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  • Articles  (79)
  • Physics  (43)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (36)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 1998  (79)
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  • Articles  (79)
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  • 1995-1999  (79)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between morphology and glass transition temperature in solvent-crystallized poly(aryl ether ketones) (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) ; poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK) ; solvent-induced crystallization ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The relationship between semicrystalline morphology and glass transition temperature has been investigated for solvent-crystallized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK). Solvent-crystallized specimens of both PEEK and PEKK displayed a sizeable positive offset in Tg compared to quenched amorphous specimens as well as thermally crystallized specimens of comparable bulk crystallinity; the offset in Tg for the crystallized samples reflected the degree of constraint imposed on the amorphous segments by the crystallites. Small-angle X-ray scattering studies revealed markedly smaller crystal long periods (d) for the solvent-crystallized specimens compared to samples prepared by direct cold crystallization. The strong inverse correlation observed between Tg and interlamellar amorphous thickness (lA) based on a simple two-phase model was in excellent agreement with data reported previously for PEEK, and indicated the existence of a unique relationship between glass transition temperature and morphology in these poly(aryl ether ketones) over a wider range of sample preparation history and lamellar structure than was previously reported. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 65-73, 1998
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial thickness in bilayers of poly(phenylene oxide) and styrenic copolymers (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 3115-3125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: interfacial thickness ; PPO ; SAN ; SMA ; neutron reflectivity NR ; binary interaction energies ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Estimates for the thickness of the interface between poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) and copolymers of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA) based on the theory of Helfand and Tagami are compared to neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements. Good agreement is found between the NR measurements and theoretical predictions that make use of a mean field binary interaction model and previously reported binary interaction energies. The techniques outlined in this work may be used to understand relationships between the mechanical properties of multiphase polymer blends and the fundamental thermodynamics of polymer interactions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 3115-3125, 1998
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cocontinuity and phase inversion in HDPE/PS blends: Influence of interfacial modification and elasticity (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 1889-1899 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polymer ; blend ; cocontinuity ; phase inversion ; interface ; morphology ; elasticity ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In this work the level of continuity and cocontinuity for blends of HDPE/PS prepared on a twin-screw extruder have been studied by both morphology and dissolution studies. Addition of SEBS as an interfacial modifier results in a shift of the percolation threshold for dispersed PS to higher concentrations. The region of phase inversion, however, is maintained at 70% PS. The shift in the percolation threshold to higher values is related to reduced elongation of the PS dispersed phase after interfacial compatibilization. These results indicate that an interfacial modifier significantly influences percolation phenomena without shifting the region of phase inversion. Models based on viscosity ratio have failed to predict the region of phase inversion in this study. Elastic effects are shown to be able to describe the basic tendencies. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1889-1899, 1998
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobility of a tackifying resin in a pressure-sensitive adhesive (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 373-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: pressure-sensitive adhesive ; PSA ; tackifier ; tack adhesion ; polyisoprene ; poly(ethylene-propylene) ; pulsed gradient spin echo-nuclear magnetic resonance ; PGSE-NMR ; diffusion ; n-butyl ester of abietic acid ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A detailed study of the mobility of a tackifying resin in a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) has been done for the first time. The objective of this work is to relate changes in adhesive performance with tackifier loading to tackifier mobility. Tackifiers are low-molecular weight resins that improve the overall performance of PSAs. They increase the adhesive tack or the ability to form a bond of measurable strength after brief contact under slight applied pressure. In this study the diffusion of n-butyl ester of abietic acid (n-BEAA) in either polyisoprene (PI) (Mw = 195,000 Mw/Mn ∼ 1.05) or poly(ethylene-propylene) (PEP) (Mw = 40,000 Mw/Mn ∼ 2.30) was measured by Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (PGSE-NMR) as a function of both tackifier concentration and temperature. The concentration dependence of the tackifier's diffusion coefficient was weak for both systems. The weak variation in mobility with composition for the PI/n-BEAA system was consistent with that system's weak variation in tack with composition. On the other hand, blends of PEP/n-BEAA showed only modest variation in mobility, even though these adhesive systems showed appreciable enhancement of tack at intermediate compositions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 373-381, 1998
