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Observation of growth modes during metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of GaN (1999)

Stephenson, G. B. ; Eastman, J. A. ; Thompson, C. ; [et al.]

Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 3326-3328

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ISSN: 1077-3118

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: We present real-time surface x-ray scattering measurements during homoepitaxial growth of GaN by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. We observed intensity oscillations corresponding to the completion of each monolayer during layer-by-layer growth. The growth rate was found to be temperature independent and Ga-transport limited. Transitions between step-flow, layer-by-layer, and three-dimensional growth modes were determined as a function of temperature and growth rate. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123333

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Aminolaevulinic Acid-induced Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus and Adenocarcinoma (1999)

Ackroyd, R. ; Brown, N.J. ; Davis, M.F. ; [et al.]

Springer

Lasers in medical science 14 (1999), S. 278-285

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ISSN: 1435-604X

Keywords: Keywords: Adenocarcinoma; Aminolaevulinic acid; Barrett's oesophagus; Dysplasia; Photodynamic therapy

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology

Notes: Abstract . Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may have a role in the prevention of oesophageal cancer. Ten patients with Barrett's oesophagus, three with low-grade dysplasia (LGD), four with high-grade dysplasia (HGD), one with carcinoma in situ and two with invasive carcinoma, were treated with PDT. All received 30 mg/kg aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) followed 4 h later by laser endoscopy. Half were treated with red light (630 nm; 100 mW/cm2 for 1000 s) and half with green light (514 nm; 100 mW/cm2 for 500 s). Columnar epithelial regression was seen in all patients with dysplasia (mean area decrease 44%; range 10–100%), with apparent elimination of dysplasia in all cases. In patients with in situ or invasive carcinoma, no response was seen. ALA-induced PDT, using either red or green light, produces effective ablation of dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus, hence may have a role in the prevention of oesophageal carcinoma, but has little effect on in situ or invasive adenocarcinoma.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101030050095

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Simultaneous auroral observations described in the historical records of China, Japan and Korea from ancient times to AD 1700 (1999)

Willis, D. M. ; Stephenson, F. R.

Springer

Annales geophysicae 18 (1999), S. 1-10

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ISSN: 0992-7689

Keywords: Magnetospheric physics (auroral phenomena; storms and substorms)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract Early auroral observations recorded in various oriental histories are examined in order to search for examples of strictly simultaneous and indisputably independent observations of the aurora borealis from spatially separated sites in East Asia. In the period up to AD 1700, only five examples have been found of two or more oriental auroral observations from separate sites on the same night. These occurred during the nights of AD 1101 January 31, AD 1138 October 6, AD 1363 July 30, AD 1582 March 8 and AD 1653 March 2. The independent historical evidence describing observations of mid-latitude auroral displays at more than one site in East Asia on the same night provides virtually incontrovertible proof that auroral displays actually occurred on these five special occasions. This conclusion is corroborated by the good level of agreement between the detailed auroral descriptions recorded in the different oriental histories, which furnish essentially compatible information on both the colour (or colours) of each auroral display and its approximate position in the sky. In addition, the occurrence of auroral displays in Europe within two days of auroral displays in East Asia, on two (possibly three) out of these five special occasions, suggests that a substantial number of the mid-latitude auroral displays recorded in the oriental histories are associated with intense geomagnetic storms.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0001-6

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