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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of culture medium and in vitro conditions on shoot regeneration in Solanum phureja monoploids and fertility of regenerated doubled monoploids (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 118 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Incorporation of monoploids in practical breeding requires an efficient method of producing homozygous diploids. This study investigated factors for efficient regeneration of doubled monoploid (DM) potato, crossability of DMs and their field performance. Incorporation of silver thiosulphate (STS) in propagation medium for in vitro monoploid plantlets of Solanum phureja did not affect the frequency of cells with diploid(2x) nuclei but increased those with monoploid (1x) and decreased those with 4x nuclei. Higher shoot regeneration was obtained from leaf explants compared with stem explants. Induction of shoots from calluswas affected neither by light during incubation nor by overnight treatment with a benzyl adenine pulse. Female fertility based on seed set after pollination of DMs with heterozygous diploid clones varied among DMs but encouraged their utilization in practical breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.118001053.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular characterization of the first autolytic lysozyme of Streptococcus pneumoniae reveals evolutionary mobile domains (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 33 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A biochemical approach to identify proteins with high affinity for choline-containing pneumococcal cell walls has allowed the localization, cloning and sequencing of a gene (lytC ) coding for a protein that degrades the cell walls of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The lytC gene is 1506 bp long and encodes a protein (LytC) of 501 amino acid residues with a predicted Mr of 58 682. LytC has a cleavable signal peptide, as demonstrated when the mature protein (about 55 kDa) was purified from S. pneumoniae. Biochemical analyses of the pure, mature protein proved that LytC is a lysozyme. Combined cell fractionation and Western blot analysis showed that the unprocessed, primary product of the lytC gene is located in the pneumococcal cytoplasm whereas the processed, active form of LytC is tightly bound to the cell envelope. In vivo experiments demonstrated that this lysozyme behaves as a pneumococcal autolytic enzyme at 30°C. The DNA region encoding the 253 C-terminal amino acid residues of LytC has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The truncated protein exhibits a low, but significant, choline-independent lysozyme activity, which suggests that this polypeptide adopts an active conformation. Self-alignment of the N-terminal part of the deduced amino acid sequence of LytC revealed the presence of 11 repeated motifs. These results strongly suggest that the lysozyme reported here has changed the general building plan characteristic of the choline-binding proteins of S. pneumoniae and its bacteriophages, i.e. the choline-binding domain and the catalytic domain are located, respectively, at the N-terminal and the C-terminal moieties of LytC. This work illustrates the natural versatility exhibited by the pneumococcal genes coding for choline-binding proteins to fuse separated catalytic and substrate-binding domains and create new and functional mature proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01455.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LytB, a novel pneumococcal murein hydrolase essential for cell separation (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 31 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01238.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spawning Frequency Analysis of Wild and Pond-Reared Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus vannamei Broodstock under Large-Scale Hatchery Conditions (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Second generation Penaeus vannamei broodstack, pond-reared and wild populations, were compared for spawning frequency and several variables associated with reproductive performance. For this purpose, 470 pond-reared and 237 wild-caught individually tagged females were stocked with males of the same origin in ten maturation tanks in a commercial hatchery, and several productivity variables were recorded over time. Results of the analysis indicate that wild shrimp had higher mating and spawning frequencies compared to pond-reared broodstock. The number of nauplii per spawn was higher for wild shrimp, but fertilization and hatching rates were higher for pond-reared spawners. A larger proportion of nonmating females were found in pond-reared shrimp; whereas, wild females had a higher potential for multiple matings. The spawn quality (fertilization and hatching rates, percentage of viable spawns, and number of nauplii) in consecutive matings did not decline substantially. The present study indicates that selection of females with multiple spawning capabilities can be an important commercial strategy to improve nauplii production over the short term. Pond-reared broodstock can be an adequate source for applying this strategy because of their year-round availability and an overall acceptable reproductive performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1999.tb00865.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloro(pentamethyl-η5-cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) (1999)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 1090-1092 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010827019900253X
