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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (3)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (1)
  • 2020-2021
  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (1)
  • 1960-1964
  • 2002  (3)
  • 1998  (1)
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  • 2020-2021
  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (1)
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 323-329 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a homodyne pulse-sampling electrostatic force microscopy technique using a pulse position modulation method for the noncontact measurement of internal voltage waveforms in integrated circuits. The measurement system operates by monitoring the mechanical deflection of a micromachined probe as it responds to electric forces induced by the circuit voltage waveform. Although the mechanical response of typical probes used in such systems is limited to few kHz, measurement of high frequency repetitive waveforms is enabled by applying a high speed sampling pulse signal to the probe with the pulse position modulated at a rate below the probe mechanical resonance. This results in down conversion of the circuit induced electric force harmonics to within the probe mechanical response, thus allowing the measurement of high frequency signals. The proposed technique is modeled using Fourier analysis of the measurement system response, and is demonstrated by the measurement of a 0.8 Mbit/s digital pattern on a CMOS test pad. The performance of the measurement system is analyzed based on obtained measurements and simulated system response. An analysis of the method capabilities shows a measurement sensitivity of 13 mVrms/(square root of)Hz. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 34 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Model estimation and prediction of a river flow system are investigated using nonlinear system identification techniques. We demonstrate how the dynamics of the system, rainfall, and river flow can be modeled using NARMAX (Nonlinear Autoregressive Moving Average with eXogenuous input) models. The parameters of the model are estimated using an orthogonal least squares algorithm with intelligent structure detection. The identification of the nonlinear model is described to represent the relationship between local rainfall and river flow at Enoree station (inputs) and river flow at Whitmire (output) for a river flow system in South Carolina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 34 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The numbers of T lymphocytes and T cell subsets (CD2+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), activated T cells (CD26+), B cells (CD19+), granulocytes (CD15+) and natural killer cells (CD16/56) were monitored by flow cytometry in 79 kidney transplant recipients, 35 of whom had cytomegalovirus infection. The percentages of these cells were correlated with viral load, as determined by cytomegalovirus antigenemia. Development of cytomegaloviral infection coincided with a significant reduction in the percentages of CD4+ (P〈0.005) and CD3+ (P〈0.05) cells. Monitoring of lymphocyte subsets may provide useful information on immunological events during cytomegaloviral infection.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 32 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study was aimed at determining (a) the extent of proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in response to stimulation by cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected fibroblasts and (b) the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in kidney transplant recipients with and without active CMV infection. Thirty patients with, and 39 without active CMV infection, diagnosed by a CMV antigenemia assay (AA), were studied. PBMC of patients with active CMV infection showed significantly lower proliferation than those without ongoing CMV infection (P〈0.0001). The levels of Th2-type cytokines (interleukin (IL-) 4 and IL-10) in AA-negative and AA-positive kidney transplant recipients were similar but the levels of the Th1-type cytokines interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α (P〈0.05) and IL-2 were significantly lower in AA-positive kidney transplant recipients (P〈0.0005).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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