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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and translocation of imazethapyr in peas as affected by parasitism of Orobanche crenata and herbicide application methods (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 39 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: [14C]-Imazethapyr was applied as a seed treatment and at plant pre-emergence and post-emergence to peas (Pisum sativum L.) parasitized by Orobanche crenata Forsk. Herbicide uptake increased with time regardless of the application method. Uptake reached about 98%, 89%, 81% and 94% of the total herbicide applied for the seed coating, seed soaking, pre-emergence and post-emergence treatments respectively. Herbicide translocation within the host plants consistently differed between O. crenata-infected and non-infected plants. High levels of 14C activity were accumulated by parasitic plants from the host. In non-infected pea plants, pods were stronger sinks for imazethapyr than the other parts of the plant, regardless of the application method. The herbicide distribution in the pea plant: O. crenata complex showed the same pattern regardless of the application methods. However, accumulation of radioactivity in the parasite was lower with pre-emergence and post-emergence application than with the seed treatments. In addition, radioactivity concentration in O. crenata plants was slightly higher when [14C]-imazethapyr was applied to pea seeds by coating than by soaking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.1999.00130.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in alkaline saline soil of the former Lake Texcoco (Mexico) as affected by application of sewage sludge (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00270.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, metamorphosis and feeding behaviour of Rana catesbeiana Shaw 1802 tadpoles at different rearing densities (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of rearing density on growth, metamorphosis and behavioural patterns of feeding in bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw, tadpoles. Stage 25 (Gosner) tadpoles from a single cohort were stocked at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 L–1 in 6-L plastic containers. A combination of phytoplankton and supplementary feed was used. There was an inverse relationship between rearing density and growth and metamorphosis above two organisms L–1. Tadpoles reared at 0.5 and 1.0 L–1 reached the metamorphic climax in 135 and 120 days, respectively, whereas more than 80% of all tadpoles reared at 4 and 8 L–1 did not metamorphose at all. Intraspecific competition appeared to be consistent among the cultured organisms regardless of the rearing density. Smaller tadpoles were displaced to sites distant from feeding points during supplementary feed addition, while no displacement was observed during phytoplankton addition. It is concluded that bullfrog tadpoles grow well at up to two organisms L–1 and that intraspecific competition is present within cultured tadpoles regardless of stocking density and may result from intrinsic genetic variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1999.00335.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First molecular characterization of a uridine diphosphate galacturonate 4-epimerase: an enzyme required for capsular biosynthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 31 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Uridine diphosphate galacturonate 4-epimerases (UDPGLEs) are enzymes that convert UDP-glucuronate into UDP-galacturonate. Although the presence of UDPGLEs has been reported in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, the genes coding for these enzymes are completely unknown. The galacturonic acid-containing capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 is synthesized through the action of a specific UDPGLE. We have constructed a defined deletion mutant in the cap1J gene (one of the 15 cap1 genes responsible for the synthesis of the type 1 capsule) that exhibited an unencapsulated phenotype. This mutant was unable to synthesize UDPGLE, suggesting that Cap1J was the type 1-specific UDPGLE of S. pneumoniae. Escherichia coli cells harbouring the recombinant plasmid pRMM38 (cap1J ) overproduced a 40 kDa protein, characterized as Cap1J on the basis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis, and expressed high levels of enzymatically active Cap1J epimerase. Cap1J was partially purified, although purification to electrophoretic homogeneity inactivated the enzyme irreversibly. The enzyme has the following characteristics: Kmfor UDP-glucuronate, 0.24 mM; pH optimum, 7.5; equilibrium constant (in the direction of UDP-galacturonate formation), 1.3; and an approximate Mr of 80 000 for the active form. The Cap1J protein exhibited a fluorescence emission spectrum similar to that of NADH. Upon inactivation with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, the addition of NAD+ and 2-mercaptoethanol were sufficient to reactivate the enzyme. Among several compounds tested, UDP-galactose and UDP-xylose exhibited the highest inhibition of the UDPGLE activity. Inactivation of UDPGLE activity was also observed in the presence of UMP and several reducing sugars. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a thoroughly molecular characterization of a UDPGLE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01211.