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  • Springer  (65)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (24)
  • American Physical Society  (10)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2000-2004  (99)
  • 2000  (99)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutralizing antibody provided protection against enterovirus type 71 lethal challenge in neonatal mice (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 7 (2000), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: Enterovirus type 71 ; Experimental infection ; Mice ; Neutralizing antibody ; Vaccine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experimental infection with enterovirus type 71 (EV71) induced death in neonatal mice in an age- and dose-dependent manner. The mortality rate was 100% following intraperitoneal inoculation 1-day-old ICR mice and this gradually decreased as the age at the time of inoculation increased (60% in 3-day-old mice and no deaths occurred in mice older than 6 days of age). A lethal dose greater than 108 PFU was necessary. Lethargy, failure to gain weight, rear limb tremors and paralysis were observed in the infected mice before death. EV71 was isolated from various tissues of the dead mice. Using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique with a specific primer pair, a 332-bp product was detected in the tissues that produced a culture positive for EV71. Protection against EV71 challenge in neonatal mice was demonstrated following passive transfer of serum from actively immunized adult mice 1 day after inoculation with the virus. Pups from hyperimmune dams were resistant to EV71 challenge. Additionally, maternal immunization with a formalin-inactivated whole-virus vaccine prolonged the survival of pups after EV71 lethal challenge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02253368
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural evolution and optical properties of TiO2 thin films prepared by thermal oxidation of sputtered Ti films (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 4628-4633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A dense rutile TiO2 thin film was synthesized by the thermal oxidation of a sputtered titanium metal film in ambient air. The effects on optical properties of TiO2 films of the crystal structure and microstructural evolution at various oxidation temperatures were investigated. The Ti films transformed into single-phase rutile TiO2 at temperatures ≥ 550 °C without going through an anatase-to-rutile transformation. Instead, an additional crystalline Ti2O phase was detected at 550 °C only. An increase in the oxidation temperatures ranging between 700 and 900 °C led to an increase in both the refractive index and absorption coefficient, but a decrease in the band gap energy (Eg). According to the coherent potential approximation model, the band gap evolution of the oxidized films was primarily attributed to the electronic disorder due to oxygen deficiency at a higher oxidation temperature rather than the presence of an amorphous component in the prepared films. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1309039
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypersonic and dielectric properties of (PbZn1/3Nb2/3O3)0.915–(PbTiO3)0.085 single crystal (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 2327-2330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Both the longitudinal Brillouin backscattering spectra and dielectric permittivities along the [001] direction have been measured as a function of temperature for a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal (PbZn1/3Nb2/3O3)0.915–(PbTiO3)0.085 (PZN–8.5%PT). A sharp ferroelectric phase transition (which is associated with a Landau–Khalatnikov-type phonon damping maximum) was observed near 450 K. As temperature deceases, a diffuse phase transition (which is associated with a broad acoustic phonon damping maximum) was detected near 355 K. This broad damping evolution is attributed to dynamic order-parameter fluctuations. In addition, the nature of the thermal hysteresis for the dielectric permittivity confirms that these transitions (near 355 and 450 K) are diffuse first order and first order, respectively. The frequency-dependent dielectric data εc″(f,T) prove the existence of an electric dipolar relaxation process below 360 K. The activation energy, the Vogel–Fulcher temperature, and attempt frequency corresponding to this relaxation process are also calculated. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372182
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Splashing impact of a single drop onto very thin liquid films (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 12 (2000), S. 2155-2158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Liquid films with thicknesses on the order of 1 mm were commonly used for the study of drop impingement onto a wetted surface. This is because films thinner than 1 mm are difficult to generate and measure due to capillary meniscus. In this work a novel method to produce thin films of well-defined thickness has been developed. Also a reliable process with minimum uncertainty to determine film thickness was proposed. New splashing phenomena were observed for drop impact onto thin films. It is found that the critical splash level (the threshold Weber number) is insensitive to film thickness for a given solid surface if the film is sufficiently thin. It is also shown that the critical splash level increases with liquid viscosity. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287511
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instantaneous spherical electron focusing in a Penning trap (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 3912-3916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the electron beam Penning trap, electron focusing at the trap center by means of injecting low-canonical-angular-momentum electrons has been identified. It is found that the focusing occurs instantaneously under the condition that the injection current is larger than a threshold and the effective electric potential well is spherical. A self-consistent model is proposed to describe the setup process of the dense core. According to the model the instantaneous core density is evaluated to be about one order greater than the corresponding Brillouin density. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1288908
