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  • 1
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 3342-3349 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A model is proposed to calculate the effect of particle and momentum losses due to unconfined ion orbits at the edge of the plasma in a reversed field pinch device. The value of the shearing rate can be obtained, requiring that the electromagnetic force due to the return current in the confined plasma is equilibrated by the reaction force due to direct ion momentum losses. A natural scaling of the shearing rate with the ion cyclotron frequency is obtained by assuming that this equilibrium is achieved through the effect of orbit squeezing caused by the finite value of the radial electric field gradient. The extension of the shear layer has been obtained requiring that the contribution of charge exchange viscosity to the perpendicular momentum balance is negligible. A shear layer width scaling as the Larmor radius is obtained. The scaling relations derived account for recent observations obtained in the reversed field experiment, RFX [G. Rostagni, Fusion Eng. Des. 25, 301 (1995)]. A quantitative comparison with experimental data indicates that impurities in low ionization stages can play an important role in the shear layer dynamics. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 10197-10204 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polarized light scattering experiments in the GHz frequency range (Rayleigh–Brillouin spectra) are reported for liquid acetonitrile. Hypersonic velocities and absorption coefficients have been measured as a function of temperature and of transferred wave vector. The plots of these quantities versus frequency show characteristic dispersion which is indicative of relaxation phenomena. The occurring relaxation has been interpreted as due to a thermal process in which the translational energy of molecules is transferred, during the collisions or through dipolar interactions, into internal degrees of freedom of low quanta vibrational motions. The quite strange behavior of the relaxation time with the temperature has been interpreted and compared with the behavior of the relaxation time in liquid chloroform. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Restriction site analysis of PCR products from a conserved region of the cytochrome b gene has been used for the specific identification of sole (Solea solea), European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and flounder (Platichthys flesus). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the cytochrome b gene using universal primers produced a 359 bp fragment in all species analyzed. Digestion of the PCR products with Nci I, Sau 3AI and Hinf I endonucleases, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis of the digested PCR products, yielded specific profiles that enabled direct identification of the fish species. This methodology should prove useful for enforcing labeling regulations in the authentication of flatfish species.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 17 (1998), S. 765-772 
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper a new computer-aided digital system for partial discharge (PD) measurements is presented. The system is able to collect a great number of data, up to a pulse repetition rate of 100kHz, during the acquisition phase, thus allowing an off-line analysis of PD data. After a description of the instrument, some experimental tests performed on epoxy specimens are here presented in terms of amplitude, phase and energy resolved histograms. Finally, emphasis is given to the very interesting use of the instrument for pattern recognition techniques in the discrimination and classification of discharges in HV components.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Addition of glucose to Saccharomyces cerevisiae inactivates the maltose transporter. The general consensus is that this inactivation, called catabolite inactivation, is one of the control mechanisms developed by this organism to use glucose preferentially whenever it is available. Using nitrogen-starved cells (resting cells), it has been shown that glucose triggers endocytosis and degradation of the transporter in the vacuole. We now show that maltose itself triggers inactivation and degradation of its own transporter as efficiently as glucose. This fact, and the observation that glucose inactivates a variety of plasma membrane proteins including glucose transporters themselves, suggests that catabolite inactivation of the maltose transporter in nitrogen-starved cells is not a control mechanism specifically directed to ensure a preferential use of glucose. It is proposed that, in this metabolic condition, inactivation of the maltose transporter might be due to the stimulation of the general protein turnover that follows nitrogen starvation.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A predictive approach was assayed to evaluate the possibility of mutant Amp-C β-lactamase emergence with increased substrate spectrum (including new C-3′ quaternary ammonium cephems). The ampC gene encoding the AmpC β-lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae was cloned and expressed in an AmpC-defective strain of E. coli. After the AmpC containing strain was challenged with cefpirome, an ampC variant encoding an enzyme with increased resistance to cefpirome and cefepime was selected. In addition, this variant conferred increased resistance to penicillins and third generation cephalosporins. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined. The deduced peptide sequence showed a single change with respect to the wild-type gene: valine to glutamic acid at position 318 of the native protein (298 of the mature enzyme). The potential emergence and spread of this type of AmpC variants among pathogens should be considered.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Sodium hexyl sulfate ; sodium octyl sulfate ; sodium decyl sulfate ; sodium dodecyl sulfate ; formamide ; hexanol ; surface tension ; apparent molar volume ; apparent molar heat capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Density measurements of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium decyl sulfate (SDeS), sodium octyl sulfate(SOS), and sodium hexyl sulfate(SHS) in formamide (FA) as functions of the surfactant concentrations were carried out at 25°C. For SDS in FA, additional density measurements at 35 and 60°C and surface tension and specific heat capacity measurements at 25°C were also performed. From density and specific heat capacity data, the apparent molar volume and heat capacity of the surfactants as functions of concentration were calculated. The surface excess of SDS at the solution–air interface was also determined from the surface tension measurements using the Gibbs adsorption equation. Under our experimental conditions, none of the experimental results evidence micelle formation. In addition, volumetric studies of the hexanol–SDS–FA ternary system at 25°C evidence only interactions between the dispersed surfactant and alcohol.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Lateral gene transfer — UDP-glucose dehydrogenase — Capsular polysaccharides — Pneumococcus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors both in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A similar cluster organization of the genes involved in the synthesis of bacterial exopolysaccharides has been postulated in both cases, suggesting that these clusters evolved by module assembly. Horizontal gene transfer has been postulated to explain the polymorphism found in these cellular polymers. The cap1K and cap3A genes coding for the pneumococcal type 1 and type 3 UDP-glucose dehydrogenases, respectively, have been compared with other UDP-sugar dehydrogenases. We have observed that the evolutionary distance between Cap1K and Cap3A is approximately equal to that found between Cap1K (or Cap3A) and other UDP-GlcDH of families evolutionarily distant like KfiD, the dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli K5. On the basis of comparisons of G + C content, patterns of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions, dinucleotide frequencies, and codon usage bias, we conclude that the kfiD gene has been introduced into E. coli from an exogenous source, probably from a streptococcal species.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: adsorbable organic halogen ; chloride ; bromide ; microwave induced plasmas ; optical emission spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The element specific detection of the adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) parameter in waters has been investigated by adsorption of the halogenated analytes on activated carbon, incineration to yield carbon dioxide and hydrogen halide, trapping of the halide on a 0.01 M sodium hydroxide solution and online introduction of the halogen formed by continuous oxidation into a microwave induced plasma (MIP). Detection has been carried out by optical emission spectrometry (OES) in the visible spectral region. The performance of three microwave cavities for MIP-OES running at atmospheric pressure (Beenakker, Surfatron and Microwave Plasma Torch) as well as a reduced pressure Surfatron were investigated for halide analysis. The Surfatron device operated at 30 torr provided the best detection limits: 3ng.ml−1 for chloride and 8 ng.ml−1 for bromide; consequently, it was the plasma chosen for AOX analysis. On-line continuous oxidation of organic compounds using KMnO4 in H2SO4 medium and in batch catalytic dechlorination with a Fe/Pd system were investigated as alternatives to the incineration method for the destruction of organic halogens to render inorganic halides are also investigated. Finally, the optimized method has been applied successfully to the determination of organochloride and organobromide in spiked river waters, being the recoveries in the interval 92–105%.
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