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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 603-606 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Gamma-ray measurements from fast burning deuterium/tritium capsules used in the laser based fusion program inherently carry more high bandwidth information than neutron measurements because they are not subject to Doppler induced time-of-flight broadening. GaAs photoconducting detectors are used to record both the gamma-ray and neutron pulses temporally separated by the time-of-flight difference. The technique has been successfully demonstrated to produce gamma-ray burn history measurements for capsules yielding more than 1012 neutrons.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5082-5084 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: When making linear or nonlinear conductivity measurements it is often desirable to apply a high magnetic field locally to a sample. If the whole magnet assembly is integral to the sample probe, then, particularly when making low temperature measurements, a low total mass is desired. We have designed, modeled, and tested a variable magnetic field sweep unit suitable for use over a wide temperature range from cryogenic to (approximate)200 °C which provides a sweepable uniform magnetic field over an air gap of 2 mm and spatial extent of 4 mm×4 mm. The unit consists of a magnet yoke structure with a mass of 18 g and a spur gear driven rotatable magnet to vary the gap field in a nearly sinusoidal manner as a function of the magnet rotation angle. In the present design, a 20 g SmCo magnet has been used which allows for low temperature operation to (approximate)10 K, when attached to a cryogenic refrigerator cold finger. The shape of the magnetic yoke structure has been modeled and optimized using three-dimensional magnetic field software. The gap field uniformity can thus be modeled and tested experimentally. In a present working model the field for a 2 mm gap at room temperature B(θ)=1.05⋅cos(θ)(T) where θ is the magnet rotation angle. The field sweep amplitude at 19 K only increased by 3% over the 295 K value. With 0.25-mm-thick permunder pole tips, the field amplitude in a similar unit was increased to 1.20 T over a gap of 1.5 mm. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 156 (1997), S. 131 -139 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: System X−AG— CHO-K1 mutant — Osmotic shock — Volume — Steric field-flow fractionation — PCMBS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Two Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO-K1) mutants selected for defective glutamate transport via system X− AG are also highly permeable to small neutral molecules. Light microscopy demonstrated that exposure of one of these mutants, Ed-A1, to hypo-osmotic medium led to extremely rapid swelling, presumably due to increased water flux. When placed in 20% saline, Ed-A1 cells swelled to three times their original volume within 15 sec, a sixfold larger increase than parental CHO-K1. In spite of this rapid volume increase, mutant and wild-type cells remained viable for 20 min in dilute saline. A regulatory volume decrease in Ed-A1, and the continual swelling of CHO-K1, resulted in the two cells achieving equal size after 5 min in 20% saline. The time course of these volume changes permitted analysis of large numbers of cells by a hydrodynamic technique, steric field flow fractionation (FFF). Steric FFF demonstrated the expected inhibition of osmotic swelling of human erythrocytes by the mercurial, p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid (PCMBS). However, PCMBS increased the apparent swelling rate of Ed-A1 and CHO-K1, suggesting that an aquaporin-like molecule is not responsible for any significant fraction of the water fluxes into either line. PCMBS also strongly inhibited aspartate transport by system X− AG. By taking advantage of their different swelling rates in hypotonic medium, steric FFF can separate mixtures of CHO-K1 and Ed-A1.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Ascorbate peroxidase ; cDNA ; Glycine (ascorbate peroxidase)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Screening of a cDNA library from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Century) with probes based upon cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (APx; EC 1.11.1.11) genes identified two full-length clones (SOYAPx1, SOYAPx2) apparently encoding for different soybean leaf cytosolic APxs. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two APx cDNA products differed in 13 of the 250 amino acids. The SOYAPx1 cDNA was identical to the cytosolic APx cDNA previously found in soybean root nodules. Escherichia coli expression systems were developed using both soybean APx cDNAs. Recombinant SOYAPx1 and SOYAPx2 were then utilized to characterize the enzymatic properties of the two APx cDNA products.