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  • 1
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    A comparison of the tropical montane pteridophyte floras of Mount Kinabalu, Borneo, and Parque Nacional Carrasco, Bolivia (2001)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-21
    Print ISSN: 0305-0270
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2699
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of modulated shock waves in solid targets driven by spatially modulated laser beams (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 1212-1215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The growth of surface perturbations due to nonuniformities in the drive laser is an important subject in laser–matter interactions. We present results of experiments using drive lasers with known, single-mode modulations to produce nonuniform shocks that propagate into planar plastic (CH) targets. An optical probe beam is used to measure the arrival of these modulated shocks at various surfaces in the target. Experiments at moderate laser intensities ((approximately-less-than)1013 W/cm2) exhibit behavior predicted by hydrocodes and simple scaling laws. This technique will be used to observe various dynamic effects in laser-produced plasmas and shock-wave propagation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1486053
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of the national minimum wage on the apparel industry (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This analysis of the NMW’s initial impact in the apparel industry focuses on organisational and institutional factors in explaining the effects on pay and related issues. The NMW had a marked effect on national terms and conditions, in particular raising the minimum earnings level. At the local level, it impacted directly on the pay of a small number of employees in almost half the 42 organisations surveyed in the East Midlands and Northern Ireland. These tended to be the larger employing units facing foreign competition and selling into the domestic market. Also, in some workplaces, the NMW adversely affected the piecework system. The reaction of local management to these changes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00240
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier-space image processing for spherical experiments on OMEGA (invited) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 635-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Studies of compressed shell integrity of spherical targets on the 60-beam 30 kJ UV OMEGA laser system involve spatially and temporally resolved measurements of core emission at different x-ray energies. Hot-core emission backlights a titanium-doped shell that is imaged at x-ray energies above and below the titanium K edge. The difference between the two images is related to perturbations in the cold, or absorbing, part of the shell. The core emission has been imaged by a pinhole array on a framing camera and recorded on film. The resolution and noise of all parts of the imaging system have been characterized. Using this information, a Wiener filter that reduces noise, compensates for detector resolution, and facilitates measurement of shell nonuniformities has been formulated. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1315642
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contingent and Non-Contingent Working in Local Government: Contrasting Psychological Contracts (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 80 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Given that the contingent worker is likely to be a familiar presence in the public service workplace of the future, this paper explores the consequences of contingent work arrangements on the attitudes and behaviour of employees using the psychological contract as a framework for analysis. Drawing upon survey evidence from a sample of permanent, fixed term and temporary staff employed in a British local authority, our results suggest that contract status plays an important role in how individuals view the exchange relationship with their employer and how they respond to the inducements received from that relationship. Specifically, contingent employees are less committed to the organization and engage in organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) to a lesser degree than their permanent counterparts. However, contrary to our hypothesis, the relationship between the inducements provided by the employer and OCB is stronger for contingent employees. Such findings have implications for the treatment of contingent and non-contingent employees in the public services.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00295
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Daphnia in a trade-off between food and temperature: individual habitat choice and time allocation (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 49 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. In a thermally stratified water column with a deep-water algal maximum, Daphnia face a trade-off between food (high fecundity) and temperature (fast development). Recent studies showed that Daphnia populations move up and down the entire water column to take advantage of both, but the proportion of time allocated by individuals to the epilimnion, metalimnion and hypolimnion with their specific food and temperature conditions is not yet known.2. In a system of 1 m deep, vertical perspex tubes, I established three temperature gradients with 2, 5 and 10 °C differences between the surface (epilimnion) and the bottom layer (hypolimnion). Algae were added to the hypolimnion to simulate a deep-water algal maximum.3. The migration behaviour of individual neonate and egg-bearing Daphnia hyalina × galeata was monitored in order to measure the proportions of time the individuals allocated to the different vertical habitats and to assess the frequency of their shifts between epilimnion and hypolimnion.4. Neonates stayed continuously at the surface, taking advantage of the higher temperature, possibly because feeding was less important for them because of egg yolk reserves. In contrast, egg-bearing females spent more time feeding in the hypolimnion when the temperature gradient was weak, but also migrated into the epilimnion to take advantage of the higher temperature. In the steepest temperature gradient, the egg-bearing females either shifted between epilimnion and hypolimnion, or dwelled constantly in the metalimnion with intermediate conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01260.