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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1997-03-21
    Description: The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein binds to beta-catenin, a protein recently shown to interact with Tcf and Lef transcription factors. The gene encoding hTcf-4, a Tcf family member that is expressed in colonic epithelium, was cloned and characterized. hTcf-4 transactivates transcription only when associated with beta-catenin. Nuclei of APC-/- colon carcinoma cells were found to contain a stable beta-catenin-hTcf-4 complex that was constitutively active, as measured by transcription of a Tcf reporter gene. Reintroduction of APC removed beta-catenin from hTcf-4 and abrogated the transcriptional transactivation. Constitutive transcription of Tcf target genes, caused by loss of APC function, may be a crucial event in the early transformation of colonic epithelium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korinek, V -- Barker, N -- Morin, P J -- van Wichen, D -- de Weger, R -- Kinzler, K W -- Vogelstein, B -- Clevers, H -- CA57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1784-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, University Hospital, Post Office Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9065401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cloning, Molecular ; Colon/metabolism ; Colonic Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, APC ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Signal Transduction ; TCF Transcription Factors ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; beta Catenin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1997-04-11
    Description: The proline-rich COOH-terminal region of dynamin binds various Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing proteins, but the physiological role of these interactions is unknown. In living nerve terminals, the function of the interaction with SH3 domains was examined. Amphiphysin contains an SH3 domain and is a major dynamin binding partner at the synapse. Microinjection of amphiphysin's SH3 domain or of a dynamin peptide containing the SH3 binding site inhibited synaptic vesicle endocytosis at the stage of invaginated clathrin-coated pits, which resulted in an activity-dependent distortion of the synaptic architecture and a depression of transmitter release. These findings demonstrate that SH3-mediated interactions are required for dynamin function and support an essential role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in synaptic vesicle recycling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shupliakov, O -- Low, P -- Grabs, D -- Gad, H -- Chen, H -- David, C -- Takei, K -- De Camilli, P -- Brodin, L -- CA46128/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 11;276(5310):259-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9092476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/ultrastructure ; Dynamins ; *Endocytosis ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lampreys ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Proline/chemistry ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *src Homology Domains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1997-07-25
    Description: Mutations in the gene encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase enzyme produce an animal model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS), a fatal disorder characterized by paralysis. Overexpression of the proto-oncogene bcl-2 delayed onset of motor neuron disease and prolonged survival in transgenic mice expressing the FALS-linked mutation in which glycine is substituted by alanine at position 93. It did not, however, alter the duration of the disease. Overexpression of bcl-2 also attenuated the magnitude of spinal cord motor neuron degeneration in the FALS-transgenic mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kostic, V -- Jackson-Lewis, V -- de Bilbao, F -- Dubois-Dauphin, M -- Przedborski, S -- NS01724/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 25;277(5325):559-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Columbia University, 650 West 168 Street, BB-307, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9228005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics/mortality/pathology/*therapy ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; *Genes, bcl-2 ; *Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Neurons/pathology ; Nerve Degeneration ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/analysis ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics/metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Ubiquitins/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has been implicated in the mediation of the stress-like and negative affective consequences of withdrawal from drugs of abuse, such as alcohol, cocaine, and opiates. This study sought to determine whether brain CRF systems also have a role in cannabinoid dependence. Rats were treated daily for 2 weeks with the potent synthetic cannabinoid HU-210. Withdrawal, induced by the cannabinoid antagonist SR 141716A, was accompanied by a marked elevation in extracellular CRF concentration and a distinct pattern of Fos activation in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Maximal increases in CRF corresponded to the time when behavioral signs resulting from cannabinoid withdrawal were at a maximum. These data suggest that long-term cannabinoid administration alters CRF function in the limbic system of the brain, in a manner similar to that observed with other drugs of abuse, and also induces neuroadaptive processes that may result in future vulnerability to drug dependence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodriguez de Fonseca, F -- Carrera, M R -- Navarro, M -- Koob, G F -- Weiss, F -- DA 08426/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DK26741/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):2050-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto Complutense de Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9197270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/drug effects/*metabolism ; Animals ; Anxiety/chemically induced ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Corticosterone/blood ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*metabolism ; Dronabinol/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/antagonists & ; inhibitors/pharmacology ; Male ; Microdialysis ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/analysis ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; Receptors, Drug/antagonists & inhibitors ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1997-03-21
    Description: To provide information about dynamic sensory stimuli, the pattern of action potentials in spiking neurons must be variable. To ensure reliability these variations must be related, reproducibly, to the stimulus. For H1, a motion-sensitive neuron in the fly's visual system, constant-velocity motion produces irregular spike firing patterns, and spike counts typically have a variance comparable to the mean, for cells in the mammalian cortex. But more natural, time-dependent input signals yield patterns of spikes that are much more reproducible, both in terms of timing and of counting precision. Variability and reproducibility are quantified with ideas from information theory, and measured spike sequences in H1 carry more than twice the amount of information they would if they followed the variance-mean relation seen with constant inputs. Thus, models that may accurately account for the neural response to static stimuli can significantly underestimate the reliability of signal transfer under more natural conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Ruyter van Steveninck, R R -- Lewen, G D -- Strong, S P -- Koberle, R -- Bialek, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1805-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NEC Research Institute, 4 Independence Way, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9065407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Diptera/*physiology ; Motion Perception ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Visual Pathways/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1997-08-22
    Description: It has been suggested that European Middle Pleistocene humans, Neandertals, and prehistoric modern humans had a greater sexual dimorphism than modern humans. Analysis of body size variation and cranial capacity variation in the large sample from the Sima de los Huesos site in Spain showed instead that the sexual dimorphism is comparable in Middle Pleistocene and modern populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arsuaga, J L -- Carretero, J M -- Lorenzo, C -- Gracia, A -- Martinez, I -- Bermudez de Castro, J M -- Carbonell, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 22;277(5329):1086-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Paleontologia, Instituto de Geologia Economica, Facultad de Ciencias Geologicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria 28040 Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9262474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Constitution ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Spain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1997-05-30
    Description: Human fossil remains recovered from the TD6 level (Aurora stratum) of the lower Pleistocene cave site of Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain, exhibit a unique combination of cranial, mandibular, and dental traits and are suggested as a new species of Homo-H. antecessor sp. nov. The fully modern midfacial morphology of the fossils antedates other evidence of this feature by about 650, 000 years. The midfacial and subnasal morphology of modern humans may be a retention of a juvenile pattern that was not yet present in H. ergaster. Homo antecessor may represent the last common ancestor for Neandertals and modern humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bermudez de Castro, J M -- Arsuaga, J L -- Carbonell, E -- Rosas, A -- Martinez, I -- Mosquera, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 30;276(5317):1392-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Departamento de Paleobiologia, J. Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9162001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Dentition ; Facial Bones ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/classification ; Humans ; Mandible ; Skull ; Spain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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