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Soil nutrient heterogeneity ; Nutrient patches ; Soil nutrient exploitation ; Root proliferation ; Shading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Shading may both lessen the demand for soil nutrients and also the energy supply for nutrient acquisition. Since root foraging for nutrients in patchy environments can be energy-costly, especially for an immobile nutrient such as phosphate (P), the effects of shading may be most expected in heterogeneous soils. Plant acquisition of nitrate (N) and phosphate from soils with patchy and uniform nutrient distributions was determined in a field study under open sunlight and with shading for two common perennial Great Basin shrub steppe species, Agropyron desertorum and Artemisia tridentata. Partial shading in a pattern which can occur in shrub steppe vegetation significantly decreased plant N and P acquisition from soils both in the patchy and the uniform nutrient treatments. Artemisia was more affected by the shading than was Agropyron. Exploitation of the rather immobile P ion by both species was reduced to a much greater degree by the shading in the patchy distribution treatment than in the uniform nutrient treatment. As expected, plant acquisition of the more mobile N varied little with nutrient distribution treatment for both species and the depression of N acquisition by shading was the same in both nutrient distributions. The effects of shading appeared to have had its primary influence on different components of root foraging in the two species, especially in the nutrient-rich patches. For Agropyron shading primarily affected root proliferation, as indicated by reduced root density in patches. For Artemisia, shading most influenced root physiological uptake capacity and this was most pronounced in the nutrient-rich patches. While aboveground competition for light may generally reduce nutrient acquisition, the effects appear to be most pronounced if root systems of these steppe species are foraging for nutrients such as P in spatially heterogeneous soils.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 386 (1997), S. 705-709 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Both specimens of Pachyrhachis problematicus were found in limestone quarries at Ein Jabrud (Bed-Meir Formation, lowermost Cenomanian, mid-Cretaceous8), 20km north of Jerusalem, Israel. The first was named Pachyrhachis problematicus (HUJ-PAL 3569)5'6 and the second Ophiomorphus colberti (HUJ-PAL ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 385 (1997), S. 211-211 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Once thought to interact very little with conspecifics, amphibians are now known to have elaborate mating systems1. Pair bonding, defined as a social and copu-latory relationship between two individuals that share some aspect of offspring rearing (K. Johnson and N. Burley, manuscript in ...
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Bacillus subtilis is the best-characterized member of the Gram-positive bacteria. Its genome of 4,214,810 base pairs comprises 4,100 protein-coding genes. Of these protein-coding genes, 53% are represented once, while a quarter of the genome corresponds to several gene families that have been ...
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 58 (1997), S. 574 -581 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 7 (1997), S. 217-231 
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: Water-soluble platinum conjugates ; antiproliferative agents ; cytotoxicity testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several polymer-platinum conjugates comprising the square-planar cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) complex system of cisplatin-type anticancer drugs are screened for antiproliferative activity in cell culture tests. The water-soluble conjugates prepared in this study or taken from preceding investigations are obtained by platination of aliphatic polyamide carriers containing ethylenediamine segments as side-group or main-chain components. These segments, coordinating to the metal as cis-diamine chelating ligands, are bound to, or into, the carrier backbone through biofissionable amide links permitting drug release from the carrier. In vitro tests are performed against a HeLa human cervix carcinoma cell line. IC50 data, expressed as the concentration of Pt in the conjugates (μg/ml), causing 50% inhibition of cell growth, show the highest activity, with IC50=14 μg/ml, to be associated with a conjugate derived from a polyaspartamide carrier that contains the platinum complex as a side group in proximity to the main chain and, additionally, contains dimethylaminopropyl side groups as solubilizing functions. At the low end of the performance spectrum is a conjugate, with IC50〉120 μg/ml, possessing a similar backbone and metal-binding structure, yet comprising long poly(ethylene oxide) grafts. The latter apparently shield the complex-binding tether from enzymatic attack and thus prevent efficient intracellular release of the monomeric complex. Selected conjugates will be submitted for toxicological evaluation.
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