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  • Springer  (12,575)
  • Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
  • 1995-1999  (12,575)
  • 1997  (12,575)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1997-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0938-8990
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1777
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An MBE grown InGaAs metal semiconductor metal (MSM) photodiode (PD) with an InAlAs barrier enhancement layer is reported that has very low dark current and high speed characteristics. The detector using Cr/Au Schottky metal fingers with 4m spacing on a large active area of 300×300m2 shows a low dark current of 38nA at 10V. This corresponds to a dark current density of 0.42pA/m2 and is, to our knowledge, the best dark current ever obtained from a large area InGaAs MSM PD. The device also shows a low capacitance of 0.8pF and a high 3dB bandwidth of 2.4GHz. By fitting the measured frequency response to a model consisting of both RC time and transit time limited responses, we show that the device has an RC time and a transit time limited 3dB bandwidth of 3.0 and 4.9GHz, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Regioselectivity ; Annelation ; Thiazolo benzotriazine ; Microwave irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Thiosemicarbazid reagierte mit 1,2-Diaminobenzol ohne Lösungsmittel und unter Bestrahlung mit Mikrowellen in guter Ausbeute zu 1,2-Dihydro-3-thioxo-1,2,4-benzotriazin (1), welches in Gegenwart von Natriummethoxid mit Prop-2-inylbromid zum entsprechenden 3-(Prop-2-inylsulfanyl)-1,2,4-benzotriazin (5) kondensiert wurde. Die Umsetzung von5 zu Methyliden-2,3-dihydro-9H-thiazolo[2,3-c] [1,2,4]benzotriazin (6) gelang unter Palladiumkatalyse.
    Notes: Summary Thiosemicarbazide reacted with 1,2-diaminobenzene to give 1,2-dihydro-3-thioxo-1,2,4-benzotriazine (1) in fairly good yield in a solvent free reaction under microwave irradiation.1 was condensed with prop-2ynyl bromide in the presence of sodium methoxide to afford the corresponding 3-(prop-2-ynylsulfanyl)-1,2,4-benzotriazine (5). Transformation of5 to 3-methylidene-2,3-dihydro-9H-thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine (6) was performed in the presence of a palladium salt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Dietary habits ; young university students ; concerns about nutrition ; Ernährungs ; gewohnheit ; Universitätsstudenten ; Ernährungsbesorgnis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Absicht dieser Studie war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen der Besorgtheit über Ernährung und den Lebensmittelkonsum bei 533 Universitätsstudenten (112 Männer und 421 Frauen), Durchschnittsalter 21.7±2.1 Jahre, zu untersuchen. Fisch, Milchprodukte und Obst wurden in ausreichendem Maße, Getreide und Gemüse hingegen wurden in kleineren Mengen als empfohlen, gegessen. Die Männer verzehrten mehr Milch, Fleisch, Brot und alkoholische Getränke, während die Frauen mehr Obst und Gemüse als die Männer aßen. 35,4 % der Studenten äußerten Besorgnis besonders über die Aufnahme von Fett und Cholesterin, 24,5 % waren speziell an der Gewichtskontrolle interessiert und 18,2 % sagten, ihre Hauptsorge gelte der korrekten Einnahme von Vitaminen und Mineralstoffen. 21,6 % der Teilnehmer hatten keine besondere Sorge bezüglich der Ernährung. Multiple Regressionsanalysen zeigten keinen Unterschied zwischen Männern und Frauen oder dem Body Mass Index (BMI) auf, was die Besorgtheit über die Ernährung betrifft. Aber man stellte einen altersbedingten Unterschied fest. Mit zunehmendem Alter zeigten die Studenten mehr Interesse zum Thema „Ernährung“, vor allem im Zusammenhang mit Vitaminen und Mineralstoffen. Die Besorgnis über die Gewichtskontrolle stieg mit steigendem BMI. Von denen, die ihr Gewicht reduzieren wollten, hatten allerdings 42,2 % der Frauen gegenüber 7,4 % der Männer einen BMI von 〈20 kg/m2. Da diese Studenten bereits sehr schlank waren (unter den empfohlenen Werten), aber trotzdem noch Gewicht verlieren wollten, könnte dies zu Mangelerscheinungen führen. Zusammenhänge zwischen der Besorgtheit und der Ernährungsweise waren kaum zu beobachten. Obwohl die Einnahme von Fett und Cholesterin als solche Anlass zur Besorgnis war, wurden zum Beispiel relativ viel Fleisch und Eier verzehrt. Es wurde eine Beziehung gefunden zwischen der Sorge um den Vitamin- und Mineralstoffgehalt der Nahrung und der Einnahme von Nahrungsergänzungsmittel sowie zwischen der Sorge um das Körpergewicht und der Einnahme von Produkten zur Gewichtsreduktion. Für die Lehrer der Ernährungswissenschaft kann diese Information behilflich sein, um ihre Kurse und Programme zu gestalten.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this investigation was to study the relationship between concern about nutrition and food consumption in 533 university students (112 men and 421 women), aged 21.7±2.1 years old. Fish, dairy products and fruit were consumed in quite satisfactory quantities though cereals and vegetables were consumed less frequently than recommended. Men were found to consume greater quantities of milk, meat, bread and alcoholic drinks, while women ate more fruit and vegetables than men. 35.4 % of subjects said they were especially concerned about the intake of fat and cholesterol, 24.5 % expressed special interest in weight control and 18.2 % recorded worries about the intake of vitamins and minerals. 