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploring Organizationally Directed Citizenship Behaviour: Reciprocity or ‘It's my Job’?* (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 41 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   This study sets out to examine two explanations for why employees engage in organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The first explanation views OCB as a form of reciprocation where employees engage in OCB to reciprocate fair or good treatment from the organization. The second view is that employees engage in OCB because they define those behaviours as part of their job. The research methodology consisted of survey data from 387 hospital employees on their perceptions of procedural and interactional justice, mutual commitment, job breadth and OCB. The results suggest that procedural and interactional justice are positively associated with mutual commitment that in turn, is related directly to OCB and indirectly through expanding the boundaries of an individual's job. These findings suggest that together the reciprocation thesis and ‘it's my job’ argument complement each other and provide a more complete foundation for our understanding of OCB. The difference between the two perspectives lies in the process by which individuals respond; that is, role enlargement and role maintenance. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00422.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PLANT RESPONSES TO INSECT HERBIVORY: The Emerging Molecular Analysis (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 53 (2002), S. 299-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plants respond to herbivore attack with a bewildering array of responses, broadly categorized as direct and indirect defenses, and tolerance. Plant-herbivore interactions are played out on spatial scales that include the cellular responses, well-studied in plant-pathogen interactions, as well as responses that function at whole-plant and community levels. The plant's wound response plays a central role but is frequently altered by insect-specific elicitors, giving plants the potential to optimize their defenses. In this review, we emphasize studies that advance the molecular understanding of elicited direct and indirect defenses and include verifications with insect bioassays. Large-scale transcriptional changes accompany insect-induced resistance, which is organized into specific temporal and spatial patterns and points to the existence of herbivore-specific trans-activating elements orchestrating the responses. Such organizational elements could help elucidate the molecular control over the diversity of responses elicited by herbivore attack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.53.100301.135207
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and evaluation of a simple ultralow vibration vacuum environment (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A vibration-isolated platform in a high-vacuum environment designed for prototyping optical interferometers is described. The system provides isolation from both seismic and acoustic disturbances with a residual acceleration of 2.9×10−6 m/s2 rms (root-mean-square) in the vertical direction and 6.3×10−6 m/s2 rms in the horizontal in the bandwidth from 5 to 400 Hz. The environmental decoupling provided by the spring suspension, air-spring table legs, and vacuum are evaluated sequentially to illustrate the effects of each. The vibration contributed by the turbomolecular pump is measured and shown to fall into a low-frequency zone from 26 to 76 Hz as well as peaks at the pump rotation frequency of 820 Hz and its harmonic at 1.64 kHz. The low-frequency noise arising from the pump is less than 2% of the total residual acceleration in the bandwidth from 0.25 to 400 Hz. The platform is used to construct a high-finesse open-cavity Fabry–Perot interferometer, using standard commercial mounts, with relative motion below 2 pm rms in a 3 kHz bandwidth. Of this motion, the contribution due to the pump at 820 Hz is only 0.3 pm. The acoustic decoupling provided by the vacuum environment allows experiments that are prohibitive at atmospheric pressure even in a tightly sealed enclosure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1416110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depth distribution of Daphnia in response to a deep-water algal maximum: the effect of body size and temperature gradient (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 49 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. In the absence of fish predation, Daphnia exploiting a deep-water algal maximum are faced with a trade-off. They can either dwell in the epilimnion where development in the warm water is fast, but food shortage causes low egg production, or in the hypolimnion, where food availability is high but development is slow because of low temperatures.2. We tested the hypotheses that (i) depth distributions of various ontogenetic stages (size classes and egg-bearing females) differ because daphnids react to light with size-specific diel vertical migration (DVM) even in the absence of fish (residual predator avoidance hypothesis) and (ii) differently sized daphnids select different depths because the relative importance of temperature and food varies for ontogenetic stages (physiological hypothesis). We used large indoor mesocosms (Plankton Towers) to test these hypotheses experimentally.3. Temperature was the strongest factor governing the distribution, with larger proportions of the population dwelling in the food-rich hypolimnion if the temperature gradient was shallow. There were small but significant differences between ontogenetic stages during the day, but not at night. This suggested the existence of a ‘residual’ effect of light on depth distribution in the absence of a fish cue.4. Although large individuals exhibited greater amplitude of DVM, the physiological hypothesis had to be rejected. A stage-specific physiological effect is unlikely to be directly triggered by light, hence vertical movement of the individuals should not be synchronised. Rather, being forced into deeper layers by the residual light response during the day, large and egg-bearing females experience a lower average temperature during day than juveniles. They probably compensate for this by spending longer time periods in warm waters at night.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01190.x
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