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  • 2015-2019
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  • 2000  (5)
  • 1
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    Regulation of cell fate decision of undifferentiated spermatogonia by GDNF (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: The molecular control of self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells has remained enigmatic. Transgenic loss-of-function and overexpression models now show that the dosage of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), produced by Sertoli cells, regulates cell fate decisions of undifferentiated spermatogonial cells that include the stem cells for spermatogenesis. Gene-targeted mice with one GDNF-null allele show depletion of stem cell reserves, whereas mice overexpressing GDNF show accumulation of undifferentiated spermatogonia. They are unable to respond properly to differentiation signals and undergo apoptosis upon retinoic acid treatment. Nonmetastatic testicular tumors are regularly formed in older GDNF-overexpressing mice. Thus, GDNF contributes to paracrine regulation of spermatogonial self-renewal and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meng, X -- Lindahl, M -- Hyvonen, M E -- Parvinen, M -- de Rooij, D G -- Hess, M W -- Raatikainen-Ahokas, A -- Sainio, K -- Rauvala, H -- Lakso, M -- Pichel, J G -- Westphal, H -- Saarma, M -- Sariola, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1489-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Programs of Developmental Biology, Molecular Neurobiology, Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10688798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cobalt/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitosis ; *Nerve Growth Factors ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Sertoli Cells/cytology/physiology ; *Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/*cytology/drug effects ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Testicular Neoplasms/pathology ; Testis/anatomy & histology ; Vitamin A/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans: a Y chromosome perspective (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-10
    Description: A genetic perspective of human history in Europe was derived from 22 binary markers of the nonrecombining Y chromosome (NRY). Ten lineages account for 〉95% of the 1007 European Y chromosomes studied. Geographic distribution and age estimates of alleles are compatible with two Paleolithic and one Neolithic migratory episode that have contributed to the modern European gene pool. A significant correlation between the NRY haplotype data and principal components based on 95 protein markers was observed, indicating the effectiveness of NRY binary polymorphisms in the characterization of human population composition and history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Semino, O -- Passarino, G -- Oefner, P J -- Lin, A A -- Arbuzova, S -- Beckman, L E -- De Benedictis, G -- Francalacci, P -- Kouvatsi, A -- Limborska, S -- Marcikiae, M -- Mika, A -- Mika, B -- Primorac, D -- Santachiara-Benerecetti, A S -- Cavalli-Sforza, L L -- Underhill, P A -- GM 28428/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 55273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 10;290(5494):1155-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Universita di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy. semino@ipvgen.univp.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11073453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Anthropology, Physical ; Climate ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; Female ; *Gene Pool ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetics, Population ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Middle East ; *Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Docosahexaenoic acid, a ligand for the retinoid X receptor in mouse brain (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-12-16
    Description: The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a nuclear receptor that functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor. Little is known about the ligands that activate RXR in vivo. Here, we identified a factor in brain tissue from adult mice that activates RXR in cell-based assays. Purification and analysis of the factor by mass spectrometry revealed that it is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that is highly enriched in the adult mammalian brain. Previous work has shown that DHA is essential for brain maturation, and deficiency of DHA in both rodents and humans leads to impaired spatial learning and other abnormalities. These data suggest that DHA may influence neural function through activation of an RXR signaling pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Urquiza, A M -- Liu, S -- Sjoberg, M -- Zetterstrom, R H -- Griffiths, W -- Sjovall, J -- Perlmann, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2140-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, Box 240, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11118147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Brain/growth & development/metabolism ; *Brain Chemistry ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Dimerization ; Docosahexaenoic Acids/*isolation & purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retinoid X Receptors ; Signal Transduction ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Antiphase oscillation of the left and right suprachiasmatic nuclei (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-29
    Description: An unusual property of the circadian timekeeping systems of animals is rhythm "splitting," in which a single daily period of physical activity (usually measured as wheel running) dissociates into two stably coupled components about 12 hours apart; this behavior has been ascribed to a clock composed of two circadian oscillators cycling in antiphase. We analyzed gene expression in the hypothalamic circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), of behaviorally "split" hamsters housed in constant light. The results show that the two oscillators underlying the split condition correspond to the left and right sides of the bilaterally paired SCN.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de la Iglesia, H O -- Meyer, J -- Carpino, A Jr -- Schwartz, W J -- R01 NS24542/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):799-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. hacho@bio.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors ; Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/genetics/metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Cricetinae ; *Gene Expression ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; In Situ Hybridization ; Light ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Motor Activity ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Primates--a natural heritage of conflict resolution (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-01
    Description: The traditional notion of aggression as an antisocial instinct is being replaced by a framework that considers it a tool of competition and negotiation. When survival depends on mutual assistance, the expression of aggression is constrained by the need to maintain beneficial relationships. Moreover, evolution has produced ways of countering its disruptive consequences. For example, chimpanzees kiss and embrace after fights, and other nonhuman primates engage in similar "reconciliations." Theoretical developments in this field carry implications for human aggression research. From families to high schools, aggressive conflict is subject to the same constraints known of cooperative animal societies. It is only when social relationships are valued that one can expect the full complement of natural checks and balances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Waal, F B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 28;289(5479):586-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Living Links, Center for the Advanced Study of Human and Ape Evolution, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*psychology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Conflict (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Primates ; *Social Behavior ; Social Dominance
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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