ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

Risk Perception in Context: The Savannah River Site Stakeholder Study (1999)

Williams, Bryan L. ; Brown, Sylvia ; Greenberg, Michael ; [et al.]

Springer

Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 1019-1035

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ISSN: 1539-6924

Keywords: risk perception ; CRESP ; trust ; DOE Savannah River site ; risk assessment ; stakeholder ; economic dependence

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract Environmental managers are increasingly charged with involving the public in the development and modification of policies regarding risks to human health and the environment. Involving the public in environmental decision making first requires a broad understanding of how and why the public perceives various risks. The Savannah River Stakeholder Study was conducted with the purpose of investigating individual, economic, and social characteristics of risk perceptions among those living near the Savannah River Nuclear Weapons Site. A number of factors were found to impact risk perceptions among those living near the site. One's estimated proximity to the site and relative river location surfaced as strong determinants of risk perceptions among SRS residents. Additionally, living in a quality neighborhood and demonstrating a willingness to accept health risks for economic gain strongly abated heightened risk perceptions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007095808381

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2

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A Homological Approach to Two Problems on Finite Sets (1999)

Csákány, Rita ; Kahn, Jeff

Springer

Journal of algebraic combinatorics 9 (1999), S. 141-149

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ISSN: 1572-9192

Keywords: extremal problem ; finite set ; Erdos-Ko-Rado Theorem

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mathematics

Notes: Abstract We propose a homological approach to two conjectures descended from the Erdös-Ko-Rado Theorem, one due to Chvátal and the other to Frankl and Füredi. We apply the method to reprove, and in one case improve, results of these authors related to their conjectures.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018630111976

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3

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Male-Driven Evolution Among Eoaves? A Test of the Replicative Division Hypothesis in a Heterogametic Female (ZW) System (1999)

Kahn, Nate W. ; Quinn, Tom W.

Springer

Journal of molecular evolution 49 (1999), S. 750-759

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ISSN: 1432-1432

Keywords: Key words: Male-driven evolution — ZW chromosomes — male/female mutation rate (αm) — replication error — molecular clock

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract. Because avian females are heterogametic, the reverse of mammals, avian sex chromosomes undergo significantly different patterns and numbers of DNA replications than do those in mammals. This makes the W (female-specific) and the Z chromosomes an excellent model system for the study of the replicative division hypothesis, which purports that DNA substitution rate is determined by the number of germline replications. The sex-specific chromosome in birds (the W) is predicted to change at the slowest rate of all avian chromosomes because it undergoes the fewest rounds of replication per unit of evolutionary time. Using published data on gametogenesis from a variety of sources, we estimated the ratio of male-to-female germline replications (c) in galliforms and anseriforms to be approximately 4.4. The value of c should predict the value of the ratio of male-to-female mutation rates (αm) if the replicative division hypothesis is true. Homologous DNA sequences including an intron and parts of two exons of the CHD gene were obtained from the W and the Z chromosomes in ostrich, sage grouse, canvasback duck, tundra swan, and snow goose. The exons show significantly different nucleotide composition from the introns, and the W-linked exons show evidence of relaxed constraint. The Z-linked intron is diverging ≈ 3.1 times faster than the W-linked intron. From this, αm was calculated to be approximately 4.1, with a confidence interval of 3.1 to 5.1. The data support the idea that the number of replicative divisions is a major determinant of substitution rate in the Eoavian genome.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006597

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4

Electronic Resource

Diabetic Risk Taking: The Role of Information, Education and Medication (1999)

Kahn, Matthew E.

Springer

Journal of risk and uncertainty 18 (1999), S. 147-164

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ISSN: 1573-0476

Keywords: diabetes ; diet ; health production

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Economics

Notes: Abstract Diet adherence is a key determinant in minimizing the risk of diabetic health complications. Diabetics who ignore their doctor's advice, concerning diet, smoking and exercise, are taking a gamble. Food product innovation, improved understanding about the benefits of tight diabetic compliance, and increased information dissemination all provide incentives for diabetics to modify their behavior. This paper uses repeated cross-sections of the NHANES from 1971–1994 to document that diabetics are making better choices over time relative to earlier cohorts and relative to non-diabetics. They smoke less than their non-diabetic counterparts. Their consumption of cholesterol has fallen sharply and they are reducing their alcohol and sweets consumption. New medications have played an important role in improving diabetic quality of life. This paper studies whether access to improved diabetic medicine has created offsetting incentives such that diet compliance falls. I find little evidence that the more medicated display worse health habits.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007838613940

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5

Electronic Resource

Agents to the Rescue? (1999)

West, Patricia M. ; Ariely, Dan ; Bellman, Steve ; [et al.]

