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  • Chemical Engineering  (25)
  • Engineering General
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (25)
  • 1995-1999  (25)
  • 1997  (25)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 83-90 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Large, high-quality, single crystals of pure-silica ferrierite are synthesized, and the structure is described. Selected individual crystals (approximately 600 μm X 500 μm X 20 μm) are mounted in a membrane configuration so that only the 10-membered-ring channels (5.4 Å X 5.4 Å X 4.2 Å) or the 8-membered-ring channels (4.6 Å X 3.7 Å X 3.0 Å) are accessible for gas-molecule permeation. The first examples of transport exclusively through 8- or 10-membered-ring channel systems are reported and obtained through crystal orientation in the membrane. A series. of adsorption experiments are conducted to help select suitable probe molecules and evaluate the role of adsorption in the permeation process for single-crystal membranes. Methane, n-butane, isobutane and nitrogen probe molecules are used to study intracrystalline sorption and transport effects for different crystal orientations, pressures and temperatures. Both pure-gas selectivities and mixed-gas separation factors are reported. A mixed-gas separation factor of n-butane/isobutane = 116 for the 10-membered-ring orientation of the crystal at 383 K and a transmembrane pressure difference of 1.01 X 105 Pa are found using this technique. In addition, molecular sieving is observed for the 8-membered-ring orientation of the crystal since methane, but not butane, transport is observed for this crystal orientation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 277-280 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 615-624 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Resonant power absorption is an important phenomenon during microwave heating. The resonances that occur when plane electromagnetic waves are incident on infinitely long cylinders and slabs are investigated as a function of sample dimensions. For cylinders two kinds of incident waves are studied: TMz when the electric field is oriented along the axis of the cylinder and TEz when the magnetic field is oriented along the axis. At a resonant condition the overage power absorbed by the sample is a local maximum. Due to attenuation within the sample the resonances decrease in intensity as the sample size increases. Using the dielectric properties of water, resonances are found to be a function of the ratio of the sample dimension to the wavelength of radiation, λs, in the sample. For slabs of thickness L and integer values of n, resonances occurred at L/λs = 0.5n; for cylinders of diameter D, resonances occurred at D/λs = 0.5n - 0.257. The generality of these relations to predict resonances in other food samples are shown using existing dielectric data. Resonances in cylinders for both polarizations occurred at similar radii. However, the radius at which the first resonance occurred for the TMz case was absent in the TEz case.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 2157-2168 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new concept for removing toxic gases with respirator applications based on inhalation and exhalation through absorbent polymer-lined tubes was studied. The two-way oscillatory flow through the respirator element enables capture and expulsion of toxic vapors, which is not feasible with activated charcoal because of the adverse effect of moist breath on the charcoal efficiency. To study the influence of various material, design and operating parameters on the performance of such a respirator, a numerical model that solves the governing equations of mass and heat transport in an oscillatory flow through an absorbent polymer-lined tube was developed and utilized with experimentally measured property data. Factors investigated include respirator element geometry, polymer and toxic vapor characteristics, and flowthrough speed. Results show a large delay in toxic gas penetration over that obtained by conventional one-way flow, and define the importance of partition coefficient, flow passage size, and length and velocity. Results are compared with data from simulated breathing experiments.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1108-1113 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The storage of natural gas in other light hydrocarbons is one procedure for automotive natural gas usage that reduces the requirement of high-pressure or cryogenic storage. Model solutions of methane in n-butane, propane, and a liquefied-bottled-gas mixture were simulated using the Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling equation of state to determine the pressures necessary to maintain a liquid phase with perturbations in both temperature (-1°C to 38°C) and mole fraction (50 to 80 mol% methane). Methane storage in these liquid solutions is between 45 and 93% of an equal “tank” volume of compressed natural gas (CNG) at 21 MPa and 15°C. The simulation results indicate that solutions of this type contain 40 to 67% of the energy of gasoline at pressures that range from 60 to 40% that of CNG at 21 MPa and 15°C.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1947-1954 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recent experimental validation of theoretical and numerical predictions regarding scalar variance decay in a pipe have revealed that the traditional plug-flow reactor picture of pipe flow omits key physical mechanisms. In particular, the far-field decay exhibits a power law rather than exponential decay. These observations are examined by performing a set of experiments where the manner in which the scalar constituents are introduced into the pipe is varied. Significant differences are noted in the behavior of the variance decay until the very far field is reached, where an invariant power-law form emerges.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 285-285 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 986-996 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Efficient algorithms were developed for estimating model parameters from measured data, even in the presence of gross errors. In addition to point estimates of parameters, however, assessments of uncertainty are needed. Linear approximations provide standard errors, but they can be misleading when applied to models that are substantially nonlinear. To overcome this difficulty, profiling methods were developed for the case in which the regressor variables are error free. These methods provide accurate nonlinear confidence regions, but become expensive for a large number of parameters. These profiling methods are modified to error-in-variable-measurement models with many incidental parameters. Laplace's method is used to integrate out the incidental parameters associated with the measurement errors, and then profiling methods are applied to obtain approximate confidence contours for the parameters. This approach is computationally efficient, requires few function evaluations, and can be applied to large-scale problems. It is useful when certain measurement errors (such as input variables) are relatively small, but not so small that they can be ignored.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 3223-3231 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The standard industrial process for the purification of natural gas is to remove acid gases, mainly hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, by the absorption and reaction of these gases with alkanolamines, but the lack of reliable and accurate vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data impedes the commercial application of more efficient alkanolamine systems. The objective of this research was to develop an FTIR apparatus and an in-situ technique capable of making VLE measurements of acid-gas-aqueous alkanolamine systems and to improve the accuracy of vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements at low hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide concentrations. The new FTIR apparatus and technique were tested in VLE measurements of low concentrations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in aqueous mixtures of diethanolamine.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1925-1934 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thin polymer coatings produced from water- and organic-solvent-based precursor liquids are ubiquitous components of industrial and consumer products. Design and optimization of dryers for these coatings require accurate predictions of their drying rates. Accurate drying predictions for many polymer/solvent coatings require a satisfactory description of the polymer/solvent mutual diffusion coefficients. A method is proposed ot determine a satisfactory description of the diffusion coefficients by effective free-volume theory parameters. The effective parameters are determined from gravimetric data measured in a bench-scale drying apparatus. The application of the method to a poly(vinyl acetate)/toluene solution shows that the effective free-volume parameters give diffusion coefficients that agree with published data. The method is also applied to a rubber-based adhesive in industrial-grade heptane by treating the complex adhesive as a pseudobinary solution. For both systems, the effective parameters lead to quantitatively accurate drying predictions in a pilot-scale oven.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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