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  • Astronomy  (4)
  • Pharmaceutical care  (2)
  • wetland  (2)
  • *Communicable Disease Control/trends  (1)
  • Abuse  (1)
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1999  (11)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abuse/misuse of non‐prescription drugs (1999)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 21 (1999), S. 251-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Abuse ; Misuse ; Non‐prescription medicines ; Over‐the‐counter products ; Pharmacist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Aim: To investigate the abuse of non‐prescription (over‐the‐counter; OTC) products in Northern Ireland. Method: A structured questionnaire covering various aspects of OTC drug abuse was mailed to all 509 community pharmacies in Northern Ireland. Results: 253 responses were received (response rate 49.7%) after two mailings. Pharmacists named 112 OTC products they perceived were being abused in Northern Ireland. These were classified into 8 groups, with opioids, antihistamines and laxatives the most frequently reported. The frequency of abuse of all product groups was perceived to be either increasing or static. The number of clients suspected of abuse over a three‐month period ranged from 0 to 700 (median=10, mode=6) with 55% being regular customers. Pharmacists employed several methods to limit patient access to products of abuse. The most common technique was to keep the product out of sight. Others included additional client questioning, providing advice and limiting the quantity of product sold. The majority of respondents agreed their role could be extended to include other methods of dealing with abusers, including participation in harm‐reduction programmes to wean abusers off products. Geographical region and location of pharmacy were not significant factors in the abuse of OTC products. Conclusions: Pharmacists in Northern Ireland perceive abuse and misuse of OTC products to be occurring in practice. Current methods employed for dealing with it are inadequate. Research into methods of effectively dealing with OTC abuse/misuse is required and has commenced on the basis of these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008788726842
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A self‐reported work sampling study in community pharmacy practice (1999)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 21 (1999), S. 210-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Barriers ; Community pharmacy ; Pharmaceutical care ; Self‐reporting ; Work sampling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Lack of time to implement pharmaceutical care has been cited as a barrier to the routine provision of this extended patient‐care service. Using self‐reported work sampling methodology, this study investigated how community pharmacists utilise their time. Pharmacists working in community pharmacies in the Greater Belfast area were found to spend approximately 49% of their time engaged in professional activities, 29% in semi‐professional activities and 22% involved in non‐professional activities. The activity to which pharmacists devoted the majority of their time was product assembly and labelling, this being a task which can be performed by trained technical staff. Only 9.5% of community pharmacists' time was devoted to counselling patients on their prescription medicines. Wide variation in the amount of time apportioned to each activity was observed between the participating community pharmacists (n=30). Staffing levels within the community pharmacy were found to significantly influence pharmacists' involvement in a number of activities, with pharmacists who worked in pharmacies employing multiple pharmacists devoting more time to the assembly and labelling of products and less time to administrative tasks, non‐professional encounters and to miscellaneous professional activities. Pharmacists working in pharmacies with a high prescription turnover were found to devote significantly less time to counselling patients regarding OTC products and in responding to patient symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008760306052
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance that community pharmacists in Malta place on the introduction of pharmaceutical care (1999)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 21 (1999), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Pharmaceutical care ; Modified behavioural pharmaceutical care scale ; Community pharmacy ; Patient care
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The results from a study to assess the importance Maltese pharmacists placed on various aspects of pharmaceutical care and their willingness to provide such care are reported. A modified version of the Behavioural Pharmaceutical Care Scale (BPCS) questionnaire (consisting of three dimensions and 14 domains( was mailed to the 198 privately owned community pharmacies in Malta. A total of 99 questionnaires were returned following two reminder telephone calls. Pharmacists were asked to score the importance of each pharmaceutical care activity contained in the modified BPCS on a 6 point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5. The overall score for the questionnaire, which illustrated the importance pharmacists attributed to various aspects of pharmaceutical care, ranged from 90 to 170 with a mean score of 134.8. There was little difference recorded between the scores for the three dimensions. The Referral and Consultation domain recorded a slightly higher score than the other two domains. Younger pharmacists obtained significantly higher scores (p〉0.05; Kruskal‐Wallis test) in the Verification of Patient Understanding domain. Approximately 72% of respondents indicated that they were willing to provide pharmaceutical care, but remarked that a number of issues e.g. reimbursement, qualified support staff, GP‐pharmacist co‐operation, had to be addressed. A series of strategic steps are needed to help pharmacists resolve these issues before pharmaceutical care programmes could be offered by Maltese community pharmacists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008658726755
