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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (10)
  • Physics  (6)
  • CHEMISTRY
  • 1995-1999  (16)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1998  (16)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the form IV of syndiotactic polypropylene (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 395-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: syndiotactic polypropylene ; form-IV ; form II ; kink bands ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The packing of the chains in (T6G2T2G2)n conformation of the form IV of s-PP is revisited on the basis of packing energy and structure factor calculations. According to this analysis, an alternative mode of packing has been suggested. A monoclinic structural model, with the unit cell centered on the C face, is obtained, after small changes of the atomic coordinates in the triclinic structural model as proposed by Chatani et al. The monoclinic model presents a lower packing energy than the triclinic model and a good agreement between the calculated and observed structure factors. The triclinic structural model implies that all the chains are rotated by the same amount around the chain axis with respect to the monoclinic structural model. Since clockwise and counter clockwise rotations are equivalent, the monoclinic structural model may be taken as descriptive of the order in the long range, for the form IV of s-PP, or in other terms, descriptive of an average structure (space group C2, unit cell constants equal to am = 14.17 Å, bm = 5.72 Å, cm = 11.6 Å, and βm = 108.8°). The triclinic structural model for this polymorph, instead (space group P1, unit cell constants equal to at = 5.72 Å, bt = 7.64 Å, ct = 11.60 Å, αt = 73.1°, βt = 88.8°, γt = 112.0°) is probably more properly descriptive of local situation of order (the symmetry, locally, is broken). Analogies between the monoclinic limit ordered structural model for the form IV and the orthorhombic limit ordered structural model for the form II (with chains in the more stable (TTGG)n conformation) of s-PP are also provided. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 395-402, 1998
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear neighbours: The spatial and functional organization of genes and nuclear domains (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 159-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: nucleus ; nuclear domain ; genome ; nucleolus ; coiled body ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: It is becoming clear that the cell nucleus is not only organized in domains but that these domains are also organized relative to each other and to the genome. Specific nuclear domains, enriched in different proteins and RNAs, are often found next to each other and next to specific gene loci. Several lines of investigation suggest that nuclear domains are involved in facilitating or regulating gene expression. The emerging view is that the spatial relationship between different domains and genes on different chromosomes, as found in the nucleolus, is a common organizational principle in the nucleus, to allow an efficient and controlled synthesis and processing of a range of gene transcripts. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:159-171. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retinoblastoma protein tethered to promoter DNA represses TBP-mediated transcription (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: retinoblastoma protein ; TATA-binding protein ; repressor ; TSA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The retinoblastoma (RB) tumour suppressor protein negatively regulates cell proliferation by modulating transcription of growth-regulatory genes. Recruitment of Rb to promoters, by association with E2F complex or by fusion with heterologous DNA-binding domains, demonstrated that Rb represses directly transcription. Recent studies also suggest that the RB protein is able to repress gene transcription mediated by the RNA polymerase I and III. Since the TATA-binding protein (TBP) is an important component for transcription mediated by all three RNA polymerases, we have analysed the functional interaction between Rb and TBP in vivo in the context of RNA pol II-driven transcription. We demonstrated that in mammalian cells Rb tethered to promoter represses TBP-mediated activation in vivo, and Rb-mediated repression is reversed in the presence of the inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by trichostatin A (TSA). J. Cell. Biochem. 70:281-287, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrest of the cell cycle reduces susceptibility of target cells to perforin-mediated lysis (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 69 (1998), S. 425-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: perforin ; cell cycle ; apoptosis ; T lymphocyte ; DNA synthesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes secrete a pore-forming cytolysin, perforin, that damages membranes of target cells. They also ligate Fas receptors on target cells and provoke apoptotic death. A20 (B lymphoma) and P815 (mastocytoma) cell lines were examined for their susceptibility to perforin-mediated lysis and to Fas-induced apoptosis after blockade of the cell cycle at the G1/S interface. Cells were arrested at the G1/S interface by inhibition of DNA synthesis with thymidine or aphidicolin. Subsequently, the treated cells were incubated either with CTL cytotoxic granules or the Fas-specific monoclonal antibody Jo-2. We show that arrest of the cell cycle at the G1/S interface markedly reduced the susceptibility of target cells to perforin-mediated lysis. In contrast, growth arrest with thymidine or aphidicolin increased susceptibility of A20 and P815 cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Susceptibility to lysis by intact