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  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: cellulose alkyl esters ; poly(∈-caprolactone) ; blends ; miscibility ; DSC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cellulose alkyl esters, CELL- OCOCnH2n+1(n = 1 ∼ 6), were synthesized by a homogeneous reaction of cotton cellulose with different acyl chlorides in N,N-dimethylacetamide--lithium chloride solution. The miscibility of the esterified celluloses with poly(∈-caprolactone) (PCL) was investigated, mainly through thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A polymer pair, cellulose butyrate (CB)/PCL, showed the highest miscibility of all the binary blends examined here; this is usual when relatively high-substituted esters (DS ≥ 2.0) are used as the respective component. The butyl ester derivatives with DS ≤ 1.5 showed poor miscibility with PCL
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 61 (1997), S. 181-198 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Fe- und Mn-Verteilung in Mineralen der Pumpellyit-Gruppe (W 8 X 4 Y 8 Z 12O56-n (OH)n) wurde mittels Mössbauer-Spektroskopie studiert. Die untersuchten Fe-Pumpellyite der Pumpellyit-Julgoldit-Serie stammen von zwei verschiedenen japanischen Lokalitäten: von Metabasiten des Tokoro-Gürtels, Hokkaido, und von Gabbro-Sills der Shimane Halbinsel. Okhotskit, ein Mn3+-dominiertes Mineral der Pumpellyit-Gruppe, wurde aus Erzen einer Mn-führenden Eisenerzlagerstätte des Tokoro-Gürtels separiert. Das57Fe Mössbauer-Spektrum der Tokoro Fe-Pumpellyite zeigt zwei Fe2+- und zwei Fe3+-Doubletten. Auf Grund bisher publizierter verfeinerter Einkristall-Strukturuntersuchungen von Al-Pumpellyiten werden diese Doubletten folgendermaßen zugeordnet: Fe W 2+ (IS = 1.01 undQS = 2.73 mm/s), Fe X 2+ (IS = 0.97 undQS = 3.18 mm/s), Fe X 3+ (IS = 0.29 undQS =1.37 mm/s) und Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.36 undQS = 2.09 mm/s).IS bezeichnet dabei die Isomer-Shift relativ zu einem metallischen Eisenabsorbenten,QS das Quadrupole-Splitting. Diese Zuordnungen belegen den bevorzugten Einbau von Fe3+ in die X-Position. Das Mössbauer-Spektrum von Okhotskit zeigt zwei Doubletten bei Fe X 3+ (IS = 0.37 undQS = 1.13 mm/s) und Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.42 undQS = 2.18 mm/s). Das Flächenverhältnis zeigt, daß das Verhältnis Fe X 3+ :Fe Y 3+ 94:6 ist. Auf Grund der chemischen und der Mössbauer-Analysen wird das Mn X 3+ :Mn Y 3+ Verhältnis mit 19:81 angegeben. Mn3+ zeigt somit eine stärkere Präferenz für die Y-Position als Fe3+, ein Resultat, das mit der Jahn-Teller-Theorie konsistent ist. Der bevorzugte Einbau in die Y-Position ist, in dieser Reihenfolge, Al〉Mn3+〉Fe3+.
    Notes: Summary Fe and Mn distribution in the pumpellyite group minerals (W 8 X 4 Y 8 Z 12056-n (OH) n ) has been studied by using57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The studied Fe-pumpellyites, belonging to the pumpellyite-julgoldite series, were collected from two localities; metabasites in the Tokoro belt, Hokkaido, and gabbroic sills in the Shimane Peninsula, Japan. Okhotskite, an Mn3+-dominant pumpellyite group mineral, was separated from the ores of metamorphosed manganiferous iron ore deposits in the Tokoro belt.57Fe Mössbauer spectrum of Tokoro Fe-pumpellyite is composed of two Fe2+- and two Fe3+-doublets. On the basis of the single crystal structure refinements of Al-pumpellyites published so far, doublets were assigned to Fe W 2+ (IS= 1.01 andQS = 2.73 mm/s), Fe X 2+ (IS = 0.97 andQS = 3.18 mm/s), Fe X 3+ (IS = 0.29 andQS =1.37 mm/s) and Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.36 andQS = 2.09 mm/s), whereIS is isomer shift relative to a metallic iron absorber andQS is quadrupole splitting. The Mössbauer spectrum of the Mitsu Fepumpellyite is composed of three doublets assigned to Fe X 2+ (IS= 1.14 andQS = 3.20 mm/s), Fe X 3+ (IS = 0.36 andQS =1.13 mm/s) and Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.37 andQS= 1.93 mm/s). These assignments show strong preference of Fe3+ in the X-site. The Mössbauer spectrum of the okhotskite is composed of two doublets by Fe X 3+ (IS= 0.37 andQS = 1.13 mm/s) and Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.42 andQS = 2.18 mm/s). The area ratio shows that Fe X 3+ :Fe Y 3+ ratio is 94:6. On the basis of chemical and Mössbauer analyses, Mn X 3+ :Mn Y 3+ ratio is given as 19:81, indicating stronger Y-site preference of Mn3+ than Fe3+, what is consistent with Jahn-Teller theory. Al, Mn3+ and Fe3+ prefer the Y-site in this order.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 302-306 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Anaerobic reoxidation ; Denitrification ; Iron reduction ; Methane ; Successive reduction ; Sulfur oxidation ; Wetland soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Anaerobic reoxidation of reduced products in paddy soils was investigated. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) and monosulfide ion (S2–) added to the soil chemically reduced MnO2 to Mn2+, and MnO2 and Fe(OH)3 to Mn2+ and Fe2+, respectively, where Fe2+ and S2– were considered to be oxidized to Fe3+ and S0. Elemental sulfur was oxidized to sulfate by anaerobic incubation with NO3 – MnO2 and Fe(OH)3. A new conceptual model for the reduction processes in submerged paddy soil including the reoxidation processes of reduced products, in which soil heterogeneity in paddy fields was taken into consideration, was proposed based on the results.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 185 (1997), S. 93-127 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We compute the universal weight system for Vassiliev coming from the Lie superalgebra $ applying the construction of [13]. This weight system is a function from the space of chord diagrams to the center Z of the universal enveloping algebra of $ , and we find a combinatorial expression for it in terms of the standard generators of Z. The resulting knot invariants generalize the Alexander-Conway polynomial.