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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 73 (1999), S. 109-117 
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Multivariate Gauss ; Markoff model ; Eigenvalue decomposition ; Principal-component analysis ; Data reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. Geodetic adjustment problems frequently require the solution of large systems of linear equations. An approximation method is presented based on the decomposition of the estimated covariance matrix of the observation matrix, calculated in a pre-processing step, into a system of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Neglecting the non-dominant eigenvalues and the assigned eigenvectors, the matrix of the residuals is approximated applying the synthesis formula of principal-component analysis. Although the number of observation vectors in the multivariate Gauss–Markoff model is drastically reduced, all unknown parameters are estimated approximately. The described method is tested using a numerical example of satellite altimetry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plasmas and polymers 4 (1999), S. 259-268 
    ISSN: 1572-8978
    Keywords: Plasma mass spectrometry ; organo-silicon compounds ; electron impact ; kinetic excess energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A technique is described, which supports the plasma mass spectrometry to distinguish possible sources of ion peaks found in the mass spectrum of the neutral gas. The proposed method is based on the measurement of the kinetic energy which the fragment ions gain during dissociative ionization by electron impact inside the ion source of the spectrometer. This approach is of special interest for applications in plasma processes such as plasma assisted deposition or etching techniques where complicated molecules are involved. The principle of the method is demonstrated and discussed for the examination of various fragment ions as CH3 +, C2H2 +, C2H3 +, C2H5 + and CH3O+ in the neutral gas spectrum of an 13.56 MHz rf discharge in an Argon-Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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