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  • Springer  (62)
  • 1995-1999  (62)
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  • 1999  (62)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural study of fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus tokida (1999)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 16 (1999), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Keywords: fucoidan ; sulfated fucan ; seaweed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A structural study was carried out on a fucoidan isolated from the brown seaweed Cladosiphon okamuranus. The polysaccharide contained fucose, glucuronic acid and sulfate in a molar ratio of about 6.1 : 1.0 : 2.9. The results of Smith degradation showed that this polysaccharide has a linear backbone of 1→3-linked α-fucopyranose with a half sulfate substitution at the 4-positions, and a portion of the fucose residues was O-acetylated. The data obtained from partial acid hydrolysis, a methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicated that the α-glucuronic acid residue is linked to the 2-positions of the fucose residues, which were not substituted by a sulfate group. These results indicated that the average structure of this fucoidan is as follows: -[(→3Fuc-4(±OSO3-)α1−)5→3[GlcAα1→2]Fucα1−]n−. (Half of each fucose residue was sulfated. One O-acetyl ester was present in every 6 fucose residues.)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006945618657
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The carbon origin of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi estimated from δ13C values of individual spores (1999)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 9 (1999), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; Carbon origin ; δ13C ; C3 plant ; C4 plant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The origin of carbon in the spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was quantified based on their obligate symbiosis with C3 and C4 plants showing clearly different δ13C values. The δ13C values of individual spores of the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita were analyzed. In monoculture pots of a C3 or a C4 plant species, spore δ13C values were ca. 3.5‰ lower than those of host roots. In coculture pots of a C3 and a C4 plant species, spore δ13C values varied between those of the roots of C3 and C4 plants, and increased linearly from the C3 to the proximity of the C4 plant (P〈0.01). This reflects the higher δ13C values in C4 plants than in C3 plants. Thus the carbon origin of G. margarita spores changed with growth state and combination of host plants. In the presence of fresh plant residue instead of living host plants, spore δ13C values did not vary with distance from the residue. This finding supports the current view that AM fungi are obligate symbionts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050261
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A characterization of all homogeneous real hypersurfaces in a complex projective space by observing the extrinsic shape of geodesics (1999)
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 73 (1999), S. 303-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. We will give a characterization of all homogeneous real hypersurfaces in a complex projective space by observing the extrinsic shape of geodesics with initial vectors lying in the maximal holomorphic subspace of the tangent space at each point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000130050402
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression and secretion of a biologically active mouse sonic hedgehog protein by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 410-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have successfully secreted the amino-terminal functional domain of mouse sonic hedgehog protein (SHH) into culture fluid using a yeast Pichiapastoris expression system. A cDNA fragment encoding the amino-terminal domain of mouse SHH was inserted downstream of the Saccharomyces cerevisiaeα-mating factor secretion signal. The DNA fragment was introduced into the host genome by the spheroplast transformation method. Transformants were selected based on their resistance to G418. His+ transformants which showed resistance to over 8 mg G418/ml were selected and analyzed for determination of the plasmid copy number. One His+ clone which has eight copies of the expression cassette per genome was cultured in minimal medium deficient for histidine, and further cultured in buffered medium supplemented with methanol which activates the AOX1 promoter. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated efficient expression and secretion of mouse SHH into culture fluid. The yield of secreted SHH was estimated to be 50 μg/ml. Purified protein was assayed for biological activity and found to activate the transcription of the Patched genes (Ptc-1 and Ptc-2) encoding receptors for SHH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051539
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequencing, expression, and transcription analysis of the Clostridium paraputrificum chiA gene encoding chitinase ChiA (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 340-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Immediately (17 bp) upstream of the Clostridium paraputrificum chiB gene [J. Bacteriol. 179: 7306–7314 (1997)], we found another chitinase gene chiA encoding chitinase A (ChiA). The chiA gene consists of an open reading frame of 2496 nucleotides and encodes 832 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 92 585 Da. The mature ChiA is a modular enzyme composed of a family-18 catalytic domain responsible for chitinase activity, two cadherin-like domains, and a chitin-binding domain. The domain organization of ChiA is fundamentally identical to that of ChiB and the overall sequence identity between them is 35.4%. ChiA was purified from the periplasm fraction of Escherichia coli harboring the chiA gene. The molecular mass of purified ChiA (89 000 Da), determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, was in good agreement with the value (89 119 Da) calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence, excluding the signal peptide. Immunological and N-terminal amino acid sequence analyses revealed that ChiA and ChiB are major chitinases of C. paraputrificum and their production is inducible by ball-milled chitin. Northern blot analysis indicated that the chiA and chiB genes constitute a polycistronic operon. Primer-extension analysis confirmed that the transcription of this operon starts upstream of chiA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051400
