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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (23)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (23)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1998  (23)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical and Structural Changes in Apple (Var. Granny Smith) Due to Vacuum Impregnation with Cryoprotectants (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Freezing ensures the longterm preservation of fruits, but usually destroys cell compartmentation of fruit tissues, thereby increasing the probability of undesirable reactions. The use of cryoprotectants/cryostabilizers may reduce ice crystal damage by modifying the glass transition of frozen fruit or reducing freezable water content. The use of vacuum impregnation to introduce cryopreservatives into the fruits was tested. Apple samples were vacuum impregnated with concentrated grape musts and pectin solutions, by applying vacuum (50 mbars) for 5 min and afterwards restoring atmospheric pressure while fruit remained immersed. Most compositional, mechanical and structural properties improved as a result of vacuum impregnation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15772.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tortillas from Extruded Masa as Related to Corn Genotype and Milling Process (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of mill type (Knife and Hammer mill) and screen size (500 and 800μ) on properties of masa and tortillas from two types of corn (dent and floury endosperm) were evaluated. The traditional process was a control. Particle size and starch damage were highest for knife mill with screen opening 500μ. Tortillas from dent corn had better quality than those from floury corn. Cutting force, tensile strength, and rollability of tortillas from extruded masa from dent corn hammer milled with 800μ screen, and those made with floury corn knife milled with 500μ screen, compared favorably with traditional tortillas. Overall quality score correlated with starch damage, adhesiveness and peak viscosity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15692.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of peroxidases from the dye-decolorizing fungus Bjerkandera adusta (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 165 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A peroxidase oxidizing Mn2+ (MnP) is described for the first time in Bjerkandera adusta, a fungus efficiently degrading xenobiotic compounds. The MnP appeared as two isoenzymes, which were purified to homogeneity together with two lignin peroxidases (LiP). Their N-terminal sequences were identical, but the MnP isoenzymes showed more basic isoelectric points and differences in amino acid composition and catalytic properties. The B. adusta LiP is similar to LiP from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. However, the interest of the MnP described here is related to its ability to catalyze Mn2+-mediated as well as Mn2+-independent reactions on aromatic compounds, which may be of use for applications in biotechnology and environmental technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13125.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil degradation and desertification induced by vegetation removal in a semiarid environment (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 14 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The fragile soils at the transition between semiarid and arid areas are continuously threatened by human activity, which frequently involves the elimination of plant cover. We studied the impact of vegetation removal on soil characteristics in senmiarid Mediterranean Spain using two plots (15 m ± 5 m), installed on a north facing slope of 23%. Vegetation was removed from one of the plots (disturbed plot), and changes in the soil characteristics were compared with an undisturbed control plot. Fifty-five months after vegetation removal the organic carbon content decreased by 35%, the percentage of stable aggregates by 31% and soil bulk density increased by 8%. The models that best represented the changes of these parameters with time were linear equations. There were no significant differences between the water retention capacity or saturated hydraulic conductivity of the treatments. The rapid loss of soil organic matter and the consequences in terms of physical soil properties were considered to be the main factors in soil degradation. No symptoms of natural recovery were observed in the disturbed plot and the tendency was for a steady deterioration in soil behaviour. This means that human activity or climatic change leading to less vegetation could result in irreversible soil degradation in semiarid areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00602.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Milling and Processing Parameters for Corn Tortillas from Extruded Instant Dry Masa Flour (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A continuous extrusion process to provide instant corn flour for tortillas was evaluated. Variables investigated included two types of mill (knives and hammer) with screens with two diameters (0.5 and 0.8 mm), two types of corn (hard endosperm or normal and soft endosperm or cacahuazintle), lime concentration (0.15 and 0.25% w/w), processing moisture (45 and 48% w/w) and temperature (70,80 and 90°C). The water absorption capacity, water solubility index, color of instant corn flour, adhesiveness of masa, tensile strength, cutting force, rollability and puffing of tortillas, were compared. Based on textural data the hammer mill with 0.8 mm sieve, normal corn type, 0.15% lime, 48% moisture and 90°C processing temperature, produced the highest quality tortillas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15737.