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrous oxide emissions from a gully mire in mid-Wales, UK, under simulated summer drought (1999)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 44 (1999), S. 151-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: ammonium ; climate change ; drought ; groundwater table ; nitrate ; nitrous oxide ; wetland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Certain general circulation models predict that a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will increase the frequency of summer drought in northern wetlands due to hotter, drier summers. There is currently much uncertainty as to how drought will affect emissions of the greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, from wetlands. We have demonstrated that an eight centimetre drawdown of the water table in a gully mire does not significantly affect nitrous oxide emissions from this site. However, under a more extreme drought scenario carried out on peat monoliths, nitrous oxide emissions increased exponentially with a linear decrease in water table height. Drought caused a significant increase in nitrous oxide production below the water table but most of the total increase could be attributed to increased emissions above the water table. Results from an acetylene block experiment suggested that increased emissions were caused by increased nitrous oxide production from denitrification, rather than by increased production from nitrification. In the laboratory study, drought severity had no effect on peatwater nitrate concentrations below the water table, however, increasing drought severity decreased ammonium concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006031731037
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrous oxide emissions from a gully mire in mid-Wales, UK, under simulated summer drought (1999)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 44 (1999), S. 151-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: ammonium ; climate change ; drought ; groundwater table ; nitrate ; nitrous oxide ; wetland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Certain general circulation models predict that a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will increase the frequency of summer drought in northern wetlands due to hotter, drier summers. There is currently much uncertainty as to how drought will affect emissions of the greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, from wetlands. We have demonstrated that an eight centimetre drawdown of the water table in a gully mire does not significantly affect nitrous oxide emissions from this site. However, under a more extreme drought scenario carried out on peat monoliths, nitrous oxide emissions increased exponentially with a linear decrease in water table height. Drought caused a significant increase in nitrous oxide productionbelow the water table but most of the total increase could be attributed to increased emissionsabove the water table. Results from an acetylene block experiment suggested that increased emissions were caused by increased nitrous oxide production from denitrification, rather than by increased production from nitrification. In the laboratory study, drought severity had no effect on peatwater nitrate concentrations below the water table, however, increasing drought severity decreased ammonium concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992976
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  • 6
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    Emerging infectious diseases: public health issues for the 21st century (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: Infectious diseases are the third leading cause of death in the United States and the leading cause worldwide. As the new millennium approaches, the public health community must replenish capacity depleted during years of inadequate funding while simultaneously incorporating new technologies and planning for the longer term. Among the challenges facing the public health community is the need for coordinated, global, multisectoral approaches to preventing and controlling complex infectious disease problems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Binder, S -- Levitt, A M -- Sacks, J J -- Hughes, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1311-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), F-22, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. scb1@cdc.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communicable Disease Control/trends ; *Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/mortality ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Environmental Health ; Global Health ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; *Public Health Practice ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States/epidemiology ; Vaccination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