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 188 (1997), S. 367-378 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: A level-one representation of the quantum affine superalgebra¶ $\UqMN$ and vertex operators associated with the fundamental representations are constructed in terms of free bosonic fields. Character formulas of level-one irreducible highest weight modules of $\Uq$ are conjectured.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 49 (1997), S. 129-138 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: methane emission ; productive potential ; seasonal variation ; total CO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We estimated the productive potential of methane in paddy soils by anaerobically incubating soils in the laboratory. In addition, we determined the emission fluxes from the rice paddies through rice plants during the whole growth period, according to the methods suggested by Cicerone & Shetter (1981). The results showed that the total amounts of methane emission from rice paddies were very close to the productive potential of the soils and suggested that the large parts of methane emitted from rice paddies originated from the productive potential of methane.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 49 (1997), S. 153-161 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: contribution ; methane flux ; photosynthate ; rice straw ; soil organic matter ; soil properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil organic matter, roots (photosynthates) and applied organic materials (rice straw etc.) are the main sources of methane (CH4) emitted from paddy fields. The potential CH4 production in Japanese paddy fields were estimated from chemical properties of paddy soils of respective soil series, their acreage and thermal regimes during the rice growing period. The estimated amounts of potential CH4 production were from 24 to 54 kg-C ha-1 among 7 Districts in Japan, which are around one fifth of the amounts of CH4 emission observed from paddy fields in the world. 13CO2 uptake pot experiments were carried out three times from Aug. 8 to Sept. 25 to the treatment without rice straw applications in 1993 and four times from June 30 to Sept. 13 to the treatments with and without rice straw applications in 1994 to estimate the contribution of photosynthesized carbon to CH4 emission. The contribution percentages of photosynthesized carbon to the total CH4 emitted to the atmosphere were calculated to be 22% and 29-39% for the entire growth period in the treatments with and without rice straw applications, respectively. The relationship between the amount of CH4 emission to the atmosphere from submerged paddy soils with rice plants and the application level (0-8 g kg-1) of rice straw in soil was investigated in a pot experiment. The increase (Y) in cumulative amounts of CH4 with the increase in the application level of rice straw was formulated with a logistic curve: Y=k[a/(1 +be-cx)]; x, application level of rice straw; k, a coefficient for relative CH4 emission. Since the seasonal variations in coefficients a, b and c in the equation were also formulated as the function of the sum of effective temperature (E, Σ (T-15); T, daily average temperature), Y from any paddy soil by any level of rice straw application was known to be estimated by the equation: Y=k[a(E)/(1 +b(E)e-c(E)x)].
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 73.20.At; 73.20.Hb
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 53 (1997), S. 663-666 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. PAF; anaphylactic shock; WBB6F1-W/Wv; anti-mouse granulocyte antibody.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Our previous study revealed that anaphylac tic shock can be produced in WBB6F1-W/Wv (abbreviated as W/Wv) mice. Because they are congenitally deficient in mast cells, we are certain that some other cell types are involved as mediator sources. In the present study, with the aim of examining the role of circulatory granulocytes, the effect of monoclonal an tibody to a mouse granulocyte antigen, Gr-1, upon active and passive anaphylactic shock was tested in W/Wv mice using several mast cell-bearing strains as references. An intravenous injection of 40 μg of anti-granulocyte antibody one day before the antigen chal lenge produced a marked decrease in neutrophils and nearly complete abolition of lethal shock in W/Wv mice regardless of the sensitizing method. Both pre vention of shock and reduction of neutrophils lasted for three days after the treatment with the antibody but not for six days. From these results, a reasonable conclusion would be that circulating Gr-1+ cells (predominantly composed of neutrophils) are the major mediator source. Reference experiments using mast cell-bearing strains revealed that the suppressive effect of anti-granulocyte antibody was also observed against active anaphylactic shock in C3H/HeN mice but not against active and passive anaphylactic shock in the other mice.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 207 (1997), S. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Cell cycle ; Determination ; Sensory mother cell ; Cyclin A ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In Drosophila, the sensory mother cells of macrochaetes are chosen from among the mitotically quiescent clusters of cells in wing imaginal discs, where other cells are proliferating. The pattern of cyclin A, one of the G2 cyclins, reveals that mitotically quiescent clusters of cells are arrested in G2. When precocious mitoses are induced during sensory mother cell determination by the ectopic expression of string, a known G2/M transition regulator, the formation of sensory mother cells is disturbed, resulting in the loss of macrochaetes in the adult notum. This suggests that G2 arrest of the cell cycle ensures the proper determination of sensory mother cells.
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