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing erucic acid content in Ethiopian mustard through mutation breeding (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) was applied to seeds of the Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) line C-101. Bulk samples of M3 seeds from 8331 M2 plants were evaluated for the fatty acid composition of their oil by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and by further gas chromatography on selected samples. A putative mutant, N2-6230, showing very low oleic acid content (4.7% vs. average of 8.6% in C-101) and erucic acid content within the range of variation of the line C-101 (40-49.3%) was identified. The M3 progeny of this mutant showed a wide segregation for erucic acid content (39.1-57.9% vs. 41.8-50.3% in C-101), and maintained levels of oleic acid lower than in line C-101. Selection for high erucic acid content in the M3 and M4 generations led to the fixation of this mutation in the M5 generation (52.2-59.3% vs. 39.0-47.6% in C-101). This is the first high erucic acid line obtained in Brassica species through mutation breeding. Its utility in future programmes to develop very high erucic acid lines is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01454.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive behaviour and broomrape resistance in interspecific hybrids of sunflower (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Interspecific hybrids and backcross generations between the wild perennial species Helianthus resinosus, Helianthus paucifiorus, Helianthus laevigatus, Helianthus nuttallii ssp. nuttallii T. & G. and Helianthus giganteus, resistant to broomrape (Orobanche cernua) and susceptible inbred lines were obtained to study crossability to cultivated sunflower and the transmission and expression of resistance to this parasitic weed. Conventional crosses with all the species tested were successful except for the crosses with diploid H. giganteus, for which embryo rescue techniques were needed to overcome hybrid incompatibility. Pollen viability and seed set were highest for F1 hybrids with hexaploid species and lowest for those with the diploid H. giganteus. We evaluated F1, BC1F1, some BC2F1 plants and the wild and cultivated parents. The wild species and interspecific hybrids were resistant to broomrape infection except for H. nuttallii, which showed segregation, indicating that the resistance is dominant. The crossability and resistance of F1, and back-cross generations of species with different ploidy levels indicate that the transfer of broomrape resistance to cultivated sunflower is feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01940.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE, FAT CONTENT AND PACKAGE MATERIAL ON THE SENSORY SHELF-LIFE OF A COMMERCIAL MAYONNAISE (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 13 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mayonnaise is microbiologically stable, thus its shelf-life is determined by the change in its sensory properties, mainly flavor changes due to oxidative rancidity of its main component, oil. The effect of storage temperature, fat content and type of package on the shelf-life of a commercial mayonnaise was studied. Sensory descriptors with corresponding references are presented. The sensory descriptors which varied with storage time were: total aroma, and for flavor: egg, oily and oxidized. Rate of oxidized flavor change was greater in whole fat than in low fat mayonnaise. For 10 cm3 pouches, package related flavors were developed during storage. Shelf-life ± confidence interval for whole fat mayonnaise was 184 ± 18, 24 ± 9 and 20 ± 5 days at 20, 35 and 45C, respectively. Development of oxidized flavor followed a zero order reaction rate, activation energy was 15 kcal/mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.1998.tb00093.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fasting and refeeding on growth and body composition of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus L. (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Red porgies, Pagrus pagrus L., were fasted for 7, 14 or 28 days, and were then allowed to feed on pellets released from demand feeders. Biological responses during fasting and refeeding were examined. The factors considered were growth, organosomatic indices and proximate body composition (protein, fat, ash and moisture). Fasted red porgies lost weight and had higher relative weights of eviscerated body than control fish. Refeeding was accompanied by hyperphagy, which resulted in similar total food demand being shown by all groups. Fish which had been deprived of food displayed compensatory growth and the final weights of these fish at the end of the experiment were similar to controls. There were no significant changes caused by fasting in the relative proportion of body chemical components. Calculations based upon changes in protein and lipid content suggest that more protein than lipid is metabolized during the first phase (14 days) of a fast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1998.00228.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of biota to aeration rate in low water exchange ponds farming white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The response of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos to four aeration rates was evaluated in ponds farming white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, with less than 5% water exchange. Phytoplankton biomass (measured as chlorophyll-fl) was higher in ponds with aeration rates of 0 and 6 h day−1 than in those with rates of 24 hday−1. The abundance of zooplankton and benthos (organisms m−2) were higher in ponds with aeration rates of 0 and 6 h day−1, and lower in ponds with rates of 12 and 24 h day−1. The nauplii of different crustaceans, copepods and larval polychaetes were the most abundant organisms of the zooplankton community. Differences in zooplankton composition were observed among treatments. Polychaetes were the most abundant benthic organisms during the culture period. These organisms were more abundant in ponds with lower aeration rates. The guts of shrimp from ponds with aeration rates of 0 and 6 h day−1 had a higher abundance of zooplankton and benthic organisms than those from the other treatments. That abundance decreased over time in all treatments. Shrimp had better growth in ponds with an aeration of 6 hday−1. Survival and yield were similar in ponds with aeration rates of 6, 12 and 24 h day−1, and lower in ponds with rates of 0 h day−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1998.00246.x
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