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the interaction of diarylbutadiynes with free radicals: Interaction with propagating radicals of some vinyl monomers (1999)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 43 (1999), S. 357-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In order to study the nature of interaction of arylbutadiynes with transient free radicals, polymerization and copolymerization of some vinyl monomers such as methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (ST), methacrylonitrile (MAN), vinylidene chloride (VCl2), ethyl acrylate (EA) and acrylonitrile (AN), were carried out in the presence of diphenylbutadiyne (DPB), 4,4'-butadiynylene-N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-butyl-dibenzamide (BBA), and 4,4'-dibromodiphenylbutadiyne (BPB). MMA gave an intense ESR signal at the polymerization temperature when the polymerization system became viscous, and the number of radicals increased with polymerization time. Strong signals of polyEA and polyMAN radicals were also observed in the presence of DPB when the polymerization system became almost solid. This is a unique case where active transient propagating radicals such as that of polyEA can be detected at polymerization temperature. The rates of polymerization decreased by the presence of the diacetylenes, but the molecular weights did not change with the diacetylene concentrations. UV spectroscopy revealed that there was no diacetylene unit bonded to the obtained polymers, indicating that degradative chain transfer is not the case. The monomer reactivity ratios for MMA-ST and MMA-AN systems did not vary significantly in the presence of the diacetylenes, although some difference was observed. It seems that some arylbutadiynes interact with free radicals but do not form bonds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050622
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrodeposition of indium and zinc on aluminium (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: aluminium ; electrodeposition ; indium ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Zinc and indium were deposited from sulphate and chloride electrolytes onto aluminium electrodes under potentiostatic conditions. The role of the anion, pH, cation concentration, cathodic potential and agitation were investigated. The deposit morphology and composition were studied by SEM and EDX. Potentiodynamic and galvanostatic techniques were also applied for product characterization. Once a critical amount of Zn was deposited preferred In deposition began without agitation. But under rotation or at low cathodic potentials Zn2+ discharge became the prevalent reaction. The results support the earlier hypothesis of the preferential adsorption of Zn ions [1].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003487808354
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrodeposition of Zn and In onto vitreous carbon (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1297-1304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrodeposition ; indium ; vitreous carbon ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The deposition of indium and zinc on vitreous carbon was studied by voltammetric, galvanostatic and single potentiostatic pulse techniques. The morphology and composition of deposits were analysed by SEM/EDX. The codeposition process occurs without the formation of alloys or intermetallic compounds. On the one hand under stagnant conditions or at low electrode rotation speeds, localized alkalization produced by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) favours deposition through an indium hydroxide layer, and deposits with the same atomic percentage of In and Zn are attained. On the other hand, under electrode rotation, preferred deposition of Zn takes place. In this case, the reduction of H+ by the In+ species, intermediate in the In3+ reduction process, diminishes the electrochemical HER on the substrate thus favouring Zn deposition. The higher nucleation rate on metallic deposits previously formed on the vitreous carbon surface is also likely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003777023798
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Error estimates for the patching method in the bidimensional case (1999)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 82 (1999), S. 621-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):65N35
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002110050433
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of sodium chloride thin films obtained by pulsed laser deposition (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. S491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 81.15.Fg; 68.55.Jk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Sodium chloride thin films were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation from monocrystalline and sintered targets. The structure of the films is characterized by X-ray diffraction and their surface quality is characterized by scanning electron microscopy. From thermoluminescence spectra, two different types of defects are identified as cation vacancies and chlorine interstitials. This thermoluminescence in the UV-visible has been observed by heating the samples up to 600 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051449
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical Study of 4-Nitrophenol at a Modified Carbon Paste Electrode (1999)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 132 (1999), S. 7-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: Key words: 4-Nitrophenol; differential pulse voltammetry; zeolite-modified carbon paste electrode.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  A zeolite-modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) has been used for the determination of 4-nitrophenol by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical reduction of 4-nitrophenol at −1.0 V is carried out in a Britton-Robinson medium at pH 3.5. The cyclic voltammetric (CV) behaviour has been investigated to study the nature of the process. Studies on the effect of pH were carried out over the pH range 2–9 with the Britton-Robinson buffer solution, and the influence of pH on peak height and peak potential was analyzed. A linear relationship between peak intensity and concentration is obtained in the range 0.2–10 mg L−1, with a detection limit of 0.04 mg L−1; a relative standard deviation of 1.5% for a 5 mg L−1 4-nitrophenol concentration and a relative error of 2.6% were also obtained (n=11).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010076
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