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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A field trial using Artificial Neural Networks to predict psychiatric in-patient Length-of-stay (1997)
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 5 (1997), S. 184-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Keywords: Neural networks ; Length-of-stay ; Psychiatry ; Resource utilization ; Back propagation ; Field study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Demands for health care reform will increase service utilization, much of which will fall on a system of expanded primary care providers, many of whom will not be specialists in psychiatry. These providers will need tools to augment their decision-making process. In this paper, we explore the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in three different field sites to predict inpatient psychiatric Length-Of-Stay (LOS). This study describes the development and implementation of a runtime system in three different psychiatric facilities. Data was collected at these respective sites using the runtime system, and then this data was used to retrain the networks to determine if site-specific data would improve accuracy of prediction of LOS. The results indicate that ANNs trained with state hospital data could accurately predict LOS in two different community hospital psychiatric units. When the respective ANNs were retrained with approximately 10% new data from these specific hospitals, rates of improvement ranged from 3% to 15%. Our findings demonstrate that an ANN can adapt to different treatment settings and, when retrained, significantly improve prediction of LOS. Prediction rates by the ANN after retraining are comparable to results of a clinical team.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01413862
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reducing costs of backhaul networks for PCS networks using genetic algorithms (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of heuristics 2 (1997), S. 201-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9397
    Keywords: network optimization ; telecommunications ; network design ; order-based genetic algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Designing cost-effective telecommunications networks often involves solving several challenging, interdependent combinatorial optimization problems simultaneously. For example, it may be necessary to select a least-cost subset of locations (network nodes) to serve as hubs where traffic is to be aggregated and switched; optimally assign other nodes to these hubs, meaning that the traffic entering the network at these nodes will be routed to the assigned hubs while respecting capacity constraints on the links; and optimally choose the types of links to be used in interconnecting the nodes and hubs based on the capacities and costs associated with each link type. Each of these three combinatorial optimization problems must be solved while taking into account its impacts on the other two. This paper introduces a genetic algorithm (GA) approach that has proved effective in designing networks for carrying personal communications services (PCS) traffic. The key innovation is to represent information about hub locations and their interconnections as two parts of a chromosome, so that solutions to both aspects of the problem evolve in parallel toward a globally optimal solution. This approach allows realistic problems that take 4–10 hours to solve via a more conventional branch-and-bound heuristic to be solved in 30–35 seconds. Applied to a real network design problem provided as a test case by Cox California PCS, the heuristics successfully identified a design 10% less expensive than the best previously known design. Cox California PCS has adopted the heuristic results and plans to incorporate network optimization in its future network designs and requests for proposals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00127357
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Least Absolute Deviation Estimation for Regression with ARMA Errors (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of theoretical probability 10 (1997), S. 481-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9230
    Keywords: ARMA process ; regression ; least absolute deviation estimation ; central limit theorem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The asymptotic normality for least absolute deviation estimates of the parameters in a linear regression model with autoregressive moving average errors is established under very general conditions. The method of proof is based on a functional limit theorem for the LAD objective function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022620818679
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic Hierarchical Packing of Wireless Switches Using a Seed, Repair and Replace Genetic Algorithm (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of heuristics 3 (1997), S. 187-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9397
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Suppose that items of equipment are to be added to a supply station (e.g., new switch modules are to be added to a telecommunications switch) over time to meet growing demand requirements. Both supply and demand have multiple components: an item of equipment supplies different amounts of several resources, and demand may be expressed in terms of the vector of resources required. There are several different types of equipment to choose among, each type supplying known amounts of each resource per unit of equipment. The supply station is organized into bays, shelves, or other capacitated “containers” so that when the cumulative amount of equipment added exceeds the holding capacity of the installed containers, new containers must be added, creating a relatively large jump in cumulative costs. Thus, it is desirable to sequentially “pack” items of equipment into the available containers, by choosing which types of equipment to install when, so as to minimize the total cost of covering demand in each period. We discuss an instance of this problem arising from wireless telephony and describe the performance of a conventional branch-and-bound optimization algorithm for solving it. The branch-and-bound approach works well on small instances of the problem, and has been used successfully in practical planning. However, it can take CPU-days to run, thus preventing development of a useful interactive planning tool. Therefore, we introduce a novel “seed, repair, and replace” genetic algorithm (SRR-GA) for solving dynamic packing problems of this type. We contrast its performance with the branch-and-bound algorithm's on both hand-generated and randomly-created dynamic packing problems, finding that the SRR-GA is two to three orders of magnitude faster and produces solutions of equal or better quality on practical problems. Variations of the dynamic packing problem and of the SRR-GA for solving it are mentioned, and the paper concludes by suggesting other potential applications of the SRR-GA to hard combinatorial optimization problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009683509118
