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  • Springer  (64)
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  • 2000  (64)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A measurement‐based performance evaluation method for IP networks and its implementation (2000)
    Springer
    Telecommunication systems 15 (2000), S. 203-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In recent years, IP networks have become increasingly complex and the range of network applications has widened. As a result, the need for experimental evaluation of application performance has increased. We introduce a measurement‐based performance evaluation method that combines a function to generate various patterns of application traffic with one to measure end‐to‐end network performance at the application level. For our method, we also propose traffic models of various applications that can represent the characteristics of these applications, for example, the burstiness of traffic. This method has already been implemented as a benchmarking tool on UNIX operating systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019190811729
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging of an Absorbing Object Embedded in a Dense Scattering Medium by Diffusing Light Topography (2000)
    Springer
    Optical review 7 (2000), S. 436-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: diffusing light topography ; topographic imaging ; probability distribution function of path length ; spatially-integrated backscattering intensity ; depth estimation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new and simple imaging method for an absorbing object embedded in a dense scattering medium is proposed. The distinct characteristic is the positive usage of the diffusing light in the dense scattering medium to image the absorbing object. The principle is based on the equivalence between a probability distribution function of the path-length and a backscattered intensity distribution integrated spatially in the boundary plane between the medium and the air. The usefulness of the proposed method is experimentally confirmed for a modified pyramidal object painted black and thin tubes filled with black and red inks. The conditions under which the better image can be reconstructed are confirmed from the results of experiments and simulations. It is finally shown that our proposed method is capable of imaging the map of blood vessels distributed under the skin layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-000-0436-8
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial community indigenous to the earthworm Eisenia foetida (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 187-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key wordsAeromonas hydrophila ; Bacteria diversity ; Eisenia foetida ; Farmyard manure ; Microbial community
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Microbial populations of the earthworm Eisenia foetida, their casts and farmyard manure (FYM) in which E. foetida had lived were enumerated with the dilution plate method using several media. The microbial community of earthworms appeared to be similar to that of the FYM in which they had lived, while that of earthworms starved in distilled water for 24 h greatly differed from that of the FYM. The community of the starved earthworms consisted exclusively (more than 90%) of fast growers, which were defined as those that formed their colonies within 2 days, unlike that of the FYM (10–30%). About 30 isolates were randomly chosen and some physiological properties were examined. The community of starved earthworms consisted exclusively of Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, fermentative bacteria, whereas bacteria from the FYM were much more diverse and there were no fermentative bacteria in the FYM. The predominant bacteria species of the starved earthworms were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila and considered to be indigenous to the earthworm E. foetida.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050644
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ancient Origin of the Null Allele se 428 of the Human ABO-Secretor Locus (FUT2) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 50 (2000), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words:FUT2 gene — Secretor gene —α(1,2)Fucosyltransferase — Old polymorphism — Balancing selection — Neutrality test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. In human populations, a null allele having several nucleotide differences from the wild-type allele is segregating at the FUT2 locus (the ABO-Secretor locus) encoding α(1,2)fucosyltransferase. To estimate the age of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of these two alleles, we sequenced FUT2 homologues from chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and green monkey. Since we did not detect acceleration or any heterogeneity in the substitution rate at this locus among these species, the age of the MRCA was estimated to be around 3 MYA, assuming the divergence time of human and chimpanzee to be 5 MYA. We developed a simple test to examine whether or not the old age of the MRCA of the FUT2 is consistent with that expected for two divergent neutral alleles sampled from a random mating population. An application of the test to the data at FUT2 indicated that the age of the MRCA is too old to be explained by the simple neutral assumptions, although our test depends on accurate estimation of the divergence time of human and chimpanzee in units of twice the human population size. Various possibilities including balancing selection are discussed to explain this old age of the MRCA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002399910028
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactive mesh dragging with an adaptive remeshing technique (2000)
    Springer
    The visual computer 16 (2000), S. 159-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2315
    Keywords: Key words: Mesh editing – Remeshing – Free-form modelling – Geometric modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003710050205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular-Dynamics Approach to the Magnetic Structure of Competing Magnetic Alloys: Fe-Cr Alloys (2000)
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 30 (2000), S. 2079-2100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9516
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A molecular dynamics (MD) approach which determines automatically the complex magnetic structures in itinerant electron systems is applied to Fe-Cr alloys with use of 250 atoms in a MD unit cell (5×5×5 bcc lattice). It is demonstrated that the Fe-Cr alloys show various complex magnetic structures due to competing interactions: the collinear ferromagnetism (F) of matrix Fe with antiparallel Cr moments beyond 80 at.% Fe, the coexistence of non-collinear structure of Cr and collinear F of Fe between 50 and 75 at.% Fe, the coexistence of broken antiferromagnetism (AF) of Cr and the F of Fe between 25 and 45 at.% Fe, the coexistence of F of Fe and antiferromagnetic long-range order of Cr around 20 at.% Fe, the AF of Cr matrix with non-collinear Fe moments (spin-glass like structure) between 5 and 15 at.% Fe, and the AF below 5 at.% Fe. In the concentration region between 5 and 20 at.% Fe, ferromagnetic Fe pairs which are stabilized with different amplitudes of local moments are found. The magnetic phase diagram and calculated magnetic moments are shown to be consistent with the neutron, Mössbauer, and photoemission experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003741508020
