current density of 3.72 kA/cm2. A similar, but only 1.5 mm long device with high reflection coating on both facets was mounted junction down and tested at even higher duty cycles. At −27 °C, we achieved continuous wave operation with a threshold current density of 3.3 kA/cm2. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1360225
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of far-infrared waveguide loss using a multisection single-pass technique (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1967-1969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Waveguide loss measurements based on a multisection single-pass technique have been performed for both mid-infrared and far-infrared quantum cascade structures. The far-infrared quantum cascade structures are based on a vertical transition active region emitting at λ(approximate)76 μm, embedded in a double-plasmon waveguide. The measured waveguide loss of 42±20 cm−1 agrees well with the calculated one based on free carrier absorption. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1357444
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-organized molecular-sized, hexagonally ordered SnOx nanodot superlattices on Pt(111) (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2766-2768 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Complete oxidation of the ((square root of)3×(square root of)3)R30° Sn/Pt(111) surface alloy or submonolayer amounts of Sn adatoms on Pt(111) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, forms a highly ordered, lateral superlattice of SnOx islands on the Pt(111) substrate. The island superstructure exhibits a sharp (5×5) low energy electron diffraction pattern. Scanning tunneling microscopy images show islands arranged in a hexagonal lattice, uniformly distributed over the whole sample. This island array is thermally stable up to 1050 K. The coincidence of the island periodicity with a multiple of the supporting substrate, and the same hexagonal symmetry of islands and substrate, suggests a strong island–substrate interaction. We propose that the island formation results from the breakup of a strained SnOx adlayer. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1369613
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current-driven insulator–conductor transition and nonvolatile memory in chromium-doped SrTiO3 single crystals (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3738-3740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Materials showing reversible resistive switching are attractive for today's semiconductor technology with its wide interest in nonvolatile random-access memories. In doped SrTiO3 single crystals, we found a dc-current-induced reversible insulator–conductor transition with resistance changes of up to five orders of magnitude. This conducting state allows extremely reproducible switching between different impedance states by current pulses with a performance required for nonvolatile memories. The results indicate a type of charge-induced bulk electronic change as a prerequisite for the memory effect, scaling down to nanometer-range electrode sizes in thin films. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1377617
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-wavelength (λ(approximate)16 μm), room-temperature, single-frequency quantum-cascade lasers based on a bound-to-continuum transition (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 4271-4273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Room-temperature operation of long-wavelength, Fabry–Perot and single-mode quantum-cascade lasers at λ(approximate)16 μm is reported. Multimode emission with pulsed peak power up to 400 mW at −40 °C and 220 mW at 30 °C is demonstrated. Single-mode emission up to 60 mW peak power has been achieved at 30 °C. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1425468
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum-cascade lasers based on a bound-to-continuum transition (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 147-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A quantum-cascade structure combining the advantages of the three-quantum well and superlattice active regions is demonstrated. In these devices, the emission occurs between a state localized close to the injection barrier and a miniband. A low threshold current density (3.6 kA/cm2), large slope efficiency (200 mW/A for 35 periods), and peak power (700 mW) are achieved at 30 °C while a peak power of 90 mW is obtained at temperatures as high as 150 °C. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1339843
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