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  • Articles  (102)
  • Elsevier  (73)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (15)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (14)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 2000-2004  (102)
  • 2002  (47)
  • 2000  (55)
  • Physics  (102)
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  • Articles  (102)
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  • 2000-2004  (102)
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  • 1
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    Another Unmet Public Health Need (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-17
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decay of the daughter electromagnetic wave driven by stimulated Raman scattering into two Langmuir waves (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2759-2762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Much attention has been focused on the saturation of stimulated Raman scattering by the decay of its daughter waves. This research has almost exclusively dealt with the decay of the daughter Langmuir wave into secondary Langmuir waves and ion acoustic waves. In this Letter, the decay of the Raman driven electromagnetic wave into two Langmuir waves, two-plasmon decay, is discussed for the first time. It is shown that based on the stimulated Raman scattering reflectivity levels measured in experiments, this instability should be present in current laser–plasma experiments. In addition, experimental signatures of this process are discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874174
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rotation on H-mode transport in DIII–D via changes in the E×B velocity shear (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 128-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of rotation on the heat and particle transport is measured in the DIII–D tokamak [Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)] for high-confinement mode (H-mode) plasmas with edge localized modes. In a novel experiment, transport is compared for nearly identical scans of the relative gyroradius in co- and counter-rotating plasmas. Since the plasma profiles are the same, the difference in the transport scaling can be attributed to changes in the sheared E×B flow caused by the shift in the toroidal plasma velocity. The ion heat and particle transport are found to be sensitive to the change in the rotation direction and magnitude whereas the electron heat transport is not. Simulations using a gyroLandau-fluid drift wave transport model show that the variation in the ion heat transport for co/counter rotation is due to changes in the E×B shear stabilization, but the electrons appear to be governed by a different transport mechanism. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1421077
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustained rotational stabilization of DIII-D plasmas above the no-wall beta limit : Review,Tutorial and Invited Papers from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 1997-2005 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sustained stabilization of the n=1 kink mode by plasma rotation at beta approaching twice the stability limit calculated without a wall has been achieved in DIII-D by a combination of error field reduction and sufficient rotation drive. Previous experiments have transiently exceeded the no-wall beta limit. However, demonstration of sustained rotational stabilization has remained elusive because the rotation has been found to decay whenever the plasma is wall stabilized. Recent theory [Boozer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5059 (2001)] predicts a resonant response to error fields in a plasma approaching marginal stability to a low-n kink mode. Enhancement of magnetic nonaxisymmetry in the plasma leads to strong damping of the toroidal rotation, precisely in the high-beta regime where it is needed for stabilization. This resonant response, or "error field amplification" is demonstrated in DIII-D experiments: applied n=1 radial fields cause enhanced plasma response and strong rotation damping at beta above the no wall limit but have little effect at lower beta. The discovery of an error field amplification has led to sustained operation above the no-wall limit through improved magnetic field symmetrization using an external coil set. The required symmetrization is determined both by optimizing the external currents with respect to the plasma rotation and by use of feedback to detect and minimize the plasma response to nonaxisymmetric fields as beta increases. Ideal stability analysis and rotation braking experiments at different beta values show that beta is maintained 50% higher than the no wall stability limit for durations greater than 1 s, and approaches beta twice the no-wall limit in several cases, with steady-state rotation levels. The results suggest that improved magnetic-field symmetry could allow plasmas to be maintained well above no-wall beta limit for as long as sufficient torque is provided. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1446036
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum, many-body, finite-temperature perturbation theory for an electron–ion system (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 68-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The expansion in powers of the electron charge, e, for a neutral system of electrons (fermions) and ions (Maxwell–Boltzmann particles) is extended to order e4 for arbitrary values of temperature and density. The methods of calculation of the series terms will be illustrated, and some of the consequences of these results will be discussed. The ionization profile so derived, at least at high temperatures, will be contrasted with Saha theory. Some special features of hydrogen related to the possible plasma phase transition will be noted. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873819
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of diagnostic hole-closure in Z-pinch driven hohlraums (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 681-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this article we investigate the partial closure of diagnostic holes in Z-pinch driven hohlraums. These hohlraums differ from current laser-driven hohlraums in a number of ways such as their larger size, greater x-ray drive energy, and lower temperature. Although the diameter of the diagnostic holes on these Z-pinch driven hohlraums can be much greater than their laser-driven counterparts, 4 mm in diameter or larger, radiation impinges on the wall material surrounding the hole for the duration of the Z pinch, nearly 100 ns. This incident radiation causes plasma to ablate from the hohlraum walls surrounding the diagnostic hole and partially obscure this diagnostic hole. This partial obscuration reduces the effective area over which diagnostics view the hohlraum's radiation. This reduction in area can lead to an underestimation of the wall temperature when nonimaging diagnostics such as x-ray diodes and bolometers are used to determine power and later to infer a wall temperature. In this article we describe the techniques used to characterize the hole-closure in these hohlraums and present the experimental measurements of this process. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873852
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic behavior of nanostructured Fe films measured by magnetic dichroism (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 3414-3417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic properties of Fe nanostructured films have been studied using magnetic linear and circular dichroism in x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The samples were prepared by the deposition of nanoscale Fe clusters, size 1–4 nm, onto thin Cu films. The linear dichroism, which is used to measure the in-plane magnetization, increases with increasing film thickness, with a sharp increase between 1 and 1.5 ML coverage. The circular dichroism, which measures the out-of-plane magnetization, is zero within the experimental error at all thicknesses studied. Capping an Fe film with an ultrathin Pd layer results in a factor of 3 decrease of the linear dichroism response. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1288230
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The construction of a gas aggregation source for the preparation of size-selected nanoscale transition metal clusters (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3178-3183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design and operation of a gas aggregation source is described. The source combines the attributes of high-temperature operation (enabling preparation of transition metal clusters), mass selection, ultrahigh vacuum compatibility, and transportability. This makes it ideally suited to in situ studies such as scanning tunneling microscope or synchrotron radiation experiments. Data are presented to illustrate the performance of the source; recent results obtained in synchrotron radiation studies are highlighted. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1304868
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The "Compact Toroid Injection Experiment" tomographic imaging system (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4119-4126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design, construction and operation of a tomographic imaging system on the Compact Toroid Injection Experiment is described. The system measures the total radiated power over energies from visible light up into the extreme ultraviolet. It then reconstructs two dimensional profiles from the data. The reconstruction routine is based on a method known as second order regularization which finds a compromise between smoothness and fit to the data. This method was found to have the best overall fidelity to test images. The hardware and overall reconstruction were calibrated using two different sources. First results from the system under real experimental conditions are presented. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1318920
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method for repairing Mo/Si multilayer thin film phase defects in reticles for extreme ultraviolet lithography (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The development of a nearly defect-free reticle blank is an important challenge facing extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The core element of an EUVL reticle blank is the reflective Mo/Si multilayer film, and deposition of Mo/Si on very small substrate defects can result in critical Mo/Si phase defects. In this article we present a method for repairing Mo/Si multilayer film phase defects in EUVL reticle blanks. An electron beam is used to deposit energy in the immediate vicinity of the defect, producing a small local contraction of the layer thicknesses due to silicide formation at the Mo/Si interfaces. We show in simulations that this contraction can significantly reduce the original structural deformation. We also present experimental results showing that it is possible to use an electron beam to controllably produce depressions in Mo/Si with nanometer-scale depths, and that this can be achieved without significantly impairing the reflective properties of the Mo/Si multilayer films. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1419265
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