CTLs was not affected significantly by blockade of target cells with aphidicolin or thymidine. When cells surviving exposure to perforin-containing granules were isolated on Ficoll density gradients and cell-cycle profiles were examined by flow cytometry, the ratio of G1 to G2cells increased among the survivors exposed to granules in contrast to controls incubated with buffer alone. The data suggest that cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle are less susceptible to the perforin pathway than cells in G2and S phases but are more susceptible to the Fas pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:425-435, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of guinea pig YKl40 and modulation of its secretion by cultured articular chondrocytes (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 69 (1998), S. 414-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: YKL40 ; purification ; guinea pig ; chondrocytes ; biochemical characterization ; regulation ; insulin-like growth factors ; osteoarthritis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to purify, characterize, and study the regulation at the chondrocyte level of the guinea pig (gp) homologue of human (R) YKL40, a putative marker of arthritic disorders. Studying YKL40 in guinea pigs is of particular interest, as age-related osteoarthritis develops in this species spontaneously. Both N-terminal sequencing and total amino acid composition of gpYKL40 purified from the secretion medium of cultured articular chondrocytes indicate a high degree of identity with hYKL40. gpYKL40 was found to contain complex N-linked carbohydrate, as demonstrated by N-glycosidase F and endoglycosidase F digestion. Isoelectric focusing demonstrated the presence of a major band at pI 6.7. The secretion of gpYKL40 by confluent articular chondrocytes in the extracellular medium was studied by immunoblotting. gpYKL40 was released by chondrocytes continuously over a 7 day period and did not appear to be degraded by proteinases, as its signal intensity in cell-free medium at 37°C did not decrease with time. Thus, gpYKL40 displays high stability and accumulates in extracellular medium without reaching a steady-state level. Among the main factors known to regulate cartilage metabolism, IL-1β, TNF-α, bFGF, or 1,25(OH)2D3 did not alter the basal level of gpYKL40, and retinoic acid had a slight inhibitory effect; TGF-β and IGF-I and -II dose-dependently and inversely modulated this basal level. TGF-β at 5 ng/ml decreased extracellular gpYKL40 2.9-fold, whereas IGF-I and IGF-II at 50 ng/ml increased extracellular gpYKL40 3.6- and 3.4-fold, respectively. The present biochemical and biological findings give new insights for studying the function of YKL40 in cartilage. J. Cell Biochem. 69:414-424, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1α,25(OH)2-Vitamin D3 signaling in chick enterocytes: Enhancement of tyrosine phosphorylation and rapid stimulation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 69 (1998), S. 470-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: enterocytes ; 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 ; tyrosine phosphorylation ; MAP kinase activation ; VDRnuc ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The steroid hormone 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) generates biological responses in intestinal and other cells via both genomic and rapid, nongenomic signal transduction pathways. We examined the hypothesis that 1α,25(OH)2D3 action in chick enterocytes may be linked to pathways involving tyrosine phosphorylation. Brief exposure of isolated chick enterocytes to 1α,25(OH)2D3 demonstrated increased tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins (antiphosphotyrosine immunoblots of whole cell lysates) with prominent bands at 42-44, 55-60, and 105-120 Kda. The 42-44 Kda bands comigrated with mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (immunoblotting with anti-MAP kinase antibody) The response occurred within 30 s, peaked at 1 min, and was dose-dependent (0.01-10 nM), with maximal stimulation at 1 nM (three- to fivefold). This effect was specific for 1α,25(OH)2D3 since its metabolic precursors 25(OH)D3and vitamin D3 did not increase MAP kinase tyrosine phosphorylation. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, blocked 1α,25(OH)2D3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of MAP kinase, while staurosporine, a PKC inhibitor, attenuated the hormone's effects by 30%. We have evaluated the ability of 1α,25(OH)2D3 analogs, which have complete flexibility around the 6,7 carbon-carbon bond (6F) or which are locked in either the 6-s-cis (6C) or the 6-s-trans(6T) shape(s), to activate MAP kinase. Thus, two 6F and one 6C analog stimulated while one 6T analog did not stimulate MAP kinase tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, 1β,25(OH)2D3, a known antagonist of 1α,25(OH)2D3-mediated rapid responses, blocked the hormone effects on MAP kinase. We conclude that 1α,25(OH)2D3 and analogs which can achieve the 6-s-cis shape (6F and 6C) can increase tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of MAP kinase in chick enterocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:470-482, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estrogen stimulates PTHrP but not PTH/PTHrP receptor gene expression in the kidney of ovariectomized rat (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 84-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: PTHrP ; PTH/PTHrP receptor ; estrogen ; ovariectomy ; kidney ; rat ; in vivo ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the decreased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium observed in estrogen deficiency is associated with a local regulation of either PTHrP or PTH/PTHrP receptor genes in the kidney. Rats were randomly sham-operated (S) or ovariectomized