21.6 % of subjects expressed no worries at all. Multiple regression analysis showed no differences in concern about nutrition with respect to the sex or body mass index (BMI) of subjects. However, as age increased, the number of subjects expressing no concern fell whilst worries over the quantity of vitamins and minerals in the diet increased. Worries about bodyweight were found to rise with BMI. However, amongst those who wanted to lose weight, 42.2 % of women and 7.4 % of men had a BMI 〈20 kg/m2. These persons, already very slim (below recommended values), still wished to lose weight and could become susceptible to nutritional imbalances. Relationships between concerns and food habits were scarce. Although fat and cholesterol were a concern in theory, the consumption of foodstuffs such as meat and eggs was quite high. However, relationships were found between concern over the vitamin and mineral content of the diet and the intake of supplements, and concern over bodyweight and intake of products that aid slimming. Nutrition educators may find this information useful in the design of their messages and educational programs.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a qualitative and quantitative comparison of a single coronal mass ejection (CME) as observed by LASCO (July 28–29, 1996) with the results of a three-dimensional axisymmetric time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic model of a flux rope interacting with a helmet streamer. The particular CME considered was selected based on the appearance of a distinct ‘tear-drop’ shape visible in animations generated from both the data and the model. The CME event begins with the brightening of a pre-existing coronal streamer which evolves into a ‘tear-drop’ shaped loop followed by a Y-shaped structure. The brightening moves slowly outward with significant acceleration reaching velocities of ∼450 km s-1 at 30 R⊙. The observed CME characteristics are compared with the model results. On the basis of this comparison, we suggested that the observed features were caused by the evacuation of a flux rope in the closed field region of the helmet streamer (i.e., helmet dome). The flux rope manifests itself as the cavity of the quasi-static helmet streamer and the whole system becomes unstable when the flux rope reaches a threshold strength. The observed ‘tear-drop’ structure is due to the deformed flux rope. The leading edge of the flux rope interacts with the helmet dome to form the typical loop-like CME. The trailing edge of this flux rope interacts with the local bi-polar field to form the observed Y-shaped structure. The model results for the evolution of the magnetic-field configurations, velocity, and polarization brightness are directly compared with observations. Animations have been generated from both the actual data and the model to illustrate the good agreement between the observation and the model. These animations can be found on the CD-ROM which accompanies this volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of experimental and theoretical physics 84 (1997), S. 635-640 
    ISSN: 1090-6509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Projectile multifragment breakup of 16O, 2C and 7Li at energies 3.0–4.5 A-GeV is studied by means of the Weizsäcker-Williams method. The fragmentation channels of the 16O projectile at 4.5 A-GeV are investigated and compared with that of 16O at 200 A-GeV. The events characterized by N h=0 and the events due to both Coulomb and diffraction dissociation have been selected and analyzed as a function of impact parameter. Also, the dependence of the electromagnetic dissociation cross-section on incident energy and the charge of projectile and target is found.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aicardi syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by absent corpus callosum, infantile spasms, and chorioretinal lacunae. It is sporadic in nature and affects only females, resulting in severe mental and physical handicap. It has been suggested that the disease is caused by a dominant X-linked mutation which occurs de novo in females, and is lethal in hemizygous male embryos. This mode of inheritance has been observed in a number of other rare syndromes. In these syndromes, when X inactivation is studied, a non-random pattern is usually found. We have studied the X inactivation pattern in ten female patients with Aicardi syndrome and their parents using the highly polymorphic, differentially methylated androgen receptor gene. The results showed an unexpected random X-inactivation pattern in these patients. Previous clinical and cytogenetic evidence suggests that Aicardi syndrome is caused by an X-linked dominant mutation, de novo in females and lethal in males. However, unlike most other known X-linked disorders inherited in this fashion, Aicardi syndrome patients have a normal (i.e., random) X-inactivation pattern. A number of possible explanations is proposed for this apparently contradictory evidence.
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