Springer

Marketing letters 10 (1999), S. 285-300

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ISSN: 1573-059X

Keywords: agents ; e-commerce ; consumer choice

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Economics

Notes: Abstract The advent of electronic environments is bound to have profound effects on consumer decision making. While the exact nature of these influences is only partially known it is clear that consumers could benefit from properly designed electronic agents that know individual users' preferences and can act on their behalf. An examination of the various roles agents perform is presented as a framework for thinking about the design of electronic agents. In addition, a set of goals is established that include both outcome-based measures, such as improving decision quality, as well as process measures like increasing satisfaction and developing trust.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008127022539

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6

Electronic Resource

Strategic transmission of information and short-term commitment (1999)

Kahn, Charles M. ; Tsoulouhas, Theofanis

Springer

Economic theory 14 (1999), S. 131-153

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ISSN: 1432-0479

Keywords: Key words and Phrases:Repeated principal-agent relationship, Adverse selection, Information transmission. ; JEL Classification Numbers:D81, D82.

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Economics

Notes: Summary. We examine the strategic role of information transmission in a repeated principal-agent relationship where the agent produces information that is useful to the principal. The agent values continuous employment for the principal because he makes a relationship-specific investment that can yield rents to him when the relationship is renewed. Assuming that the parties are sufficiently impatient, we show that full disclosure of the information produced occurs early in the relationship when the principal can commit to a long-term relationship, when the agent observes his valuation of continuous employment after making a report on information produced, or when the agent obtains a low valuation of continuous employment before making a report. By contrast, a strategic delay in the transmission of information occurs when the principal can only commit to a short-term relationship and the agent obtains a high valuation of continuous employment before making a report.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001990050285

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7

Electronic Resource

Effects of Microscale Water Level Fluctuations and Altered Ultraviolet Radiation on Periphytic Microbiota (1999)

Kahn, W.E. ; Wetzel, R.G.

Springer

Microbial ecology 38 (1999), S. 253-263

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ISSN: 1432-184X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Microscale fluctuations in water level (1–20 mm) are common on a diurnal basis in shallow (〈5–10 cm) wetlands, coupled to evapotranspiration losses during the daytime in excess of groundwater resupply. These depth variations alter the intensity of UV irradiance reaching attached periphytic algal and bacterial microbial communities. Effects of alterations of UV irradiance by micro-changes in water level on periphytic microbiota were examined experimentally. Attached microbial communities, grown on glass fiber filters in situ in a natural wetland, were exposed experimentally to near-natural levels of UV irradiance of differing spectral quality. UV intensity was altered by varying the distance of the communities from the light source, changes in UV-attenuating natural dissolved organic matter (DOM), and small changes in water level (2 or 4 mm). Algal productivity and photosynthetic oxygen production were significantly reduced by small enhancements of UV-B radiation, by decreased water levels of only 2 mm, and by reductions in concentrations of DOM. UV-B had only small short-term effects on chlorophyll a, although small increases in water depth and DOM concentration reduced pigment damage. Experimental removal of UV-B during in situ growth indicated that algae could adapt to UV radiation during growth in natural environments. Microbial oxygen consumption and bacterial productivity and biomass were also lowered significantly by UV-B exposure, and damage decreased with small (2 mm) increases in water depth or in DOM concentration. Selective inhibitors of algal photosynthesis and production of released extracellular organic substrates caused a concomitant reduction in bacterial productivity and a significant increase in magnitude of UV-B damage to bacterial biomass. These effects suggested that metabolic interactions between the periphytic autotrophs and heterotrophs altered community responses to UV-B radiation. Microscale water level reductions, common on a diurnal basis in shallow wetlands, and associated increased UV intensity can result in rapid alterations in periphytic metabolism.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002489900175

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8

Electronic Resource

Distribution of two isoforms of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in soybean (Glycine max) (1999)

Park, Kyung Soon ; Kahn, Michael L.

Springer

Plant molecular biology 40 (1999), S. 13-21

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ISSN: 1573-5028

Keywords: carbon metabolism ; isocitrate dehydrogenase ; isozymes ; nitrogen fixation ; soybean ; TCA cycle

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Two different cDNAs that encode NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH) isozymes of soybean (Glycine max) were characterized. The nucleotide sequences of the coding regions of these cDNAs have 74% identity to each other and give predicted amino acid sequences that have 83% identity to each other. Using PCR techniques, their coding regions were subcloned into a protein overexpression vector, pQE32, to yield pIDH4 and pIDH1, respectively. Both IDH4 and IDH1 enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli as catalytically active His6 tagged proteins, purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on nickel chelate resin and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to each were generated. Surprisingly, antiserum to IDH4 did not react with IDH1 protein and IDH1 antiserum reacted only very weakly with IDH4 protein. IDH4 antibody reacts with a protein of expected molecular weight in cotyledon, young leaf, young root, mature root and nodules but the reaction with mature leaf tissue was low compared to other tissues. Western blot results show that IDH1 was not expressed in young roots but a protein that reacts with the IDH1 antibody was highly expressed in leaves, showing that there was tissue-specific accumulation of NADP-IDH isozymes in soybean.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026464704134

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