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of isoamyl acetate-hydrolyzing esterase encoded by the IAH1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from a recombinant Escherichia coli (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 53 (2000), S. 596-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The IAH1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes an esterase that preferentially acts on isoamyl acetate; however, the enzyme has not yet been completely purified from the yeast S. cerevisiae. We constructed the IAH1 gene expression system in Escherichia coli, and purified the IAH1 gene product (Iah1p). The amount of Iah1p produced by recombinant E. coli was more than 40% of total cellular proteins. The molecular size of Iah1p was 28 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Judging from the molecular weight estimation by gel filtration of purified Iah1p, the enzyme was thought to be a homodimer. The K m values for isoamyl acetate and isobutyl acetate were 40.3 mM and 15.3 mM, respectively. The enzyme activity was inhibited by Hg2+, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and diisopropylfluorophosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051662
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-Term Effect of Vitamin K Administration on Prednisolone-Induced Loss of Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Chronic Glomerulonephritis (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Glucocorticoids — Osteoporosis — Prednisolone — Vitamin K.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis has been reported to be caused by enhanced bone resorption and suppressed bone formation. To clarify whether administration of vitamin K, which enhances bone formation, prevents prednisolone-induced loss of bone mineral density (BMD), a randomized, prospective, controlled study was conducted on 20 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis scheduled for treatment with prednisolone. All patients were initially treated with 0.8 mg/kg body weight/day of prednisolone (maximum of 40 mg) for 4 weeks, tapering to 20 mg/day over approximately 6 weeks. Ten patients received prednisolone alone (Group 1), and the other 10 patients received prednisolone plus 15 mg of menatetrenone, vitamin K, three times per day (Group 2). BMD of the lumbar spine measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in blood and urine were evaluated before and 10 weeks after administration of prednisolone alone or with menatetrenone. In Group 1, treatment with prednisolone significantly reduced BMD of the lumbar spine from 1.14 ± 0.12 to 1.10 ± 0.11 g/cm2 (P= 0.0029). Serum intact osteocalcin and procollagen type I C-peptide (PICP) concentrations, biochemical markers of bone formation, were markedly reduced. A biochemical marker of bone resorption, urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline, was significantly reduced. In Group 2, prednisolone-induced reduction of BMD was prevented by menatetrenone administration (1.09 ± 0.09 to 1.07 ± 0.07 g/cm2, P= 0.153). Menatetrenone prevented reduction of PICP concentration by prednisolone but not in serum intact osteocalcin concentration and urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline. Thus, treatment with prednisolone resulted in loss of BMD of the lumbar spine associated with suppression of both bone formation and bone resorption. Menatetrenone is a useful agent in preventing prednisolone-induced loss of BMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005832
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel truncated isoform of the mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP) from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words MASP ; Lectin pathway ; Complement ; Truncated form ; Alternative polyadenylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) play crucial roles in activation of the lectin pathway of the complement system. Mammals and Xenopus possess two distinct MASPs, MASP1 and MASP2, with different substrate specificity. Recently, a truncated form named MAp19 or sMAP, composed of N-terminal C1r/C1s/Uegf/bone morphogenetic protein (CUB)-1 and epidermal growth factor domains of MASP2, has been shown to be generated by alternative polyadenylation and splicing from the MASP2 gene. In the present study, we isolated cDNA encoding a novel MASP-related protein, designated MRP, from carp. MRP is distinct from MAp19/sMAP in containing two additional domains, CUB-2 and short concensus repeat (SCR)-1, followed by a unique C-terminal 21 amino acids, but resembles it by also lacking the serine protease domain, suggesting that carp MRP is a functional homologue of human MAp19/sMAP. Analyses of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified carp genomic DNA, from CUB-2 to SCR-2 of MASP, indicated that carp possess duplicated MASP genes, designated MASP-A and MASP-B, both of which contain an exon encoding the MRP-specific C-terminal stretch between the exons coding for SCR-1 and SCR-2 domains. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that both MASP genes of carp produce the two MASP isoforms, MASP and MRP, through alternative polyadenylation and splicing. The conservation of MASP isoforms that lack the catalytic domain in both carp and human implies that they meet an essential requirement in the MBL-MASP complex of the lectin pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050031
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of GAD65 peptides and I-Ag7 in the development of insulitis in nonobese diabetic mice (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 538-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words NOD mouse ; GAD65 ; I-Ag7 ; Peptide ; Vaccine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) develops in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice through the destruction of the B cells in pancreatic Langerhans islets by islet autoantigen-specific T cells. The islet autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) is thought to be a major target autoantigen in IDDM. In the present report, we established GAD65-specific T-cell clones using overlapping peptides that cover the amino acid sequences of mouse GAD65. T-cell epitopes of GAD65 were characterized by proliferation and binding assays using various analogue peptides and wild-type or mutant I-Ag7 transfectants. The efficacy of the peptide vaccine in IDDM was determined by administering T-cell epitope peptides to NOD mice and evaluating the histopathology of their insulitis. We obtained two types of T-cell clone, one specific for peptide p316–335 and another specific for p531–545 of GAD65. The p531–545 site has already been identified, but we report the p316–335 site for the first time. T-cell clones recognized those peptides in the wild-type I-Ag7 but not in the mutant I-Ag7 in which the serine at position 57 of the β-chain was replaced by an aspartic acid. Both the p316–335 and p531–545 peptides bound weakly to I-Ag7. Some peptides with amino acid substitutions had antagonistic activity, and administration of a large amount of wild-type peptide reduced the severity of insulitis in NOD mice. Our results suggest that peptide vaccine therapy may be useful in autoimmune diseases, including IDDM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510000173
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