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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of organic impurities in the recycle and reclaim loops of ultra-pure water plants (1998)
    Springer
    Clean products and processes 1 (1998), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-722X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract  The oxidation of trace organic impurities in ultrapure water by ultraviolet light (UV), ozone, and the combination of UV/ozone is investigated. The emphasis is on the development of a global model to simulate the process that take place in the typical oxidation reactors used in ultrapure water plants. The study also focuses on reaction mechanism for oxidation of multi-component organic impurities. Eighteen organic model compounds are chosen as representative contaminants. The results demonstrate and confirm a significant synergistic effect between UV and ozone oxidation. A mechanism for the synergistic oxidation of organic impurities is proposed and validated with experimental data. The combination of the reaction and the reactor models is used to determine the fundamental kinetic parameters involved in the three oxidation processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100980050005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of NO-elimination activity of Co-silicate catalyst by high-temperature calcination in steam-containing air (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 52 (1998), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Co-silicate ; high-temperature calcination ; steam ; supported Co catalyst ; non-framework Co ; NO elimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract H–Co-silicate having an MFI structure (CoMFI), calcined in steam-containing air at 800°C (CoMFI-800S), was characterized by XRD and diffuse reflectance electron absorption (EA). The calcination educed some of the Co ions from the CoMFI framework to make small clusters nearby. The CoMFI-800S performance in NO elimination in the presence of excess O2 was compared with that of Co supported on siliceous MFI zeolite ([Co]SiMFI), Co supported on H–Co-silicate ([Co]CoMFI), and a physical mixture of CoMFI and [Co]SiMFI (Co+[Co]). The educed Co ions enhanced NO elimination due to the uniform and isolated dispersion of oxidized Co clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019096125665
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pure nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation by a multilayer structure: Theoretical analysis for 169Tm (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of experimental and theoretical physics 87 (1998), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The possibility of observing pure nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation by a multilayer structure containing the 169Tm isotope is analyzed theoretically. The main problem is the need to suppress the enormous background of radiation scattered by electrons. Two methods for the destructive interference of a synchrotron radiation beam in reflection at grazing incidence by a layered system containing Tm nuclei in one of the layers are considered, and their efficiency as applied to the conditions of third-generation synchrotron radiation sources, such as in the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), is calculated. An electron scattering suppression efficiency parameter is formulated as the ratio of the integrated nuclear scattering intensity (with a time delay) to the total prompt electron scattering intensity in assigned ranges of angles and energies. In the first method thin films of a special type on a substrate, viz., GIAR films, are used. In the second method a new effect, which is termed the Bragg antipeak effect and involves the destructive interference of a wave that is Bragg-diffracted in a multilayer superlattice and a wave reflected on the upper boundary of the sample, is employed. The physical properties of the Bragg antipeak effect are considered, and it is found that its efficiency is sufficient for practical use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.558623
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in Development of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Spine (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 158-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ossification — Posterior longitudinal ligament — Insulin-like growth factor I — Ligament cell — Immunohistochemistry — Osteogenesis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In order to investigate the pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine, we examined the distribution of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the posterior longitudinal ligaments of OPLL patients, and analyzed the effects of IGF-I on the cultured spinal ligament cells. For that purpose we established eight varieties of OPLL and non-OPLL cell lines obtained from spinal ligaments of corresponding patients, respectively. In contrast to non-OPLL cases, all the OPLL cases were histologically shown to contain round-shaped cartilage-like cells in the transitional region from preossifying to ossifying ligaments, and these cells were strongly stained with an antibody for IGF-I. In the vicinity of preossifying cartilaginous tissues, ligament cells also had a rod-like appearance and were positive for IGF-I immunohistochemically. The effects of IGF-I on cultured spinal ligament cells were assayed by alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, DNA synthesis, and the amounts of collagen produced. The number of OPLL cell lines that increased AP activity, responding to IGF-I irrespective of 1,25(OH)2D3, was significantly larger than that of non-OPLL cell lines, although IGF-I stimulated DNA and procollagen type I carboxyl-terminal peptide synthesis in most of both OPLL and non-OPLL cell lines. These data demonstrate the dominant expression of IGF-I in the posterior longitudinal ligaments of OPLL patients, and suggest that IGF-I preferentially induces osteogenic differentiation in OPLL cells rather than in non-OPLL cells. IGF-I, therefore, may be involved in the local ossification process of spinal ligaments observed in OPLL patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900410
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amount of hydroxyl radical on calcium-ion-implanted titanium and point of zero charge of constituent oxide of the surface-modified layer (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract To compare the surface properties of calcium-ion (Ca2+)-implanted titanium with those of titanium and to investigate the mechanism of bone conductivity of Ca2+-implanted titanium, amounts of hydroxyl radical of Ca2+-implanted titanium and titanium were estimated. Also, the point of zero charge (p.z.c.) of oxide constituting surface oxides of Ca2+-implanted titanium and titanium was determined. Results showed that the amount of active hydroxyl radical on Ca2+-implanted titanium was found to be significantly larger than that on titanium, indicating that the number of electric-charging sites of Ca2+-implanted titanium in electrolyte is more than that of titanium. The p.z.c. values of rutile (TiO2), anatase (TiO2), and perovskite (CaTiO3), were estimated to be 4.6, 5.9, and 8.1, respectively. Thus, Ca2+-implanted titanium surface is charged more positively in bioliquid than titanium, accelerating the adsorption of phosphate ions. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008847014938