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid spectroscopic confirmation of the presence of polystyrene in polymer particles of mixed composition (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 999-1004 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: latex ; polystyrene ; luminescence ; particle ; micron-diameter ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A technique for rapid determination of the presence of polystyrene in individual micron-diameter polymer particles of mixed composition is presented. This technique is based upon observation of visible emission from conjugated regions of the polymer backbone, generated photochemically, while the particle is held in an optical trap. Particle emission characteristics are dependent upon particle size and suspending solvent. Emission spectra are provided for single component polystyrene particles and mixed polymer particles containing poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone), and polystyrene. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 999-1004, 1998
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, structure, and properties of hybrid organic-inorganic composites based on polysiloxanes. I. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers containing silica (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 1167-1189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(dimethylsiloxane) ; silica ; hydrolysis ; condensation ; gelation ; composites ; filled elastomers ; stress-strain isotherms ; reinforcement ; X-ray scattering ; neutron scattering ; fractal geometry ; disordered systems ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Various synthetic protocols were used to prepare several classes of polysiloxane-silica filler systems. The structures of these fillers and their interactions with the polysiloxane matrices were studied using small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering. In addition, the mechanical properties of the composites were characterized using equilibrium stress-strain isotherms in elongation. The results indicated that manipulation of the chemical reactions used to generate the filler can lead to a wide range of complex structures and unusual properties. Some of the observed mechanical properties were correlated with information on the composite structures and on elastomer-filler interactions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1167-1189, 1998
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, structure, and properties of hybrid organic-inorganic composites based on polysiloxanes. II. Comparisons between poly(methylphenylsiloxane) and poly(dimethylsiloxane), and between titania and silica (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 1191-1200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(methylphenylsiloxane) ; poly(dimethylsiloxane) ; titania ; silica ; composites ; reinforced elastomers ; morphology ; stress-strain isotherms ; scattering intensities ; differential scanning calorimetry ; transmission electron microscopy ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The work reported in the preceding article in this series is extended by consideration of polysiloxane-ceramic composites based on atactic poly(methylphenylsiloxane) (PMPS) elastomers instead of poly(dimethylsiloxane). The former is noncrystallizable because of its stereochemically irregular structure, while the latter is crystallizable. In addition, some composites were prepared by the in situ precipitation of titania instead of silica. The resulting materials were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, equilibrium stress-strain measurements in elongation, small-angle neutron scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The moduli of the PMPS elastomers were found to increase significantly with increase in amount of either type of filler, with reinforcing upturns at high elongation in the case of the silica. Because the PMPS elastomers were amorphous, it is obvious that strain-induced crystallization is not required for these upturns in modulus. Titania did not give as good reinforcement as did silica, at least in the case of PMPS. Differences in interactions between the polymer and the two fillers are obviously important in this regard, but differences in particle morphology probably also contribute. Specifically, the titania “particles” were significantly larger than the silica particles when observed in TEM, and appeared to be much more porous. The actual domain size as measured by scattering, however, was only approximately 5% larger. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1191-1200, 1998