receiving either vehicule (OVX) or 4 μg E2/kg/day (OVX+E4) or 40 μg E2/kg/d (OVX+E40) during 14 days using alzet minipumps. Plasma PTH and calcium levels were lower in untreated OVX animals than in all other groups (P 〈 0.01). Plasma PTH was higher in OVX+E40 than in OVX+E4 (P 〈 0.05). PTHrP mRNA expression in the kidney was unaffected by ovariectomy but was increased in OVX+E40 (0.984 ± 0.452 for PTHrP/GAPDH mRNAs expression vs. 0.213 ± 0.078 in sham, P 〈 0.01). PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA expression and the cAMP response of renal membranes to PTH were unaffected by ovariectomy and estrogen substitution. In conclusion, renal PTHrP and PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNAs are not modified by ovariectomy. However, 17β-estradiol increases renal expression of PTHrP mRNA without evident changes in its receptor expression and function. This may help to explain the pharmacological action of estrogen in the kidney, especially how it prevents the renal leak of calcium in postmenopausal women. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:84-93, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of CDK9 to TRAF2 (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 71 (1998), S. 467-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cell cycle ; kinase ; signal transduction ; differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: CDK9 has been recently shown to have increased kinase activity in differentiated cells in culture and a differentiated tissue-specific expression in the developing mouse. In order to identify factors that contribute to CDK9's differentiation-specific function, we screened a mouse embryonic library in the yeast two-hybrid system and found a tumor necrosis factor signal transducer, TRAF2, to be an interacting protein. CDK9 interacts with a conserved domain in the TRAF-C region of TRAF2, a motif that is known to bind other kinases involved in TRAF-mediated signaling. Endogenous interaction between the two proteins appears to be specific to differentiated tissue. TRAF2-mediated signaling may incorporate additional kinases to signal cell survival in myotubes, a cell type that is severely affected in TRAF2 knockout mice. J. Cell. Biochem. 71:467-478, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophages and antioxidant status in the NOD mouse pancreas (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 71 (1998), S. 479-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: macrophages ; antioxidant status ; NOD mice ; immunocytochemistry ; type 1 diabetes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: This study showed that citiolone (CIT), a free radical scavenger, significantly increased superoxide dismutase (P 〈 0.001 vs. untreated NOD, NMMA-treated, and silica-treated animals), catalase (P 〈 0.01 vs. untreated NOD), and glutathione peroxidase (P 〈 0.001 vs. untreated NOD and C57BL6/J) values. Silica treatment was capable of counteracting the plasma antioxidant capacity (TRAP) decrease observed in untreated NOD mice, although it did not block the blood glucose rise and insulitis progression in type 1 diabetes significantly. Conversely, early silica administration was able to deplete macrophages (as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry) and to block the rise in blood glucose levels and insulitis progression significantly. Silica-treated animals in this study showed the highest TRAP levels, demonstrating that depletion of macrophages also was able to improve the antioxidant status. This study suggested that macrophages are essential for type 1 diabetes development and showed that they also are involved when the antioxidant status is affected. The reported findings are significant in view of previous studies indicating that oxygen and/or nitrogen free radicals contribute to the islet β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes animal models. J. Cell. Biochem. 71:479-490, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microphase separation and rheology of a semicrystalline poly(ether-ester) multiblock copolymer (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 1795-1804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(ether-ester) ; rheology ; multiblock copolymer ; microphase separation transition ; crystallinity ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A microphase separation transition (MST) of a thermoplastic elastomer based on soft segments of poly(tetra methylene oxide) and hard crystalline segments of poly(tetra methylene terephthalate) has been studied by means of rheological measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), showing that the MST is entirely caused by melting/crystallization, and that no separate segmental mixing/demixing transition is involved. DSC and WAXS measurements show that melting starts at 190°C, leading to crystal reorganization effects up to above 200°C, and that a gradual decrease in crystallinity occurs from below 210°C up to 224°C, above which temperature no crystals are left. Rheological measurements reveal a wide MST (207-224°C) upon heating, which coincides perfectly with the melting range. From this coincidence together with the Maxwell fluid behavior directly following the MST, it is concluded that melting leads to a one-phase liquid, and that no separate segmental mixing transition occurs. Similar results are obtained upon cooling, indicating that crystallization is the driving force for phase separation and that no separate segmental demixing step precedes crystallization. The wide MST implies a large processing window over which the rheological properties change from highly elastic, with a distinct yield stress, to normal pseudoplastic, enabling application in preparation of structured blends. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1795-1804, 1998
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