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobile pen-based technologies for drivers licence administration (1998)
    Springer
    Personal and ubiquitous computing 2 (1998), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4917
    Keywords: Drivers licence administration ; Mobile devices ; Pen-based devices ; Pen-based system applications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract One of the major advantages of mobile computing devices is that they facilitate data capture when the operator is on the move. The data collected can be readily processed for analysis and reporting purposes, without the need for manually transcribing the data into an electronic form. This paper describes the design and development of two prototypical systems using mobile pen-based technologies for the administration of learner drivers licence testing. We highlight some of the design issues and report the lessons learned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01885561
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and binding properties of a noncovalent molecularly imprinted testosterone-specific polymer (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 1725-1732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: crosslinked polymer ; template polymerization ; noncovalent molecular imprinting ; testosterone ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this study, molecular imprinting was used to develop a method based on noncovalent interactions for synthesis of a testosterone-specific polymer. The effect of the different template-monomer ratios, the particle sizes of polymers, and chromatographic mobile phases on steroid-polymer interactions are discussed. The polymer obtained was found to interact specifically with testosterone, while other steroids under study were eluted close to the void volume in the HPLC experiments. Batch rebinding studies in acetonitrile were undertaken to quantitatively evaluate the affinity of the polymer for testosterone. During this experiment, the testosterone concentration was measured in two ways: spectrophotometrically and by HPLC on a column with testosterone-specific imprinted polymer synthesized by us. Both methods resulted in similar values of association constants and the number of binding sites. However, the second method has obvious advantages when the analyzed solution contains a mixture of optically dense compounds. The results obtained focus on the two-point binding nature of the imprinted polymer-testosterone interaction and the significant role of hydrogen bonds between the OH group of testosterone and carboxy group of methacrylic acid residues inside specific recognition sites of the imprinted polymer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1725-1732, 1998
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical studies on the gas-phase nucleophilic substitution reactions of benzyl chlorides with phenoxides and thiophenoxides (1998)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 11 (1998), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: cross-interaction constants ; gas-phase nucleophilic substitution reactions ; PM3 MO ; benzyl chlorides ; phenoxides ; thiophenoxides ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Gas-phase nucleophilic substitution reactions of Y-benzyl chlorides with X-phenoxide and X-thiophenoxide nucleophiles were investigated theoretically using the PM3 semi-empirical MO method. The Leffler-Grunwald rate-equilibrium and Brønsted correlations predict that the degree of bond formation in the transition state (TS) is approximately 45 and 40% on the reaction coordinate for the phenoxides and thiophenoxides, respectively. For a weaker nucleophile, a later TS is obtained with an increased bond making and breaking. The variation of the TS structure with substituents in the nucleophile is thermodynamically controlled and is well correlated by rate-equilibrium relationships. In contrast, the TS variation (a tighter TS) with substituent (for a stronger acceptor Y) in the substrate is dependent only on variations of the intrinsic barrier and so cannot be correlated by such thermodynamically based rate-equilibrium relationships. The gas phase ρX and ρY values are much greater in magnitude than those in solution. A similar gas-phase theoretical cross-interaction constant, ρXY (ca -0.60), is obtained for both phenoxides and thiophenoxides, which is in good agreement with the experimental value (-0.62) for the thiophenoxide reactions in MeOH at 20.0 °C. The oxy and sulfur anion bases lead to a similar TS structure, but a lower reactivity for the former is due to a greater endothermicity of the reaction. A relatively wide range variation of the reaction energies, ΔG°, can be ascribed to the loss of resonance stabilization of anion nucleophiles upon product formation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ordering kinetics of cylindrical and spherical microdomains in an SIS block copolymer by synchrotron SAXS and rheology (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 641-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The ordering kinetics of cylindrical and spherical microdomains in a polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene (SIS) copolymer were studied using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheology upon quenching the sample from a disordered state to an ordered state having either spherical or cylindrical microdomains. The SIS exhibits an order to order transition at ≈181°C, a lattice disordering transition at ≈210°C and becomes disordered at higher temperatures. Higher order peaks in the SAXS profiles corresponding to hexagonally packed cylindrical (HEX) microdomains appeared after less than 1 h when the sample was quenched from 235°C to 170°C. When quenched from 235°C to 200°C. a broad higher order peak at ≈1.65 qm, corresponding to spheres with liquid-like short-range order, was persistent up to 4 h before higher order peaks corresponding to body-centered cubic (BCC) microdomains appeared. We repeated this experiment by changing temperature from one ordered state with BCC microdomains to another with HEX microdomains, and vice versa. The BCC microdomains were attained within 1 h when heating from 170°C to 200°C. The transition between HEX and BCC is thermoreversible. The time evolution of dynamic storage modulus G′ is in good agreement with that of SAXS intensity.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial tension measurement with the neumann triangle method (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 19 (1998), S. 499-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The interfacial tensions between polystyrene (PS) and poly(butylene terephthalate)System. name: poly(tetramethylene terephthalate). (PBT), PS/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and PBT/PMMA pairs have been obtained by employing the Neumann Triangle method (NT). The results are in good agreement with those obtained by the breaking thread method. For the first time, the NT method was applied to a reactive polymer pair with an in-situ compatibilizer to measure the interfacial tension. We found that the interfacial tension of the PS/PBT system with a small amount of poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate)System. name of glycidyl: 2,3-epoxypropyl. (PS-GMA) is significantly reduced compared to that without PS-GMA.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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