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  • Springer  (172)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 2000-2004  (172)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979
  • 2000  (172)
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  • 2000-2004  (172)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling run-and-tumble chemotaxis in a shear flow (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 62 (2000), S. 775-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The biased random walk undergone by chemotactic bacteria such as Escherichia coli will be influenced at the microscopic level by flow in the ambient medium. In this paper, we model swimming bacteria being advected and rotated by a simple shear flow. Under certain scaling assumptions, we obtain an advection—diffusion equation for cell density, when the chemotactic response is small, which shows a coupling between the rotation and chemotaxis. We also present an alternative method for calculating the chemotactic flux in an unbounded region which is valid for more general chemotactic responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.2000.0178
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing the yield and viscosity of exopolysaccharides secreted by Sphingomonas by augmentation of chromosomal genes with multiple copies of cloned biosynthetic genes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 25 (2000), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Sphingomonas; exopolysaccharide; productivity; biosynthetic-gene augmentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Certain bacteria of the Sphingomonas genus secrete structurally related capsular polysaccharides. Due to their unique properties, three (gellan, welan and rhamsan) are produced commercially by submerged fermentation and are used as modifiers of aqueous rheology and as gelling agents. However, conversion of glucose into these polysaccharides is relatively inefficient. To identify general methods for increasing the productivity of Sphingomonas, we augmented the normal chromosomal copy of the phosphoglucomutase gene (pgm) and the cluster of genes (sps) required for assembly of the carbohydrate repeat unit for strain S7 with multiple copies of plasmids carrying these genes. Although a sixfold increase in Pgm activity only lead to a small percentage increase in conversion of glucose to the S-7 polysaccharide, multiple sps genes caused a nearly 20% increase in the yield from glucose and an even larger increase in culture viscosity. The increased viscosity was accompanied by a change in the sugar composition of the secreted polymer. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 49–57.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.7000019
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic removal of zeins from the surface of maize starch granules (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: zein; maize; wet milling; thermostable protease; thermolysin; fatty acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Alcohol-extractable, hydrophobic zein proteins contaminate starch granule surfaces and can be removed by enzymatic digestion with thermolysin. The goal of this research was to find practical alternatives to thermolysin that might be used during the corn wet-milling process. All of the commercial thermostable alkaline proteases studied (SP 709, Neutrase, and Spezyme FAN) removed the zein proteins from various types of cornstarch, as demonstrated by the lack of protein bands below 30 kDa under the reducing conditions of SDS-PAGE gel. Each enzyme removed the zein proteins as effectively as thermolysin removed them. However, the removal of the zein protein did not reduce the quantity of free fatty acids associated with the starch. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 71–74.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900767
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L-moments and C-moments (2000)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 14 (2000), S. 50-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  It is well known that the computation of higher order statistics, like skewness and kurtosis, (which we call C-moments) is very dependent on sample size and is highly susceptible to the presence of outliers. To obviate these difficulties, Hosking (1990) has introduced related statistics called L-moments. We have investigated the relationship of these two measures in a number of different ways. Firstly, we show that probability density functions (pdf ) that are estimated from L-moments are superior estimates to those obtained using C-moments and the principle of maximum entropy. C-moments computed from these pdf's are not however, contrary to what one may have expected, better estimates than those estimated from sample statistics. L-moment derived distributions for field data examples appear to be more consistent sample to sample than pdf 's determined by conventional means. Our observations and conclusions have a significant impact on the use of the conventional maximum entropy procedure which typically uses C-moments from actual data sets to infer probabilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004770050004
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surfaces in Conformal Geometry (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of global analysis and geometry 18 (2000), S. 255-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9060
    Keywords: Willmore energy functional ; Willmore conjecture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Properties of submanifolds are examined which remain invariantunder a conformal change of metric of the ambiant space. In particular,the Willmore energy functional is discussed as is the Willmoreconjecture for tori.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006717506186
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for the computational modelling of dialectical argument with dialogue games (2000)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 8 (2000), S. 233-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: argument ; dialogue games ; legal information systems ; persuasion ; speech acts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe a method for the specification of computationalmodels of argument using dialogue games. The method, which consists ofsupplying a set of semantic definitions for the performatives making upthe game, together with a state transition diagram, is described in full.Its use is illustrated by some examples of varying complexity, includingtwo complete specifications of particular dialogue games, Mackenzie's DC,and the authors' own TDG. The latter is also illustrated by a fully workedexample illustrating all the features of the game.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008308627745
