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  • Springer  (182)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (23)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (207)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1998  (207)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Freezing ensures the longterm preservation of fruits, but usually destroys cell compartmentation of fruit tissues, thereby increasing the probability of undesirable reactions. The use of cryoprotectants/cryostabilizers may reduce ice crystal damage by modifying the glass transition of frozen fruit or reducing freezable water content. The use of vacuum impregnation to introduce cryopreservatives into the fruits was tested. Apple samples were vacuum impregnated with concentrated grape musts and pectin solutions, by applying vacuum (50 mbars) for 5 min and afterwards restoring atmospheric pressure while fruit remained immersed. Most compositional, mechanical and structural properties improved as a result of vacuum impregnation.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of mill type (Knife and Hammer mill) and screen size (500 and 800μ) on properties of masa and tortillas from two types of corn (dent and floury endosperm) were evaluated. The traditional process was a control. Particle size and starch damage were highest for knife mill with screen opening 500μ. Tortillas from dent corn had better quality than those from floury corn. Cutting force, tensile strength, and rollability of tortillas from extruded masa from dent corn hammer milled with 800μ screen, and those made with floury corn knife milled with 500μ screen, compared favorably with traditional tortillas. Overall quality score correlated with starch damage, adhesiveness and peak viscosity.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A peroxidase oxidizing Mn2+ (MnP) is described for the first time in Bjerkandera adusta, a fungus efficiently degrading xenobiotic compounds. The MnP appeared as two isoenzymes, which were purified to homogeneity together with two lignin peroxidases (LiP). Their N-terminal sequences were identical, but the MnP isoenzymes showed more basic isoelectric points and differences in amino acid composition and catalytic properties. The B. adusta LiP is similar to LiP from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. However, the interest of the MnP described here is related to its ability to catalyze Mn2+-mediated as well as Mn2+-independent reactions on aromatic compounds, which may be of use for applications in biotechnology and environmental technology.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present the analysis of a phase-shift sequence obtained from random transitions between periodic solutions of a biochemical dynamical model, formed by a system of three differential equations and which represent an instability-generating multienzymatic mechanism. The phase-shift series was studied in terms of Hurst’s rescaled range analysis. We found that the data were characterized by a Hurst exponent H = 0.69, which was clearly indicative of long-term trends. This result had a high significance level, as was confirmed through Monte Carlo simulations in which the data were scrambled in the series, destroying its original ordering. For these series we obtained a Hurst exponent which was consistent with the expectation of H = 0.5 for a random independent process. This clearly showed that, although the transitions between the periodic solutions were provoked randomly, the stochastic process obtained exhibited long-term persistence. The fractal dimension was also estimated and found to be consistent with the value of the Hurst exponent.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Vitis vinifera ; AFLPs ; Cultivar identification ; Clone identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  AFLPs were used to characterize 67 different grapevine accessions from a collection of D.O.Ca. Rioja in Spain. A correct selection of primers and selective nucleotides allowed us to maximize the number of amplified fragments analyzed per reaction yielding an average of 100 per reaction, 49% of which were polymorphic. Based on the presence or absence of amplified fragments for each genotype resulting from a reaction with two primer combinations, we have established the genetic similarity between the different accessions in the collection. These results allowed us to resolve different genotypes maintained under the same name (homonyms) and to identify the same genotype under different names (synonyms) thus permitting the elimination of redundant germplasm. Furthermore, by providing information on more than 50 polymorphic loci per reaction, a few reactions were sufficient to identify distinct AFLP patterns characteristic of specific clones, with different agronomic and organoleptic features, belonging to the same cultivar. The possibility for clonal identification, shown here for grapevines, can have important implications in the protection and management of clonal selections.
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  • 6
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 14 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The fragile soils at the transition between semiarid and arid areas are continuously threatened by human activity, which frequently involves the elimination of plant cover. We studied the impact of vegetation removal on soil characteristics in senmiarid Mediterranean Spain using two plots (15 m ± 5 m), installed on a north facing slope of 23%. Vegetation was removed from one of the plots (disturbed plot), and changes in the soil characteristics were compared with an undisturbed control plot. Fifty-five months after vegetation removal the organic carbon content decreased by 35%, the percentage of stable aggregates by 31% and soil bulk density increased by 8%. The models that best represented the changes of these parameters with time were linear equations. There were no significant differences between the water retention capacity or saturated hydraulic conductivity of the treatments. The rapid loss of soil organic matter and the consequences in terms of physical soil properties were considered to be the main factors in soil degradation. No symptoms of natural recovery were observed in the disturbed plot and the tendency was for a steady deterioration in soil behaviour. This means that human activity or climatic change leading to less vegetation could result in irreversible soil degradation in semiarid areas.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A continuous extrusion process to provide instant corn flour for tortillas was evaluated. Variables investigated included two types of mill (knives and hammer) with screens with two diameters (0.5 and 0.8 mm), two types of corn (hard endosperm or normal and soft endosperm or cacahuazintle), lime concentration (0.15 and 0.25% w/w), processing moisture (45 and 48% w/w) and temperature (70,80 and 90°C). The water absorption capacity, water solubility index, color of instant corn flour, adhesiveness of masa, tensile strength, cutting force, rollability and puffing of tortillas, were compared. Based on textural data the hammer mill with 0.8 mm sieve, normal corn type, 0.15% lime, 48% moisture and 90°C processing temperature, produced the highest quality tortillas.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) was applied to seeds of the Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) line C-101. Bulk samples of M3 seeds from 8331 M2 plants were evaluated for the fatty acid composition of their oil by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and by further gas chromatography on selected samples. A putative mutant, N2-6230, showing very low oleic acid content (4.7% vs. average of 8.6% in C-101) and erucic acid content within the range of variation of the line C-101 (40-49.3%) was identified. The M3 progeny of this mutant showed a wide segregation for erucic acid content (39.1-57.9% vs. 41.8-50.3% in C-101), and maintained levels of oleic acid lower than in line C-101. Selection for high erucic acid content in the M3 and M4 generations led to the fixation of this mutation in the M5 generation (52.2-59.3% vs. 39.0-47.6% in C-101). This is the first high erucic acid line obtained in Brassica species through mutation breeding. Its utility in future programmes to develop very high erucic acid lines is discussed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Interspecific hybrids and backcross generations between the wild perennial species Helianthus resinosus, Helianthus paucifiorus, Helianthus laevigatus, Helianthus nuttallii ssp. nuttallii T. & G. and Helianthus giganteus, resistant to broomrape (Orobanche cernua) and susceptible inbred lines were obtained to study crossability to cultivated sunflower and the transmission and expression of resistance to this parasitic weed. Conventional crosses with all the species tested were successful except for the crosses with diploid H. giganteus, for which embryo rescue techniques were needed to overcome hybrid incompatibility. Pollen viability and seed set were highest for F1 hybrids with hexaploid species and lowest for those with the diploid H. giganteus. We evaluated F1, BC1F1, some BC2F1 plants and the wild and cultivated parents. The wild species and interspecific hybrids were resistant to broomrape infection except for H. nuttallii, which showed segregation, indicating that the resistance is dominant. The crossability and resistance of F1, and back-cross generations of species with different ploidy levels indicate that the transfer of broomrape resistance to cultivated sunflower is feasible.
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