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the rapid estimation of permeability for porous media using Brownian motion paths (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 12 (2000), S. 1699-1709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe two efficient methods of estimating the fluid permeability of standard models of porous media by using the statistics of continuous Brownian motion paths that initiate outside a sample and terminate on contacting the porous sample. The first method associates the "penetration depth" with a specific property of the Brownian paths, then uses the standard relation between penetration depth and permeability to calculate the latter. The second method uses Brownian paths to calculate an effective capacitance for the sample, then relates the capacitance, via angle-averaging theorems, to the translational hydrodynamic friction of the sample. Finally, a result of Felderhof is used to relate the latter quantity to the permeability of the sample. We find that the penetration depth method is highly accurate in predicting permeability of porous material. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870420
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The critical temperature of dry impact for tiny droplet impinging on a heated surface (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 12 (2000), S. 1622-1625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Leidenfrost temperature has long been taken as the criterion to classify characteristic regimes for not only heat transfer but also hydrodynamic impact patterns for droplet impinging on a heated surface. This work classifies the characteristic impact regimes and reveals that the hydrodynamic impact parameter influences the classification of characteristic impact regimes. For each individual impact, the required surface temperature for the dry impact, which has no direct liquid–solid-contact during the impact period is much lower than the Leidenfrost temperature. The squeeze film effect has been successfully used to explain the corresponding mechanism for it. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870413
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability of a Si/Si1−xGex quantum well studied by admittance spectroscopy (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1947-1950 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal stability of a SiGe/Si quantum well grown by molecular-beam epitaxy is studied by using the admittance spectroscopy technique. The values of activation energies of hole emission from the subbands in the SiGe/Si quantum well are derived from the admittance spectra. After annealing the sample at different temperatures, the activation energy varies in different behaviors. There is no significant change of the activation energy after annealing at 700 °C for 40 min. At the annealing temperature of 900 °C, the decrease of the activation energy with annealing time could be attributed to the interdiffusion of Ge, Si atoms at the heterointerfaces and the strain relaxation effect. An unexpected phenomenon is observed at the annealing temperature of 800 °C, i.e., the activation energy increases with the annealing time. This extraordinary phenomenon is supposed to be caused by the change of the well potential shape due to the B out-diffusion from the well to the Si barrier. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of coatings on magnetic metal using the swept-frequency eddy current method (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3161-3167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A measurement technique using the swept-frequency eddy current (SFEC) method for determining the thickness, conductivity, and permeability of metallic coatings on metal substrates for the case when either coating, substrate, or both are magnetic was developed. This technique involved using the empirically determined permeability of the metals as input to the model calculation. This technique is demonstrated for nickel layers (25–200 μm) over copper substrates, copper layers (25–200 μm) over nickel substrates, and zinc layers (50–400 μm) over steel substrates. The electrical impedance was measured for air-core coils in the presence and absence of the layer using a 4194A Hewlett–Packard impedance analyzer. An analytic closed-form solution for calculating the impedance of a cylindrical air-core probe over a layered metallic half-space is presented. The determination of coating thickness and conductivity and permeability of the metals is based on the comparison of the data taken with air-core coils and theoretical calculation that using the closed-form solution developed. Most of the cases studied show experiment and theory agreeing fairly well, within 10%, with no adjustable parameters. The physical phenomena of eddy currents interaction with the coated magnetic metals are also discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1304862
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed amplification of cw dye laser with undetectable amplified spontaneous emission (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3309-3312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have constructed a cw dye master oscillator/dye pulse-amplifier system that generates 4 ns, 100 mJ pulses with a repetition rate of 30 Hz. The output pulse has a bandwidth of 275 MHz. Backward-stimulated Brillouin scattering is used to control the growth of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The content of ASE in the final output is under our detection limit (〈10−4) for the entire tuning range. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1288265
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