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  • Chemistry  (2)
  • DAE systems  (1)
  • Three dimensional
  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
  • 2000  (3)
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  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Multibody system dynamics 4 (2000), S. 317-340 
    ISSN: 1573-272X
    Keywords: multibody systems ; DAE systems ; force coupling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The force coupling and the differential algebraic descriptionof constrained multibody systems are compared and applied to two testmodels used in vehicle dynamics. Based on the Newtonian and Eulerianequations the equations of motion for local subsystems are presentedusing explicitly and implicitly formulated constraints. In the nextstage the coupling of local subsystems using implicit algebraicconstraints and an approximative description of the constraints byapplied coupling forces is explained. The two coupling methods areapplied to test models used in vehicle dynamics to examine theircharacteristics by numerical integration with different methods. Themost efficient among the tested DAE solvers is identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography ; thermal desorption modulator ; temperature programming ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---In comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, two individual separations are coupled by means of a rotating thermal desorption modulator interface. The injection pulse introduced via the interface onto the second column should be as short as possible. Parameters affecting the modulator operation are studied. In the set-up used in this study, the temperature of the second column can be programmed independently from that of the first column. Optimization of the second-dimension separation to minimize peak broadening and maximize resolution is discussed and an elegant approach to determine second-dimension retention times using a non-constant modulation frequency is demonstrated. The high separation power of the comprehensive system is demonstrated by the analysis of technical and biota samples containing chlorinated biphenyls and toxaphene.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: μLC ; FID ; LC-FID ; carbohydrates ; amino acids ; alcohols ; phosphonic acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The potential of the on-line coupling of microcolumn liquid chromatography (μLC) using aqueous eluents with a flame ionization detector (FID) was evaluated. An eluent-jet interface was modified to allow the efficient introduction of the eluent into the FID. The potential of the method is demonstrated by the μLC-FID determination of lower alcohols and bis(2-hydroxyethylthio)alkanes on porous and non-porous stationary phases, respectively. Flow injection analysis (FIA)-FID experiments with highly polar, thermolabile, semi-volatile and non-volatile compounds like amino acids, organic acids, alkylphosphonic acids, and carbohydrates showed the developed configuration to be a promising approach for the detection of a wide range of analytes. Compared with a nebulization interface, the eluent-jet interface showed 4-10 times higher peaks for citric acid. Detection limits by FIA for all compounds were in the range of 0.2-5 ng injected. With ribose as test compound, plots of peak height vs. amount injected showed good linearity (r2 〉 0.999) in the range of 75-12,000 μg/mL. The repeatability showed relative standard deviations of less than 5%.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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