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global Continuation in Displacement Problems of Nonlinear Elastostatics via the Leray-Schauder Degree (2000)
    Springer
    Archive for rational mechanics and analysis 152 (2000), S. 273-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We obtain global solution continua of forced displacement problems of nonlinear elastostatics via a Leray-Schauder scheme. We adopt strong ellipticity as a bsic constitutive hypothesis. The usual Leray-Schauder approach, based in part upon the reduction of the boundary value problem to an operator equation for the zeros of a compact vector field, apparently fails. On the one hand, strong ellipticity alone is not enough to insure “invertibility/rdquo; of the principal, quasilinear part of the differential operator. More importantly, the physical requirement of local injectivity of the deformation and the associated growth of the stored-energy function dictate that ellipticity is not uniform. We demonstrate how to overcome these difficulties. Finally, with additional, physically reasonable restrictions on the stored-energy function, we obtain unbounded branches of classical, globally injective solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002050000078
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Benzo(a)pyrene and Size of Organic Matter Particles on Bioaccumulation and Growth of Asellus aquaticus (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 39 (2000), S. 307-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of sediment-bound toxicants to aquatic invertebrates may vary due to differences in bioavailability, food quality, or food structure. The equilibrium partitioning theory (EPT) assumes that organic matter content of sediments and not structure of organic matter is relevant for biological effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. To test this hypothesis effects of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and size of sediment organic matter particles on the bioaccumulation and growth of the waterlouse Asellus aquaticus were studied in laboratory microcosms. Sediments and A. aquaticus were both sampled in an unpolluted, spring-fed pond. The sampled sediment was divided into two portions. From one portion the size of the organic matter particles was mechanically reduced. One set of each sediment fraction (fine and coarse) was spiked with B(a)P and incubated for 3 weeks resulting in a concentration of 70 mg B(a)P per kg sediment. Bioassays of 32 days were performed in a 2 × 2 factorial design with four replicas of each treatment. The results showed that the growth of A. aquaticus was mainly influenced by the size of organic matter particles. Growth was significantly less (27%) on finer sediments than on coarser sediments. The increase in length was 9–14% lower in the spiked sediments, but this difference was not significant. The reduced growth of A. aquaticus on finer sediments may be due to a change in the availability and/or quality of food together with a change in feeding behavior. The coarse and fine spiked sediment types did not differ significantly with respect to the sediment water partition coefficient, the organic carbon water partition coefficient, and the bioconcentration factor. In contrast, the biota to sediment accumulation factors were significantly 15% higher in the cosms with coarse sediments than in cosms with fine sediments. However, this difference is too small to conflict with EPT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian rhythms of melatonin in European starlings exposed to different lighting conditions: relationship with locomotor and feeding rhythms (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 186 (2000), S. 205-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Circadian rhythms ; Melatonin ; Light intensity ; Locomotor activity ; Starling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In passerine birds, the periodic secretion of melatonin by the pineal organ represents an important component of the pacemaker that controls overt circadian functions. The daily phase of low melatonin secretion generally coincides with the phase of intense activity, but the precise relationship between the melatonin and the behavioral rhythms has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) (1) the temporal relationship between the circadian plasma melatonin rhythm and the rhythms in locomotor activity and feeding; (2) the persistence of the melatonin rhythm in constant conditions; and (3) the effects of light intensity on synchronized and free-running melatonin and behavioral rhythms. There was a marked rhythm in plasma melatonin with high levels at night and/or the inactive phase of the behavioral cycles in almost all birds. Like the behavioral rhythms, the melatonin rhythm persisted for at least 50 days in constant dim light. In the synchronized state, higher daytime light intensity resulted in more tightly synchronized rhythms and a delayed melatonin peak. While all three rhythms usually assumed a rather constant phase relationship to each other, in one bird the two behavioral rhythms dissociated from each other. In this case, the melatonin rhythm retained the appropriate phase relationship with the feeding rhythm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050020
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Simulation of a Sea Breeze Under Dominant Synoptic Conditions at Perth (2000)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 73 (2000), S. 89-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary  The development and movement of sea breezes under the influence of a thermally induced synoptic coastal trough and coastal terrain are simulated. These simulations are analyzed in the context of an extensive observational data set. The synoptic trough acts to determine the presence and intensity of the sea breeze through the advection of warm air in the surface layer whereas local topography acts to enhance the breeze and turn the low-level flow. Interaction between the sea breeze circulation and the trough assists trough movement across the coastline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007030050067
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