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of activation energies of conductance and desiccation rates of some marine algae (1997)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 59 (1997), S. 275-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Key words: Activation energy, desiccation resistance, marine algae.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Measurements of the activation energy of electrical conductance and desiccation rates on subtidal marine algae from Florida were compared to similar data from the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, on intertidal marine algae frequently subjected to long periods of exposure to air. We have developed a method for calculating the reaction rate constant of desiccation of fully hydrated marine algae. Values of activation energies and desiccation rate constants are consistent with the requirements for survival of these algae under widely different environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000270050013
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of support composition on the structure and reactivity of strontium base catalysts (1997)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 44 (1997), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Strontium was supported on a variety of carriers, including silica, alumina, titania and carbon, by impregnation and decomposition of an acetate precursor at 773 K. These supported samples were characterized by surface area measurements, stepwise temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide and activity for the catalytic decomposition of 2-propanol. In some cases, infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were used to identify surface species. Results from these techniques suggested that strontium supported on silica forms a weakly basic surface silicate phase that had low activity for 2-propanol dehydrogenation. On alumina and titania, strontium acetate decomposed to form supported basic carbonates that were moderately active for 2-propanol dehydrogenation. When rates are normalized by the base site density determined from CO2 desorption, strontium supported on carbon was the most active sample for dehydrogenation of 2-propanol. These results suggest that the nature of supported alkaline earth catalysts is strongly dependent on the composition of the carrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018997630015
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single prenatal injections of melatonin or the D1-dopamine receptor agonist SKF 38393 to pregnant hamsters sets the offsprings' circadian rhythms to phases 180° apart (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 180 (1997), S. 339-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Suprachiasmatic nucleus  ;  Hypothalamic development  ;  c-fos  ;  Maternal/fetal  ;  Entrainment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pregnant Syrian hamsters with lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) received single injections of melatonin or the D1-dopamine receptor agonist, SKF 38393 on day 15 of gestation (1 day before birth). Pups were weaned on postnatal day 20 and their freerunning activity rhythms recorded for 3–4 weeks. The pups' phases on the day of weaning were significantly clustered in both of the treatment groups, but the average phases differed by approximately 180°. The results demonstrate that a single prenatal stimulus is sufficient to set the phases of the hamsters' rhythms and that the phase established depends on the stimulus. Both c-fos mRNA and Fos protein were expressed in the fetal SCN after SKF 38393 injection but neither were expressed after melatonin injection. Simulations showed that a single stimulus could produce the observed synchrony from a population of uniformally distributed phases if the phase shifts were three to four times the magnitude of the adult hamster light phase response curve (PRC). A light pulse PRC mimicked the effect of an SKF 38393 injection and a dark-pulse PRC mimicked the effects of a melatonin injection. Together these results suggest that dopamine and melatonin either are, or mimic, maternal entraining signals that represent day and night.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050053
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Robust Rapid-Response Probe for Measuring Bottom-Hole Temperatures in Deep-Ocean Boreholes (1997)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 19 (1997), S. 267-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: Heat flow ; hydrogeology ; instrumentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new probe has been constructed for making temperature measurements 1.1 m ahead of the bit in Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) boreholes. Temperatures are recorded at positions 1 and 11 cm above the tip of the probe. The combination of the dual temperature records and accelerometer data provides valuable information about disturbances that may affect the quality of measurements. Long battery life, and memory access via an external communications port, allow service-free operation for the full duration of typical drilling legs. Temperature resolution varies over the 110 K measurement range, from nominally 1 mK from -5 to 20 °C, to about 10 mK at 105 °C. The small (8 mm) diameter of the probe tip allows rapid thermal equilibration after penetration. The shallow (2.5°), continuous taper of the lower part of the probe serves to reduce the tendency of the formation to be cracked when the tool is pushed into the formation. It is sufficiently robust, however, to survive penetration into highly consolidated sediment and occasional contact with igneous rock. The tool was used for a total of 44 bottom-hole temperature measurements between 38 and 573 meters below seafloor (mbsf) during Leg 168, as well as for several logging runs in open holes. We anticipate adding a port in the tip to permit measurement of formation fluid pressure, and to enhance the utility of the tool for logging temperature profiles in open holes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004292930361
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Infrared Spectra of Comet Hale-Bopp at Heliocentric Distances of 4 and 2.9 AU (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comet ; infrared ; dust ; silicates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present 10 and 20 μm spectra of comet Hale-Bopp taken at UKIRT on 1996 June 20 and 1996 September 29.The 10 μm spectra clearly show a strong silicate feature with peaks at 10.0 and 11.2 μm. The 20 μm spectrum on September 29 has strong excess flux relative to a blackbody and a peak near 19μm, in good agreement with the ISO SWS spectra obtained a week later. However, the 20 μm spectrum on June 20 has significantly lower flux than would be expected based on a blackbody extrapolation from the flux at 12.5 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006229906690
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paul Lawrence Farber, Discovering Birds: The Emergence of Ornithology as a Scientific Discipline (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of the history of biology 30 (1997), S. 487-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0387
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , History
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004358729776
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