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  • Evolution  (6)
  • Springer  (6)
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1940-1944
  • 2000  (6)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (6)
  • Oxford University Press
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 2000  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Class I and class II MHC bind self peptide sets that are strikingly different in their evolutionary characteristics (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 8-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Antigen presentation ; Autoimmune disease ; Evolution ; MHC ; Self peptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Comparison of peptides eluted from human class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and the proteins from which they are derived (source proteins) revealed that class I MHC bind peptides derived from proteins that are highly conserved, hydrophilic, and universally expressed, while the peptides themselves are hydrophobic and even more conserved than their source proteins. In contrast, source proteins for class II-bound peptides were not significantly more conserved than a random sample of proteins. Class II-bound peptides were generally more conserved than their source proteins but were significantly less conserved than class I-bound peptides. The characteristics of class I-bound peptides can probably be explained by the selectivity of processing and transport of peptides for binding by class I, while the relative lack of selectivity of peptide binding for class II may explain the high incidence of autoimmune diseases associated with alleles of these molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is a mutator analogous to the Ig hypermutator of the sheep ileal Peyer's patch active on MHC class I genes in the germ line? (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 462-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words HLA genes ; IgV genes ; Evolution ; Gene conversion ; Sheep ileal Peyer's patch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Polymorphic sequence variation in the peptide-binding domains of MHC class I molecules appears to have been driven largely by the constructive action of natural selection on the specificity of the peptide-binding groove. Similar features are displayed by the variable domains of immunoglobulins generated in the sheep ileal Peyer's patch, but in this case there is evidence that the action of a targeted hypermutator acting on a selected substrate rather than antigen-driven selection is responsible for the pattern of variation in the system. Such a hypermutator acting in the germ line would not only mimic the action of natural selection but also, by convergent mutation, generate similar patterns of variation in unrelated alleles that could be interpreted as evidence for short-tract gene conversion. We analyzed human class I MHC alleles in the light of these data, but failed to find evidence of the action of a similar hypermutator. A search for other mutationally driven patterns of variation also failed, even in hypervariable residues from parsimonious phylogenies. Single-nucleotide variation at these residues is also frequent in recent allelic variants, but the data are as consistent with short-tract gene conversion as with base mutation. We conclude that the patterns of allelic variation in MHC molecules are not driven by mutational pressure, but rather by conventional mutational processes, accompanied by short-tract gene conversion and intense natural selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050645
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sequence of J chain in an amphibian, Rana catesbeiana (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 587-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words J chain ; Immunoglobulin ; Amphibian ; Evolution ; Comparative immunology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510000169
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evolution of paired appendages in vertebrates: T-box genes in the zebrafish (2000)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 82-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words T-box genes ; Zebrafish ; Fins ; Evolution ; Gene duplication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The presence of two sets of paired appendages is one of the defining features of jawed vertebrates. We are interested in identifying genetic systems that could have been responsible for the origin of the first set of such appendages, for their subsequent duplication at a different axial level, and/or for the generation of their distinct identities. It has been hypothesized that four genes of the T-box gene family (Tbx2–Tbx5) played important roles in the course of vertebrate limb evolution. To test this idea, we characterized the orthologs of tetrapod limb-expressed T-box genes from a teleost, Danio rerio. Here we report isolation of three of these genes, tbx2, tbx4, and tbx5. We found that their expression patterns are remarkably similar to those of their tetrapod counterparts. In particular, expression of tbx5 and tbx4 is restricted to pectoral and pelvic fin buds, respectively, while tbx2 can be detected at the anterior and posterior margins of the outgrowing fin buds. This, in combination with conserved expression patterns in other tissues, suggests that the last common ancestor of teleosts and tetrapods possessed all four of these limb-expressed T-box genes (Tbx2–Tbx5), and that these genes had already acquired, and have subsequently maintained, their gene-specific functions. Furthermore, this evidence provides molecular support for the notion that teleost pectoral and pelvic fins and tetrapod fore- and hindlimbs, respectively, are homologous structures, as suggested by comparative morphological analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050014
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volcanic history of El Chichón Volcano (Chiapas, Mexico) during the Holocene, and its impact on human activity (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 62 (2000), S. 90-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Stratigraphy ; Evolution ; El Chichón ; México
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: 2 abundance and depletion in MgO, CaO, TiO2, as well as trace and rare earth elements. This suggests segregation of olivine and orthopyroxene from the melt. Since human settlements in southeast Mexico and Central America can be traced as far back as approximately 2500 years BP, most of these events probably affected human activity. In fact, there are reports of pottery shards and other artifacts in deposits from the eruption of 1250 BP. Pottery fragments in deposits of an eruption that took place 2500 BP are also reported in this paper. Thus, the impact of the volcano on human activities has been frequent, with most of the repose intervals lasting between 100 to 600 years. The impact of the eruptions was probably of greater than local extent, because airfall tephra could reach distant sites and possibly even affect weather. The eruptive history of El Chichón also offers clues in the investigation of the Maya civilization. Several researchers have considered the volcano as an important factor in the answer to some intriguing questions such as the extensive use of volcanic ash in Late Classic Maya ceramics or, of greater importance, the causes of the collapse of the Classic Maya civilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004459900064
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does phylogenetic inertia explain the evolution of ineffective antipredator behavior in a sunfish-salamander system? (2000)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 49 (2000), S. 48-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Keywords Antipredator behavior ; Phylogenetic inertia ; Conflicting selection pressures ; Evolution ; Salamanders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri, exhibits ineffective antipredator behavior (high emergence rate from refuge, and high activity while out of refuge) and thus suffers heavy predation in stream pools with sunfish. A. barbouri evolved relatively recently from an ancestor that closely resembled a sister species, A. texanum, which breeds in fishless, ephemeral ponds. Sunfish thus represent a relatively new selection pressure for A. barbouri. Phylogenetic inertia predicts that (1) A. texanum should be very poor at coping with fish and (2) because it has only recently been exposed to fish, A. barbouri should still be poor at avoiding fish, but due to its recent exposure to fish, A. barbouri should be better than A. texanum at coping with sunfish. Experimental results provided mixed support for these predictions. As predicted, A. texanum suffered heavy sunfish predation. Compared to A. texanum, A. barbouri showed a greater tendency to initiate alarm moves that enhanced escape success from fish. However, in both the presence and absence of fish, A. barbouri showed higher emergence rates from refuge and higher movement while out of refuge than A. texanum. These behaviors tend to increase exposure to sunfish, i.e., for these key behaviors, A. barbouri apparently evolved in the wrong direction as far as fish predation is concerned. Due to these offsetting effects (increased exposure to fish, increased escape success), A. barbouri is no better at surviving with sunfish than A. texanum. A possible explanation for the high activity of A. barbouri is its use of highly ephemeral habitats (relative to A. texanum) that favor the evolution of higher activity, feeding, and developmental rates for A. barbouri relative to A. texanum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650000263
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