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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (52)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Humans
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (52)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (52)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1997  (52)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of epitope structure of PSP94 (prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids): (II) epitope mapping by monoclonal antibodies (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 65 (1997), S. 186-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: epitope mapping ; monoclonal antibodies ; linear epitope ; immuno-dominant ; immuno-recessive ; ELISA ; competitive ELISA ; recombinant GST-PSP94 ; N-terminal and C-terminal peptides ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: PSP94 has shown potential to be a serum biomarker for evaluating prostate cancer. Studies of the epitope structure is crucial for this endeavour. In this article, we have used 15 different monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to analyse the epitope structure of PSP94 and to compare with the results obtained from our previous work using polyclonal antibody and recombinant PSP94. Firstly, we determined the relative activities of the 15 MAb population by direct and competitive ELISA. The two predominant MAbs (MAb PSP-6 and -19) in 15 MAbs were selected for further studies of the epitope structure. By comparing the binding activities of recombinant GST-PSP94 and natural PSP94 with MAbs, and by comparing their affinity with MAbs in an in vitro denaturing experiment, PSP94 was shown to have a similar, prevalently linear epitope structure as we demonstrated by polyclonal antibody. Using recombinant GST fusion protein with PSP94 and with each half of the N- and C-terminal 47 amino acids (GST-PSP-N47/C47) in E. coli cells, the different epitopes recognized by 15 monoclonal antibodies were delineated and the polar distribution of the epitope structure of PSP94 was characterized. Results of direct ELISA of recombinant N47 and C47 and their competitive binding against natural PSP94 (competitive ELISA) showed that the N- and C-termini represent the immuno-dominant and immuno-recessive area separately. A majority of the monoclonal antibodies (12/15) showed preferential binding of the N-terminal sequence of the PSP94 protein. Using GST-PSP-N47 as a standard protein, an epitope map of the 15 monoclonal antibodies was obtained. The results of this study will help to define the clinical utility of PSP94. J. Cell. Biochem. 65:186-197. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered cell shape is linked to increased p34cdc2 gene expression in fibroblasts expressing a mutant E2F-1 transcription factor (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 65 (1997), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: E2F1 ; E2F1d87 ; NIH3TH ; fibroblasts ; p34cdc2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The E2F1 transcription factor or an amino terminal deletion mutant termed E2F1d87 was constitutively expressed in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Cells expressing wild-type E2F1 display a morphology indistinguishable from that of normal fibroblasts. However, the E2F1d87-expressing cells exhibited a distinct rounding during culture in media containing 10% calf serum. The morphology change was most pronounced during S phase, which was considerably lengthened in the E2F1d87-expressing cells. Consistent with this rounded shape, the E2F1d87-expressing cells have significantly increased levels of both p34cdc2 mRNA and protein. Also observed was an increase in active p34cdc2 in immunoprecipitates from extracts of the E2F1d87 cell line, as assayed by histone H1 kinase assay. The upregulation of p34cdc2 expression occurs at the transcriptional level and requires ectopic E2F1d87 along with serum growth factor stimulation, since culture of these cells in low serum media results in a flattened shape and a drop in p34cdc2 expression compared to that of the control cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 65:83-94. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of radiofrequency radiation-induced hyperthermia and 2-methoxyethanol teratogenicity in rats (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 18 (1997), S. 349-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: RF radiation ; industrial solvents ; glycol ethers ; developmental toxicity ; synergism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in a variety of workplaces. In addition to RF radiation, many workers are concurrently exposed to numerous chemicals; exposed workers include those involved with the microelectronics industry, plastic sealers, and electrosurgical units. The developmental toxicity of RF radiation is associated with the degree and duration of hyperthermia induced by the exposure. Previous animal research indicates that hyperthermia induced by an elevation in ambient temperature can potentiate the toxicity and teratogenicity of some chemical agents. We previously demonstrated that combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. The purpose of the present research is to determine the effects of varying the degree and duration of hyperthermia induced by RF radiation (sufficient to maintain colonic temperatures at control [38.5], 39.0, 40.0, or 41.0 °C for up to 6 h) and 2ME (100 mg/kg) administered on gestation day 13 of rats. Focusing on characterizing the dose-response pattern of interactions, this research seeks to determine the lowest interactive effect level. Day 20 fetuses were examined for external and skeletal malformations. The results are consistent with previous observations. Significant interactions were observed between 2ME and RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperatures at 41 °C for 1 h, but no consistent interactions were seen at lower temperatures even with longer durations. These data indicate that combined exposure effects should be considered when developing both RF radiation and chemical exposure guidelines and intervention strategies. Bioelectromagnetics 18:349-359, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Conditional Sterol Esterification Defect in Yeast having either a sec1 or sec5 Mutation in the Secretory Pathway (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 449-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; ergosterol ; esterification ; secretory mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two temperature-conditional secretory mutations, sec1 and sec5, cause the accumulation of post-Golgi vesicles when strains containing these mutations are grown at 37°C. In addition to accumulating vesicles, the mutants do not esterify free sterol on rich media at the restrictive temperature. It is the high level of inositol in the media that causes this condition in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, not a defective steryl ester synthase or lack of substrates. When strains containing the sec1 or sec5 mutation were transformed separately with a plasmid carrying SEC1 and SEC5, the esterification and secretory defects were alleviated. Double mutants containing sec6, sec14 or sec18 with either a sec1 or sec5 mutation have normal esterification levels. Strains with suppressor mutations were isolated that grew at 37°C, esterified sterols and had diminished accumulation of vesicles, when grown at the restrictive temperature on defined media with additional inositol. Electron microscopy was used to examine vesicle accumulation, the number of lipid droplets, and to further characterize the esterification defect. When grown at 37°C on defined medium, the strains with sec5 or sec1 accumulated the usual secretory vesicles, but when grown under similar conditions with elevated levels of inositol, accumulated an additional vesicular-like body. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of 21·7 kb DNA Sequence from the Left Arm of Chromosome VII Reveals 11 Open Reading Frames: Two Correspond to New Genes (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 475-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; chromosome VII ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The DNA sequence of a fragment of 21 731 bp (nucleotides 87408 to 109138) located on the left arm of chromosome VII from Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C has been determined using a random cloning strategy followed by an oligonucleotide-directed sequencing. This fragment contains eight complete genes previously sequenced (CLG1, SKI8, VAM7, YPT32, MIG2, SIP2, SPT16 and CHC1), the 5′ part of POX1 and two other complete unidentified open reading frames of more than 100 amino acids. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal repeat domain in RNA polymerase II by cyclin-dependent kinases is sufficient to inhibit transcription (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 64 (1997), S. 390-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: carboxy-terminal repeat domain (CTD) ; RNA polymerase II ; cyclin-dependent kinases ; phosphorylation ; transcription ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cdc2 kinase triggers the entry of mammalian cells into mitosis, the only cell cycle phase in which transcription is globally repressed. We show here that Cdc2 kinase phosphorylates components of the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery including the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal repeat domain (CTD). To test specifically the effect of CTD phosphorylation by Cdc2 kinase, we used a yeast in vitro transcription extract that is dependent on exogenous RNA polymerase II that contains a CTD. Phosphorylation was carried out using immobilized Cdc2 so that the kinase could be removed from the phosphorylated polymerase. ATPγS and Cdc2 kinase were used to produce an RNA polymerase 110 that was not detectably dephosphorylated in the transcription extract. RNA polymerase 110 produced in this way was defective in promoter-dependent transcription, suggesting that phosphorylation of the CTD by Cdc2 kinase can mediate transcription repression during mitosis. In addition, we show that phosphorylation of pol II with the human TFIIH-associated kinase Cdk7 also decreases transcription activity despite a different pattern of CTD phosphorylation by this kinase. These results extend previous findings that RNA polymerase 110 is defective in preinitiation complex formation. Here we demonstrate that phosphorylation of the CTD by cyclin-dependent kinases with different phosphoryl acceptor specificities can inhibit transcription in a CTD-dependent transcription system. J. Cell. Biochem. 