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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling studies of the high mode pedestal : The 39th annual meeting of division of plasma physics of APS (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 1800-1806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structure and scaling of the H-mode (high mode) pedestal are examined for discharges in the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1986), p. 159]. For typical conditions, the pedestal values of the ion and electron temperatures Ti and Te are comparable. Measurements of main ion and C6+ profiles indicate that the ion pressure gradient in the barrier is 50%–100% of the electron pressure gradient for deuterium plasmas. The magnitude of the pressure gradient in the barrier often exceeds the predictions of infinite-n ballooning mode theory by a factor of 2. Moreover, via the bootstrap current, the finite pressure gradient acts to entirely remove ballooning stability limits for typical discharges. For a large dataset, the width of the pressure barrier δ is best described by the dimensionless scaling δ/R∝(βpolped)0.4 where (βpolped) is the pedestal value of poloidal beta and R is the major radius. Scalings based on the poloidal ion gyroradius or the edge density gradient do not adequately describe overall trends in the data set and the propagation of the pressure barrier observed between edge-localized modes. The width of the Ti barrier is quite variable and is not a good measure of the width of the pressure barrier. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872849
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advising The Committee (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00137
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthesis and conductance of spring-wheat leaves: field response to continuous free-air atmospheric CO2 enrichment (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Spring wheat was grown from emergence to grain maturity in two partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2): ambient air of nominally 37 Pa and air enriched with CO2 to 55 Pa using a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) apparatus. This experiment was the first of its kind to be conducted within a cereal field without the modifications or disturbance of microclimate and rooting environment that accompanied previous studies. It provided a unique opportunity to examine the hypothesis that continuous exposure of wheat to elevated pCO2 will lead to acclimatory loss of photosynthetic capacity. The diurnal courses of photosynthesis and conductance for upper canopy leaves were followed throughout the development of the crop and compared to model-predicted rates of photosynthesis. The seasonal average of midday photosynthesis rates was 28% greater in plants exposed to elevated pCO2 than in contols and the seasonal average of the daily integrals of photosynthesis was 21% greater in elevated pCO2 than in ambient air. The mean conductance at midday was reduced by 36%. The observed enhancement of photosynthesis in elevated pCO2 agreed closely with that predicted from a mechanistic biochemical model that assumed no acclimation of photosynthetic capacity. Measured values fell below predicted only in the flag leaves in the mid afternoon before the onset of grain-filling and over the whole diurnal course at the end of grain-filling. The loss of enhancement at this final stage was attributed to the earlier senescence of flag leaves in elevated pCO2. In contrast to some controlled-environment and field-enclosure studies, this field-scale study of wheat using free-air CO2 enrichment found little evidence of acclimatory loss of photosynthetic capacity with growth in elevated pCO2 and a significant and substantial increase in leaf photosynthesis throughout the life of the crop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00320.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermolysis of C60 thin films yields Ni-filled tapered nanotubes (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 67 (1998), S. 595-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.48+c; 73.61Wp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 60 and Ni deposited on a silica plate at 950 °C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies reveal that these tapered structures are almost completely filled with Ni and are closed at both ends. The diameters of the needles (2–5 μm in length) range between 10–20 nm at one end and 30–200 nm at the other. A surprisingly high degree of graphitization is observed in the walls of the nanotubes. These unique structures may prove useful as electrodes with various applications such as precision probes in biological systems or scanning tunnelling microscope tips.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050828
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-induced sign reversal of the nonlinear refractive index of Ag nanoclusters in soda-lime glass (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 517-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.65.Hw; 81.05.Ys; 42.70.Hq; 78.20.Nv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050427