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequences of two contiguous and highly homologous xylanase genes xynA and xynB and characterization of XynA from Clostridium thermocellum (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 348-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A 5.7-kbp region of the Clostridium thermocellum F1 DNA was sequenced and found to contain two contiguous and highly homologous xylanase genes, xynA and xynB. The xynA gene encoding the xylanase XynA consists of 2049 bp and encodes a protein of 683 amino acids with a molecular mass of 74 511 Da, and the xynB gene encoding the xylanase XynB consists of 1371 bp and encodes a protein of 457 amino acids with a molecular mass of 49 883 Da. XynA is a modular enzyme composed of a typical N-terminal signal peptide and four domains in the following order: a family-11 xylanase domain, a family-VI cellulose-binding domain, a dockerin domain, and a NodB domain. XynB exhibited extremely high overall sequence homology with XynA (identity 96.9%), while lacking the NodB domain present in the latter. These facts suggested that the xynA and xynB genes originated from a common ancestral gene through gene duplication. XynA was purified from a recombinant Escherichia coli strain and characterized. The purified enzyme was highly active toward xylan; the specific activity on oat-spelt xylan was 689 units/mg protein. Immunological and zymogram analyses suggested that XynA and XynB are components of the C. thermocellum F1 cellulosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051401
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N -glycosylation is involved in the sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to HM-1 killer toxin secreted from Hansenula mrakii IFO 0895 (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 176-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae rhk mutants were previously shown to have a phenotype that is resistant to HM-1 killer toxin secreted from Hansenula mrakii IFO 0895. The RHK1/ALG3 gene encodes a mannosyltransferase that is involved in the synthesis of an oligosaccharide in protein N-glycosylation. Previously, this gene was cloned and shown to complement the rhk1 mutation. In this study, the RHK2 gene, which complements the rhk2 mutation, was cloned. The RHK2 gene was found to be identical to the essential gene STT3, which encodes a subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex. This complex transfers the core oligosaccharide to proteins. The rhk2 mutants showed supersensitivity to several drugs (Calcofluor White, caffeine and FK506), suggesting that these strains have cell-wall defects. Activity staining of invertase in an acrylamide gel indicated that it was underglycosylated. These results suggest that one or more mannoproteins are involved in the cytocidal process of HM-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051379
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prednisolone Induces an Increase in Serum Calcium Concentration: Possible Involvement of the Kidney, the Bone, and the Intestine (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Calcium — Prednisolone — Glucocorticoids — Parathyroid hormone — Osteocalcin — Vitamin D.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. To evaluate the early effect of glucocorticoids on calcium metabolism, 15 subjects aged 22–58 years (5 males, 10 females) with chronic glomerulonephritis were orally treated with 40 mg daily of prednisolone. Five of these subjects were diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome and none had a serum creatinine concentration of more than 1.4 mg/dl. Serum specimens and 24-hour urine specimens were obtained just before and 24 hours after a single oral dose of prednisolone. Serum calcium, ionized calcium, phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), intact osteocalcin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), and urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, and deoxypyridinoline were measured. Both serum calcium and ionized calcium concentrations were significantly increased from 4.39 ± 0.10 to 4.47 ± 0.09 mEq/liter (P= 0.037) and from 2.48 ± 0.04 to 2.55 ± 0.04 mEq/liter (P= 0.002), respectively, 24 hours following a single oral dose of prednisolone. Serum intact PTH concentration slightly decreased, but the difference was not significant by statistical analysis. Serum intact osteocalcin concentration was markedly suppressed. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline. Serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration measured in five patients was significantly increased. No significant changes in urinary excretion of calcium was observed in the face of these findings. It thus follows that a single oral dose of prednisolone administration increases serum calcium and ionized calcium concentrations, possibly mediated by suppressed bone formation, increased intestinal absorption of calcium, and impaired urinary excretion of calcium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900696
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic contribution of the BAT2 gene microsatellite polymorphism to the age-at-onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1999)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 105 (1999), S. 197-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The BAT2 gene lies within the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex. We investigated the frequency of the BAT2 microsatellite alleles (BAT2) in 74 young-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients, 51 adult-onset IDDM patients, and 85 normal control subjects, and assessed the associations among these BAT2 alleles, TNFa microsatellite alleles (TNFa), and HLA-DRB1 alleles. The frequency of the BAT2.9 allele was significantly increased in the young-onset IDDM patients (12.8 vs 4.1%, Pc=0.04896), whereas the frequency of BAT2.12 allele was significantly decreased in young-onset IDDM patients (0.0 vs 11.8%, Pc=0.00002) compared with control subjects. The BAT2.9 allele was strongly associated with TNFa9 in the young-onset IDDM patients, although no association was found between the BAT2.9 and HLA-DRB1 alleles. The BAT2.12 allele was strongly associated with TNFa13, and with DRB1*1502 in control subjects. These results suggest that the BAT2 microsatellite polymorphism is associated with the age-at-onset of IDDM and possibly with the inflammatory process of pancreatic β-cell destruction during the development of IDDM. However, this association is not independent of TNFa polymorphisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004399900100
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel mutation of the doublecortin gene in Japanese patients with X-linked lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia (1999)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 104 (1999), S. 341-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The doublecortin (DCX) gene was recently found to be involved in patients with X-linked lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia or double cortex syndrome. We have studied the coding regions of the DCX gene in 11 Japanese patients with cortical dysplasia and have identified three different mutations (R186C in exon 3, R272X and R303X in exon 5) in four sporadic female cases. R272X, which has been detected in two unrelated cases, is a novel mutation. Although the number of cases studied remains limited, exon 5 may be a common mutational site in Japanese patients in contrast to many previus reports concerning exons 2 and 3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050963
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