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete cDNA sequences of the DRB6 gene from humans and chimpanzees: a possible model of a stop codon readingthrough mechanism in primates (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 843-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words DRB6 ; MHC ; Primates ; Readingthrough mechanism ; Selenocysteine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The defective major histocompatibility complex (MHC) DRB6 gene is transcribed into mRNA in human [peripheral blood lymphocytes, transfected and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)] and chimpanzee EBV cell lines. MHC-DRB6 presents several anomalies, which include stop codons in exon 2, lack of the usual polyadenilation signal of other MHC-DRB genes, and a promoter region and exon 1 taken from a locally inserted retrovirus. The complete cDNA sequences from human DRB6*0201 and three common chimpanzee alleles (Patr-DRB6*0108, Patr-DRB6*0109, Patr-DRB6*0111) have been obtained; two exon 1-exon 2 cDNA sequences from bonobos (Papa-DRB6*0101 and Papa-DRB6*0102) are also shown. In contrast to chimpanzee DRB6 transcripts, the human ones: (1) present an exon 1-exon 2 splicing site that includes the transcription of the first 141 nucleotides of intron 1, rendering a longer exon 1, and (2) show a duplication of exon 6, which would render a longer cytoplasmic tail in a putative DRB6 protein. These two characteristics are found in all the human sequences obtained, regardless of the cellular type tested, and they are not present in any of the chimpanzee alleles reported; consequently, they are human-specific. All the alleles reported here bear stop codons in the three possible reading frames; however, a certain level of expression of DRB6 has been observed by cytofluorometry. This could be due to the presence of a selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) stem-loop structure located at the 3 untranslated region of the DRB6 mRNA, which directs selenocysteine incorporation at UGA codons. DRB6 transcription and translation would be the first gene model of a readingthrough stop codon mechanism in primate MHC. It is also feasible that the DRB6 gene might generate a population of short polypeptides, bound to plasmatic membranes, having non-antigen-presenting functions or which are presented by other MHC molecules as HLA-E presents HLA-G and -B leader sequence-derived peptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050563
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and characterization of mutations in patients with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency (1999)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 104 (1999), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency (HCS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by metabolic ketoacidosis, abnormal urine organic metabolites, and dermatitis. These symptoms are improved by pharmacological doses of biotin. In this study, we have analyzed seven patients with HCS deficiency found in European and Middle Eastern countries by using reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction/single-stranded conformation polymorphism and a sequencing analysis. Although we had previously reported that two mutations were frequent in Japanese patients, no frequent mutations were found in the patients analyzed in this study. Seven novel mutations were identified in the cDNA of the patients; these included three missense mutations, two single-base deletions that resulted in a termination codon, a three-base in-frame deletion, and a 68-bp deletion. A new polymorphism C1121T was also identified in four alleles. A transient expression study demonstrated that the HCS activities of three missense mutations and one amino acid deletion were 1%–14% that of wild-type cDNA; in contrast, the activities of the two single-base deletions followed by a termination codon and Asp571Asn were nearly undetectable. These data suggest that a variety of mutations is responsible for decreasing HCS activity and that the aspartate residue at amino acid position 571 may be crucial for the catalytic activity of HCS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050927
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pentachlorophenol and Pentachloroanisole in Oil Samples Associated with the Toxic Oil Syndrome (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 62 (1999), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900833
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Process Integration of Embedded FeRAMs (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of electroceramics 3 (1999), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8663
    Keywords: ferroelectric memories ; integrated ferroelectrics ; embedded microcontrollers ; ferroelectric material and integration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the general aspects of embedding Ferroelectric Memories (FeRAMs) with logic circuits and/or microcontrollers. These devices and stand-alone memories constitute the main thrust of applications of ferroelectric memories. The problems associated with embedding test the robustness and compatibility of the FeRAM process with established CMOS integrated circuits. As integrated circuits technology advances in lithography, FeRAMs meet the challenge, but new problems appear. In this review, existing embedded FeRAMs of the 0.8/0.6 μ generation will be discussed. A program for the 0.35/0.25 μ generation, and the 0.18 μ challenges are outlined and addressed. The paper also reviews the application of FeRAM Smart Cards. This application is becoming the best example of embedded FeRAMs in which to demonstrate the “System-One-Chip” technology direction. Smart Card ICs clearly take advantage of the low power, high-write speed and long endurance characteristics of Ferroelectric Memories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009991026077
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A preliminary report on the application of Macrobrachium amazonicum Heller, 1862 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) as a biomarker (1999)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 412 (1999), S. 119-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: biomarker ; biomonitoring ; bioassay ; paraquat ; Macrobrachium amazonicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method is described for the rapid evaluation of water quality through monitoring the respiratory response of Macrobrachium amazonicum a dominant benthic macroinvertebrate of Northeast Brazil constituting a source of nutrients for fish and humans. By maintaining the organism in a respiratory chamber supplied with test water (gravity-feed) at a rate of 10 ml min-1, it is possible to identify when the organism is in stress. Respiration rates were determined before (control) and after test concentrations were introduced. The herbicide paraquat was used because of its popularity with sugar cane cultivators and reported low toxicity. There was a discrete increase in respiration associated with acute toxicity at all concentrations tested above 0.035 μg l-1. At 0.01 μg l-1 no increase in respiration was observed and prawn survival continued until the experiment was terminated (25 days).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003864702924
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