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  • Articles  (2)
  • smoking  (1)
  • three-dimensional  (1)
  • Springer  (2)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1935-1939
  • 2000  (2)
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  • Articles  (2)
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  • Springer  (2)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1935-1939
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  • 2000  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of supercomputing 17 (2000), S. 123-142 
    ISSN: 1573-0484
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; three-dimensional ; compressible ; turbulent flows ; parallel implementation ; MPI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We present an efficient parallelization strategy for speeding up the computation of a high-accuracy 3-dimensional serial Navier-Stokes solver that treats turbulent transonic high-Reynolds flows. The code solves the full compressible Navier-Stokes equations and is applicable to realistic large size aerodynamic configurations and as such requires huge computational resources in terms of computer memory and execution time. The solver can resolve the flow properly on relatively coarse grids. Since the serial code contains a complex infrastructure typical for industrial code (which ensures its flexibility and applicability to complex configurations), then the parallelization task is not straightforward. We get scalable implementation on massively parallel machines by maintaining efficiency at a fixed value by simultaneously increasing the number of processors and the size of the problem. The 3-D Navier-Stokes solver was implemented on three MIMD message-passing multiprocessors (a 64-processors IBM SP2, a 20-processors MOSIX, and a 64-processors Origin 2000). The same code written with PVM and MPI software packages was executed on all the above distinct computational platforms. The examples in the paper demonstrate that we can achieve efficiency of about 60% for as many as 64 processors on Origin 2000 on a full-size 3-D aerodynamic problem which is solved on realistic computational grids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: tobacco ; smoking ; Medicaid ; tobacco litigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We estimate the increment in Massachusetts Medicaid program costs attributable to smoking from December 20, 1991 to 1998. We describe how our methods improve upon earlier estimates of analogous costs at the national level. Current costs to the Massachusetts Medicaid program approximate the payments to Massachusetts under the tobacco settlement of November 1998. Whether these payments are viewed as appropriate compensation for Medicaid costs over time depends upon the rate of increase in future health care costs, the rate of decline in smoking, the proportion of smoking that should be attributed to the actions of the tobacco companies and the likelihood the state would have prevailed at trial. The costs to the Medicaid program are dwarfed by the internal costs to smokers themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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