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological properties of hydrophobically modified alkali-soluble polymers - effects of ethylene-oxide chain length (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 2275-2290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: associative polymers ; rheology ; thickening ; hydrophobic ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The rheological properties of hydrophobic alkali-soluble associative polymers (HASE) were studied using controlled rate (Mettler LS40) and controlled stress (TA CSL 500) rheometers. The effects of pH and polymer concentrations on the rheological properties of three HASE model polymer systems (i.e., HASE 5141, 5134, and 5142, with a degree of ethoxylation of 2.5, 10, and 40 mol, respectively) and a reference polymer without associative hydrophobes (MAAEA) were examined. As the pH is increased by addition of ammonia to greater than 5-6, the carboxyl groups ionize to carboxylate ions and the polymers become water soluble. The HASE polymers thicken mainly by hydrophobic association. Viscosity can increase by two to three orders of magnitude as pH is raised to 9. The degree of ethoxylation in the macromonomer controls the nature of the hydrophobic association junctions by altering the flexibility and hydrophobicity of the macromonomer. Optimum thickening efficiency is observed in the system with approximately 10 mol of an ethylene-oxide spacer between the polymer backbone and the macromonomer. Viscoelastic study shows that the maximum thickening efficiency also corresponds to the dominant elastic property observed in the system with 10 mol of EO. All the model systems except the control system without hydrophobe exhibit strain thickening of the viscous and elastic components. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2275-2290, 1998
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oct-1 enhances the in vitro replication of a mammalian autonomously replicating DNA sequence (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 309-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: in vitro replication ; ors8 ; Oct-1 transcription factor ; POU domain ; mammalian autonomously replicating DNA sequence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A 186-base pair fragment of ors8, a mammalian autonomously replicating DNA sequence isolated by extrusion of nascent monkey DNA in early S phase, has previously been identified as the minimal sequence required for replication function in vitro and in vivo. This 186-base pair fragment contains, among other sequence characteristics, an imperfect consensus binding site for the ubiquitous transcription factor Oct-1. We have investigated the role of Oct-1 protein in the in vitro replication of this mammalian origin. Depletion of the endogenous Oct-1 protein, by inclusion of an oligonucleotide comprising the Oct-1 binding site, inhibited the in vitro replication of p186 to approximately 15-20% of the control, whereas a mutated Oct-1 and a nonspecific oligonucleotide had no effect. Furthermore, immunodepletion of the Oct-1 protein from the HeLa cell extracts by addition of an anti-POU antibody to the in vitro replication reactioninhibited p186 replication to 25% of control levels. This inhibition of replication could be partially reversed to 50-65% of control levels, a two- to threefold increase, upon the addition of exogenous Oct-1 POU domain protein.Site-directed mutagenesis of the octamer binding site in p186 resulted in a mutant clone, p186-MutOct, which abolished Oct-1 binding but was still able to replicate as efficiently as the wild-type p186. The results suggest that Oct-1 protein is an enhancing component in the in vitro replication of p186 but that its effect on replication is not caused through direct binding to the octamer motif. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:309-327, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of the pro-α2(I) COOH-terminal region in assembly of type I collagen: Disruption of two intramolecular disulfide bonds in pro-α2(I) blocks assembly of type I collagen (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 71 (1998), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: assembly of type I collagen ; COOH-terminal propeptide ; pesin-resistant heterotrimers ; disulfide bonds ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Collagen biosynthesis is a complex process that begins with the association of three procollagen chains. A series of conserved intra- and interchain disulfide bonds in the carboxyl-terminal region of the procollagen chains, or C-propeptide, has been hypothesized to play an important role in the nucleation and alignment of the chains. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the ability of normal and cysteine-mutated pro-α2(I) chains to assemble into type I collagen heterotrimers when expressed in a cell line (D2) that produces only endogenous pro-α1(I). Pro-α2(I) chains containing single or double cysteine mutations that disrupted individual intra- or interchain disulfide bonds were able to form pepsin resistant type I collagen with pro-α1(I), indicating that individual disulfide bonds were not critical for assembly of the pro-α2(I) chain with pro-α1(I). Pro-α2(I) chains containing a triple cysteine mutation that disrupted both intrachain disulfide bonds were not able to form pepsin resistant type I collagen with pro-α1(I). Therefore, disruption of both pro-α2(I) intrachain disulfide bonds prevented the production and secretion of type I collagen heterotrimers. Although none of the individual disulfide bonds is essential for assembly of the procollagen chains, the presence of at least one intrachain disulfide bond may be necessary as a structural requirement for chain association or to stabilize the protein to prevent intracellular degradation. J.Cell. Biochem. 71:233-242, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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