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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (3)
  • Propellants and Fuels  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
  • 1999  (5)
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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1999  (5)
  • 1
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    Survival of life on asteroids, comets and other small bodies (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The ability of living organisms to survive on the smaller bodies in our solar system is examined. The three most significant sterilizing effects include ionizing radiation, prolonged extreme vacuum, and relentless thermal inactivation. Each could be effectively lethal, and even more so in combination, if organisms at some time resided in the surfaces of airless small bodies located near or in the inner solar system. Deep within volatile-rich bodies, certain environments theoretically might provide protection of dormant organisms against these sterilizing factors. Sterility of surface materials to tens or hundreds of centimeters of depth appears inevitable, and to greater depths for bodies which have resided for long periods sunward of about 2 A.U.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere : the journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSN 0169-6149); Volume 29; 5; 521-45
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Results of the First Astronaut-Rover (ASRO) Field Experiment: Lessons and Directions for the Human Exploration of Mars (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The first Astronaut-Rover Interaction field experiment (hereafter designated as the ASRO project) took place Feb. 22-27, 1999, in Silver Lake, Mojave Desert, CA. The ASRO project is the result of a joint project between NASA Ames Research Center and Johnson Space Center. In the perspective of the Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS) of the Solar System, this interaction - the astronaut and the rover as a complementary and interactive team - in the field is critical to assess but had never been tested before the Silver Lake experiment. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: The Fifth International Conference on Mars; LPI-Contrib-972
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Microcalorimetric Measurements of Hydrogen Peroxide Stability (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Recent interest in propellants with nontoxic reaction products has led to a resurgence of interest in hydrogen peroxide for various propellant applications. Because hydrogen peroxide is sensitive to contaminants and materials interactions, stability and shelf life are issues. A relatively new, ultrasensitive heat measurement technique, isothermal microcalorimetry, is being used at the White Sands Test Facility to monitor the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at near ambient temperatures. Isothermal microcalorimetry measures the beat flow from a reaction vessel into a surrounding heat sink. In these applications, microcalorimetry is approximately 1,000 times more sensitive than accelerating rate calorimetry or differential scanning calorimetry for measuring thermal events. Experimental procedures have been developed for the microcalorimetric measurement of the ultra-small beat effects caused by incompatible interactions of hydrogen peroxide. The decomposition rates of hydrogen peroxide at the picomole/sec/gram level have been measured showing the effects of stabilizers and peroxide concentration. Typical measurements are carried out at 40 C over a 24-hour period, This paper describes a method for the conversion of the heat flow measurements to chemical reaction rates based on thermochemical considerations. The reaction rates are used in a study of the effects of stabilizer levels on the decomposition of propellant grade hydrogen peroxide.
    Keywords: Propellants and Fuels
    Type: Hydrogen Peroxide Propulsion; Nov 07, 1999 - Nov 10, 1999; West Lafayette, IN; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Recent Developments in Chemically Reactive Sensors for Propellants (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Propellant system leaks can pose a significant hazard in aerospace operations. For example, a leak in the hydrazine supply system of the shuttle auxiliary power unit (APU) has resulted in hydrazine ignition and fire in the aft compartment of the shuttle. Sensors indicating the location of a leak could provide valuable information required for operational decisions. WSTF has developed a small, single-use sensor for detection of propellant leaks. The sensor is composed of a thermistor bead coated with a substance which is chemically reactive with the propellant. The reactive thermistor is one of a pair of closely located thermistors, the other being a reference. On exposure to the propellant, the reactive coating responds exothermically to it and increases the temperature of the coated-thermistor by several degrees. The temperature rise is sensed by a resistive bridge circuit, and an alarm is registered by data acquisition software. The concept is general and has been applied to sensors for hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine, unsym-dimethylhydrazine, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, and dinitrogen tetroxide. Responses of these sensors to humidity, propellant concentration, distance from the liquid leak, and ambient pressure levels arc presented. A multi-use sensor has also been developed for hydrazine based on its catalytic reactivity with noble metals.
    Keywords: Propellants and Fuels
    Type: 49th JANNEF Propulsion Meeting; Dec 15, 1999 - Dec 17, 1999; Tucson, AZ; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Atmospheric Dynamics of Venus: Scales Large and Small (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Over the past 30 years, Gerald Schubert has made significant contributions to the understanding of Venus atmospheric dynamics. His research of Venus' atmosphere spans spatial scales both large and small, including: Venus westward atmospheric superrotation, Planetary scale waves and the global "Y" ultraviolet feature, Wind streaks and the global circulation of the lower atmosphere, Mesoscale convection in the clouds of Venus, Vertical propagation of small-scale internal gravity waves, and Interaction between small-scale dynamics and the large-scale mean flow. Furthermore, his role as Principal Investigator of the Pioneer Venus Working Group on Structure and Circulation in the late 1970's and early 1980's was instrumental in the advancement of our understanding of Venus' atmosphere. The Pioneer Venus work serves as the cornerstone of our view of Venus atmospheric dynamics today. This paper will review Jerry's extensive research on Venus' atmosphere. In addition, recent results on convectively generated internal gravity waves will be presented that combine his lifelong, interest in both large-scale and small-scale dynamics. It will be shown that small-scale internal gravity waves generated by convection within the clouds of Venus decelerate the westward superrotation below the clouds. Thus, mechanisms that support the Venus westward superrotation must overcome the influence of small-scale dynamics in the lower atmosphere.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Dec 13, 1999 - Dec 17, 1999; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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