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  • Wiley  (18)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (7)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (2)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 1995-1999  (28)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1997  (28)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Saturn pulsed power accelerator [R. B. Spielman et al., in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Dense Z-pinches, Laguna Beach, CA, 1989, edited by N. R. Pereira, J. Davis, and N. Rostoker (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1989), p. 3] at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and the Nova laser [J. T. Hunt and D. R. Speck, Opt. Eng. 28, 461 (1989)] at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) have been used to explore techniques for studying the behavior of ablator material in x-ray radiation environments comparable in magnitude, spectrum, and duration to those that would be experienced in National Ignition Facility (NIF) hohlraums [J. D. Lindl, Phys. Plasmas 2, 3933 (1995)]. The large x-ray outputs available from the Saturn pulsed-power-driven z pinch have enabled us to drive hohlraums of full NIF ignition scale size at radiation temperatures and time scales comparable to those required for the low-power foot pulse of an ignition capsule. The high-intensity drives available in the Nova laser have allowed us to study capsule ablator physics in smaller-scale hohlraums at radiation temperatures and time scales relevant to the peak power pulse for an ignition capsule. Taken together, these experiments have pointed the way to possible techniques for testing radiation-hydrodynamics code predictions of radiation flow, opacity, equation of state, and ablator shock velocity over the range of radiation environments that will be encountered in a NIF hohlraum. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A combination of a 400 ns, 300 mJ, 640 nm dye laser, and an optical streak camera have been used to demonstrate that time-resolved shadowgrams can be made of the implosion phase of tungsten wire arrays. Initial experiments have shown that mirror lifetime and spatial resolution are issues for this diagnostic technique. Nonetheless, these experiments have provided new information on wire array dynamics; specifically, they show that even with a 0.46 mm wire spacing, the high density regions formed by the wires, are separate until 30 ns into the main drive current. Peak currents of 6.6 MA were obtained 40 ns after the start of the current, while peak radiated powers of 85 TW were measured at 50 ns. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1063-1063 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We are calibrating a new time-resolving x-ray spectrometer used to diagnose z-pinch driven hohlraums at the Saturn Facility. The instrument uses a 5000 lines/mm transmission grating dispersing element and has an array of silicon photodiodes and a gated microchannel-plate detector for recording spectra. The diodes are located every 50 eV from 100 to 850 eV (E/ΔE=10) and have subnanosecond temporal and near-theoretical quantum efficiency. The microchannel-plate detector uses a 6.25 Ω gold stripline to record both a 5 ns frame of continuous spectrum and shadows of each silicon diode in the spectrum. This poster describes measurements of the spectral sensitivity of the instrument, including relative grating order efficiencies, microchannel-plate detector efficiency, and absolute sensitivity and time response of the silicon diodes.© 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(97)71001-3]
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A review of recent progress on the design of a diagnostic system proposed for ignition target experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will be presented. This diagnostic package contains an extensive suite of optical, x ray, gamma ray, and neutron diagnostics that enable measurements of the performance of both direct and indirect driven NIF targets. The philosophy used in designing all of the diagnostics in the set has emphasized redundant and independent measurement of fundamental physical quantities relevant to the operation of the NIF target. A unique feature of these diagnostics is that they are being designed to be capable of operating in the high radiation, electromagnetic pulse, and debris backgrounds expected on the NIF facility. The diagnostic system proposed can be categorized into three broad areas: laser characterization, hohlraum characterization, and capsule performance diagnostics. The operating principles of a representative instrument from each class of diagnostic employed in this package will be summarized and illustrated with data obtained in recent prototype diagnostic tests. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 96-106 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thermodynamic properties of silicon (diamond cubic phase) are calculated using an empirical many-body potential developed by Tersoff [Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 632 (1986)] based on the concept of bond order. It is shown that this model gives predictions in good agreement with experiment for those properties governed by energetics (free energy, entropy, and heat capacity). The thermal expansion coefficient is less well described, which is traced to the fact that the model potential, in its present version, is overly stiff and therefore unable to account properly for the volume dependence of the transverse acoustic modes. Furthermore, sensitivity of the potential to whether each atom remains bonded to only four neighbors indicates that the short-range nature of the potential may necessitate model improvement before it is suitable for studies of thermomechanical properties at elevated temperatures or large deformations. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 5378-5381 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We show that three representative interatomic potential functions for Si fail to describe properly the Grüneisen parameters γn, although one model is able to give a satisfactory account of the thermal expansion coefficient, α, by virtue of a fortuitous cancellation of errors in γn for the acoustic and optic modes. This suggests that in developing robust interatomic potentials intended to predict the thermomechanical behavior of crystals, the database used in parameter adjustment should include the fundamental quantities, γn, rather than the composite quantity α. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4846-4846 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Many recent studies of recording and playback in magnetic recording systems have been based on the computer simulation of micromagnetic models of magnetic recording media. Medium models are capable of representing a large class of recording media by selection of appropriate values of model parameters representing the intrinisic properties of the recording medium material. Such parameters include grain size, anisotropy energy density, and exchange energy constant. Largely missing in these studies, however, has been a discussion of how to identify a set of parameter values to represent a particular medium of interest. In this presentation, we describe an identification procedure for selecting the values of the five intrinsic parameters of a micromagnetic medium model to represent a recording medium for which the following hysteresis properties are known: remanent magnetization, coercivity, remanence squareness, and coercivity squareness. Calculation of hysteresis loops verifies that the particular instance of the medium model identified by this procedure reproduces the hysteresis behavior of the medium of interest. Comparison of computer simulations of recording operations to measured recording performance of a medium on a laboratory tester may then be meaningfully made.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 65 (1997), S. 997-1003 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Values of several parameters appearing in the modified Bethe-Bloch theory must be known if one is to calculate the stopping power for a given projectile-target combination within the energy interval of applicability of the theory. In the course of the past several years, the author has established values for kapton and mylar target materials through fits of experimental data with the modified Bethe-Bloch theory. During the past year, several sets of measurements of polystyrene stopping powers for light projectiles have been studied so as to extract values of Bethe-Bloch parameters also for this target material. Results of these studies, including uncertainties in the parameter values that reflect the number and accuracy of the measurements analyzed, are summarized in this presentation.   © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 65: 997-1003, 1997
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 19 (1997), S. 501-507 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin 1β-converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteases (caspases) play an important role in programmed cell death (apoptosis), and elucidating the consequences of their proteolytic activity is central to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cell death. Diverse structural and regulatory proteins and enzymes, including protein kinase Cδ, the retinoblastoma protein (a protein involved in cell survival), the DNA repair enzyme DNA-dependent protein kinase and the nuclear lamins, undergo specific and limited endoproteolytic cleavage by various caspases during apoptosis. Since individual caspases can cleave multiple substrates, the consequences of cleavage of only a single substrate are still poorly understood. Nevertheless, proteolytic activation of protein kinase Cδ may be an important early step in the cell death pathway, and cleavage of the retinoblastoma protein could suppress its cell survival function, whereas proteolytic inactivation of DNA repair enzymes might compromise the ability of the cell to reverse DNA fragmentation. On the other hand, cleavages of nuclear and cytoplasmic structural proteins (e.g. the lamins and Gas2) appear to be required for or contribute to the dramatic rearrangements in cellular architecture that are necessary for the completion of the cell death process. An emerging theme is that parallel and sequential proteolytic activation and inactivation of key protein substrates occurs during the multiple steps of apoptosis.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1997-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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