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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (6)
  • 2015-2019  (2)
  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • 2017  (2)
  • 2000  (4)
  • 1
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    The ultraviolet environment of Mars: biological implications past, present, and future (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A radiative transfer model is used to quantitatively investigate aspects of the martian ultraviolet radiation environment, past and present. Biological action spectra for DNA inactivation and chloroplast (photosystem) inhibition are used to estimate biologically effective irradiances for the martian surface under cloudless skies. Over time Mars has probably experienced an increasingly inhospitable photobiological environment, with present instantaneous DNA weighted irradiances 3.5-fold higher than they may have been on early Mars. This is in contrast to the surface of Earth, which experienced an ozone amelioration of the photobiological environment during the Proterozoic and now has DNA weighted irradiances almost three orders of magnitude lower than early Earth. Although the present-day martian UV flux is similar to that of early Earth and thus may not be a critical limitation to life in the evolutionary context, it is a constraint to an unadapted biota and will rapidly kill spacecraft-borne microbes not covered by a martian dust layer. Microbial strategies for protection against UV radiation are considered in the light of martian photobiological calculations, past and present. Data are also presented for the effects of hypothetical planetary atmospheric manipulations on the martian UV radiation environment with estimates of the biological consequences of such manipulations.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); Volume 146; 2; 343-59
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Zr and Mo Isotopic Constraints on the Origins of Unusual Types of Presolar SiC Grains (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Zr and Mo isotopic compositions of 3 Type B and a unique presolar SiC grains are inconsistent with proposed stellar origins of these kinds of grains. A Type Z grain has a Mo isotopic composition consistent with its proposed origin.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI; LPI-Contrib-1000
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Toward Complete Isotopic Analysis of Individual Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains: C, N, Si, Sr, Zr, Mo, and Ba in Single Grains of Type X (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The isotopic compositions of Sr, Ba, Zr and Mo in single presolar SiC grains from supernovae are different from those expected from either of the dominant heavy element neutron capture nucleosynthesis mechanisms, the s-process and the r-process.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI; LPI-Contrib-1000
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Pyroclastics Northeast of Gassendi Crater: Discovery/Characteristics/Implications (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In our ongoing effort to better understand lunar volcanism on the Moon, we are investigating pyroclastic deposits in the Gassendi region. Interest in pyroclastics has remained high due to the availability of high-resolution data (LRO, Kaguya), which is used to build on previous remote sensing studies [e.g., 1, 2, 3] and also extensive studies of lunar pyroclastic glasses [4, 5]. Analyses conducted in the laboratory of pyroclastic spheres from several deposits show that this volcanic material had a greater depth of origin and lesser fractional crystallization than mare basalts [e.g., 4, 6]. Data indicates that pyroclastic glasses are the best examples of primitive materials on the Moon, and they are important for both characterizing the lunar interior and as a starting place for under-standing the origin and evolution of lunar basaltic magmatism [2].
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-38868 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 20, 2017 - Mar 24, 2017; The Woodlands, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Nutritional Status Assessment During the Phase IIA and Phase III Lunar/Mars Life Support Test Project (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Nutrition is a critical concern for extended-duration space missions (Smith and Lane, 1999). Loss of body weight is a primary consequence of altered nutrition, and is frequently observed during space flight (Smith and Lane; 1999). Other existing dietary concerns for space flight include excessive intakes of sodium and iron, and insufficient intakes of water and vitamin D (Smith and Lane, 1999). Furthermore, dependence on closed or semi-closed food systems increases the likelihood of inadequate intakes of key nutrients. This is a significant concern for extended-duration space missions. Space nutrition research often necessitates detailed recording of all food consumption. While this yields extremely accurate data, it requires considerable time and effort, and thus is not suitable for routine medical monitoring during space flight. To alleviate this problem, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was designed to provide a quick and easy, yet reasonably accurate, method for crewmembers to provide dietary intake information to the ground. We report here a study which was designed to assess nutritional status before, during, and after the 60-d and 91-d chamber stays. An additional goal of the study was to validate a food frequency questionnaire designed specifically for use with space flight food systems.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-20729
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Microstructural Constraints on the Formation History of Hibonite in Refractory Inclusions (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Hibonite is a primary refractory phase occurring in many Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs), typically with spinel and perovskite [1]. Previous mi-crostructural studies of hibonite in CAIs revealed the presence of numerous stacking defects along the (001) plane and correlated non-stoichiometry in hibonite [2,3]. These features are interpreted as complex inter-growths of stoichiometric and Ca-deficient hibonites, as shown by experimental studies of reaction-sintered CaO-Al2O3 compounds [4]. Here, we extend our transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies to hibonite-bearing CAIs in CM chondrites that have been well characterized isotopically [5-7]. In addition, we have undertaken a series of anneal-ing experiments to explore the effect of minor elements (Mg and Ti) on the microstucure of hibonite [8,9,this study]. The results of these experiments are being applied to hibonite in CAIs in order to better understand its formation conditions.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-38853 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 20, 2017 - Mar 24, 2017; The Woodlands, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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