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping And Characterization of the Eukaryotic Early Pregnancy Factor/Chaperonin 10 Gene Family (1998)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 24 (1998), S. 315-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Early pregnancy factor and mitochondrial chaperonin 10 have very different functions within mammals but the mature peptides have identical amino acid sequences. In order to understand the mechanisms by which identical proteins can have different functions and sites of activity, we have examined genomic DNA which could encode the protein. In most species studied, there is a large gene family of at least ten members with homology to the DNA sequence for this protein. Using a monochromosomal somatic cell hybrid panel, we have mapped the gene for human chaperonin 10 to chromosome 2. Other members of the human gene family map to several chromosomes. Chromosomes 1, 2 and 9 contain pseudogenes with Alu insertions while chromosome 16 has a pseudogene containing a short direct repeat flanking an insert. Chromosomes 1 and 16 may also carry a functional intronless copy of the EPF/Cpn10 sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024488422990
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theory of gridlock: Strategic behavior in legislative deliberations (1998)
    Springer
    Atlantic economic journal 26 (1998), S. 238-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9678
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper studies compromise and inflexibility in political negotiations. It provides the first analysis of gridlock, a result in which politicians fail to agree on an ideal compromise but which most voters find preferable to the status quo. A multistage game is developed in which contending political blocs choose from hardline or compromise strategies. The outcomes—compromise, gridlock, or one party's ideal legislation—are a function of the incentives of political actors to cooperate or fight. The model illustrates problems in political markets that may occur when consumers are poorly informed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02299342
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Trp in chi space (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of peptide research and therapeutics 5 (1998), S. 143-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Keywords: bombesin ; cholecystokinin ; conformational constraints ; novel tryptophan derivatives ; tachykinin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Our aim is to identify and synthesise a ‘family’ of tryptophan mimetics which thoroughly explore chi space and then incorporate them into selected ligands for biological receptors e.g. Tachykinin NK1. This project is considered important as only the ψ-ø angles have previously been explored; obtaining a greater understanding of the spacial orientation of the side chain in chi space (x 1-X2) should prove invaluable to the future design of peptidomimetics. The amino acid tryptophan was selected as it has proved pivotal in many pharmaceutic drug programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02443457
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Trp in chi space (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of peptide research and therapeutics 5 (1998), S. 143-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Keywords: bombesin ; cholecystokinin ; conformational constraints ; novel tryptophan derivatives ; tachykinin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Our aim is to identify and synthesise a ‘family’ of tryptophan mimetics which thoroughly explore chi space and then incorporate them into selected ligands for biological receptors e.g. Tachykinin NK1. This project is considered important as only the ψ-φ angles have previously been explored; obtaining a greater understanding of the spacial orientation of the side chain in chi space (χ1-χ2) should prove invaluable to the future design of peptidomimetics. The amino acid tryptophan was selected as it has proved pivotal in many pharmaceutic drug programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008873221653
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Proctolin Analogues: Synthesis and Biological Investigation in Insects (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of peptide research and therapeutics 5 (1998), S. 387-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Keywords: insect neuropeptide proctolin ; myotropic effects in insects ; proctolin and its analogues ; synthesis of proctolin analogues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We have extended our work on structure/activity relationship studies of the neuropeptiden proctolin (H-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH) by evaluating the effects of the following proctolin analogues: H-X1-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH, where X1 = D-Arg (I), N-Me-Arg (II), Can (III), Orn(di-Me) (IV), Orn(iPr) (V), Lys(N, N-di-Me) (VI), Lys(iPr) (VII), Lys(Nic) (VIII) and D-Lys(Nic) (IX). In analogues I–IX, the N-terminal Arg residue was replaced by basic amino acid derivatives with peptides containing amino acid residues with an isosteric system on the back side chain relative to Arg (compounds III, V and VI) or homo-Arg (compound VII). Analogues I–IX were evaluated for myotropic activity on the in vitro heart preparation of Tenebrio molitor, whereas peptides II, V, and VII–IX were tested for contractile activity on the isolated foregut of locust Schistocerca gregaria. Peptide II and III showed full cardiotropic activity in T. molitor while peptides V and VII showed 40% and 15%, respectively, locust-gut contracting activity of proctolin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008831309070
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