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    Innovative Contamination Certification of Multi-Mission Flight Hardware (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Maintaining contamination certification of multi-mission flight hardware is an innovative approach to controlling mission costs. Methods for assessing ground induced degradation between missions have been employed by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Project for the multi-mission (servicing) hardware. By maintaining the cleanliness of the hardware between missions, and by controlling the materials added to the hardware during modification and refurbishment both project funding for contamination recertification and schedule have been significantly reduced. These methods will be discussed and HST hardware data will be presented.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: 20th Space Simulation Conference: The Changing Testing Paradigm; 1-13; NASA/CP-1999-208598
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    ASCA Observations of LMC SNRS (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present our first results from a study of the supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using data from ASCA. The three remnants we have analyzed to date, 0509-67.5, 0519-69.0, and N103B, are among the smallest, and presumably also the youngest, in the Cloud. The X-ray spectra of these SNRs show strong K(alpha) emission lines of silicon, sulfur, argon, and calcium with no evidence for corresponding lines of oxygen, neon, or magnesium. The dominant feature in the spectra is a broad blend of emission lines around 1 keV which we attribute to L-shell emission lines of iron. Model calculations (Nomoto, Thielemann, & Yokoi 1984) show that the major products of nucleosynthesis in Type Ia supernovae (SNs) are the elements from silicon to iron, as observed here. The calculated nucleosynthetic yields from Type Ib and II SNs are shown to be qualitatively inconsistent with the data. We conclude that the SNs which produced these remnants were of Type Ia. This finding also confirms earlier suggestions that the class of Balmer-dominated remnants arise from Type Ia SN explosions. Based an these early results from the LMC SNR sample, we find that roughly one-half of the SNRs produced in the LMC within the last approximately 1500 yr came from Type Ia SNs.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    ROSAT PSPC and HRI Observations of Supernova Remnant G292.0+1.8 (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The supernova remnant G292.0+1.8 was observed by the ROSAT PSPC for 18 ksec as part of this grant. Considerable effort was put into the analysis of the PSPC spectra. The major work went into nonequilibrium ionization joint spectral fits with the Einstein SSS and EXOSAT ME data which indicated that the two spatial regions of this remnant (a central bar and a plateau region covering a larger extent) had similar abundances, but different excitation conditions (temperature and ionization state), an important conclusion, if true. Unfortunately as this work was being finished, new ASCA data revealed the presence of a previously unknown, spectrally hard X-ray source near the center of the remnant which contaminated the SSS and ME data and as a consequence made our detailed spectral analysis done up until then un-publishable. We searched for evidence of this hard source in the PSPC data both spectrally and using timing searches (for a pulsar), but found nothing significant. ROSAT HRI data were also obtained on this remnant. These data were compared to the Einstein HRI data to search for evidence of spectral variations with position and possible expansion of the X-ray remnant. One feature in the remnant appears to have changed in brightness although it is not clear what is the cause of the change. No evidence for the hard ASCA source was apparent in the HRI data.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    ASCA Observations of W44 (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We report the detection, using data from the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA), of a hard X-ray source in the vicinity of the radio pulsar PSR B1853+01, which is located within the supernova remnant (SNR) W44. PSR B1853+01, a 267 ms pulsar, has to date been detected only in the radio band. Previous observations at soft X-ray energies (e.g., with ROSAT HRI) have failed to detect any significant X-ray emission (pulsed or unpulsed) from the pulsar. In addition, no high-energy emission (approx. 〉 4 keV) has been detected previously from W44. Over the 0.5-4.0 keV band, the ASCA data show soft thermal emission from W44, with a morphology very similar to that observed earlier by Einstein and ROSAT. In the high-energy band (4.0-9.5 keV), the SNR is, for the most part, invisible, although a source coincident with the position of PSR B1853+01 is evident. The observed ASCA spectra are consistent with a power-law origin (photon index approx. 2.3) for the X-ray emission from this source at a flux level (flux density approx. 0.5 micro Jy at I keV) consistent with previous upper limits. The maximum allowed size for the source is determined directiv from the ASCA data (〈5 min.), while the minimum size is derived from the nondetection of a point source in the ROSAT HRI data (approx. 〉 30 sec.). Timing analysis of the hard X-ray source failed to detect pulsations at the pulsar's period. Based on these lines of evidence, we conclude that the new hard source in W44 represents an X-ray synchrotron nebula associated with PSR B1853+01, rather than the beamed output of the pulsar itself. This discoverv adds W44 to the small group of previously known plerionic SNRs This nebula lies at the low end of, but is consistent with, the correlation between X-ray luminosity and pulsar spin-down energy loss found for such objects, lending further support to our interpretation.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Contrib-595
    Format: application/pdf
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