64:390-402. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell-type specific regulation of human interstitial collagenase-1 gene expression by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in human fibroblasts and BC-8701 breast cancer cells (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 66 (1997), S. 322-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: transcription ; promoter ; mRNA stability ; nucleic acid sequence ; matrix metalloproteinase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a potent cytokine that stimulates interstitial collagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1; MMP-1). In this study, we compared the mechanism(s) by which IL-1β induces collagenase gene expression in two very different cells, normal human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and an aggressive breast cancer cell line, BC-8701 cells. Northern analysis showed that the time course of collagenase induction was distinct in the two cells: although both cells expressed low levels of MMP-1 constitutively, addition of IL-1β increased MMP-1 mRNA in HFFs by 1 h and levels remained high over a 24-h period. In contrast, MMP-1 levels in IL-1β-treated BC-8701 cells did not increase until 4 h, peaked by 12 h and then declined. To analyze the transcriptional response, we cloned and sequenced more than 4,300 bp of the human MMP-1 promoter, and from this promoter clone, we prepared a series of 5′-deletion constructs linked to the luciferase reporter and transiently transfected these constructs into both cell types to measure both basal and IL-1β induced transcription. When both cell types were uninduced, promoter fragments containing less than 2,900 bp gave only a minimal transcriptional response, while larger fragments showed increased transcriptional activity. With IL-1β treatment, significant responsiveness (P 〈 0.001) in HFFs was seen only with the larger fragments, while in the BC-8701 cells, all fragments were significantly induced with IL-1β. Finally, we found that IL-1β stabilized MMP-1 mRNA in normal fibroblasts, but not in BC-8701 breast cancer cells. We conclude that both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of MMP-1 gene expression by IL-1β is controlled by cell-type specific mechanisms, and we suggest that IL-1 induced MMP-1 expression in tumor cells and in neighboring stromal cells may amplify the invasive ability of tumor cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:322-336, 1977. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combination of osteoinductive bone proteins differentiates mesenchymal C3H/10T1/2 cells specifically to the cartilage lineage (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 65 (1997), S. 325-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: bone morphogenetic protein ; defined media ; in vitro ; development ; stem cell ; ascorbic acid ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: During embryonic development, cartilage formation involves the condensation of mesenchymal stem cells and a series of maturation steps that ultimately results in the mineralized hypertrophic chondrocyte. The embryonic, murine, mesenchymal stem cell line, C3H/10T1/2, is pluripotent; exposure to azacytidine or to bone morphogenetic protein-2 or -4 results in low rates of differentiation to three mesengenic lineages. In contrast to previous studies, we report conditions for 10T1/2 differentiation specifically to the cartilage lineage and at high yields. These conditions include high cell density micromass cultures, a purified mixture of osteoinductive proteins (BP; Intermedics Orthopedics, Denver, CO), a serum substitute, 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid, and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate. The cartilagenous fate was confirmed by 1) histological detection of sulfated proteoglycans, 2) electron microscopic detection of proteoglycan and rounded cells separated by extracellular matrix containing short, disorganized collagen fibrils, 3) morphological detection of a chondrocytes surrounded by a territorial matrix and encompassed within a distinct perichondrium, and 4) immunocytochemical detection of type II collagen and link protein. After 4 weeks in culture, mature although unmineralized cartilage was observed, as indicated by hypertrophic morphology, immunocytochemical detection of osteocalcin, and histological detection of lacunae. These conditions promote overt chondrogenesis for most of the treated cells and preclude lineage determination to the fat, muscle, and bone lineages, as assayed by electron microscopy and histomorphology. The faithful recapitulation of cartilage differentiation that we have established in vitro provides a versatile alternative to the use of chondrocyte and limb bud explant cultures. We propose this as a model system to study the factors that regulate commitment to the chondrogenic lineage, exclusion to related mesengenic pathways, and maturation during chondrogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 65:325-339. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell cycle-dependent modifications in activities of pRb-related tumor suppressors and proliferation-specific CDP/cut homeodomain factors in murine hematopoietic progenitor cells (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 66 (1997), S. 512-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cell cycle control ; H4 gene promoter ; G1/S phase transition point ; CDP/cut ; interferon regulatory factor 2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The histone H4 gene promoter provides a paradigm for defining transcriptional control operative at the G1/S phase transition point in the cell cycle. Transcription of the cell cycle-dependent histone H4 gene is upregulated at the onset of S phase, and the cell cycle control element that mediates this activation has been functionally mapped to a proximal promoter domain designated Site II. Activity of Site II is regulated by an E2F-independent mechanism involving binding of the oncoprotein IRF2 and the multisubunit protein HiNF-D, which contains the homeodomain CDP/cut, CDC2, cyclin A, and the tumor suppressor pRb. To address mechanisms that define interactions of Site II regulatory factors with this cell cycle control element, we have investigated these determinants of transcriptional regulation at the G1/S phase transition in FDC-P1 hematopoietic progenitor cells. The representation and activities of histone gene regulatory factors were examined as a function of FDC-P1 growth stimulation. We find striking differences in expression of the pRb-related growth regulatory proteins (pRb/p105, pRb2/p130, and p107) following the onset of proliferation. pRb2/p130 is present at elevated levels in quiescent cells and declines following growth stimulation. By contrast, pRb and p107 are minimally represented in quiescent FDC-P1 cells but are upregulated at the G1/S phase transition point. We also observe a dramatic upregulation of the cellular levels of pRb2/p130-associated protein kinase activity when S phase is initiated. Selective interactions of pRb and p107 with CDP/cut are observed during the FDC-P1 cell cycle and suggest functional linkage to competency for DNA binding and/or transcriptional activity. These results are particularly significant in the context of hematopoietic differentiation where stringent control of the cell cycle program is requisite for expanding the stem cell population during development and tissue renewal. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:512-523, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased expression of c-jun, but not retinoic acid receptor β, is associated with F9 teratocarcinoma stem cell differentiation induced by polyamine depletion (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 67 (1997), S. 378-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: α-difluoromethylornithine ; ornithine decarboxylase ; parietal endoderm ; retinoic acid receptor α ; retinoic acid receptor γ ; tissue plasminogen activator ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: α-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, and all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) are known to induce F9 teratocarcinoma stem cell differentiation. Both compounds induce the formation of the same cell type, i.e., parietal endoderm-like cells expressing tissue plasminogen activator and collagen type IV α-1. The present study shows that DFMO and RA induce terminal differentiation of F9 cells through different pathways. Thus, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α mRNA is weakly expressed during DFMO treatment, but strongly induced during an early phase of RA treatment. RAR β mRNA is not detectable in DFMO-treated cells, but very strongly induced by RA and maintained at a high level throughout the differentiative process. RAR γ mRNA is relatively strongly expressed in untreated control cells and remains at approximately the same level during DFMO-induced differentiation. In RA-treated cells, however, RAR γ mRNA is rapidly down-regulated and becomes nondetectable during the final course of differentiation. These experiments show that the differentiation of F9 cells into parietal endoderm-like cells does not necessarily involve changes in any of the RAR mRNA subtypes. Even though the steady-state levels of the RAR α and RAR γ transcripts may be sufficient to support the differentiative process, our data clearly show that induction of RAR β mRNA transcription is neither a prerequisite for F9 cell differentiation, nor an absolute consequence of the elevated c-jun mRNA expression that is consistently observed during the course of parietal endoderm differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 67:378-385, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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