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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (142)
  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999  (142)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1997  (142)
Sammlung
Schlagwörter
Verlag/Herausgeber
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999  (142)
  • 1960-1964
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Targeted antisense modulation of inflammatory cytokine receptors (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 55 (1997), S. 72-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): antisense ; receptor targeted delivery ; acute phase response ; IL-6 ; gp 130 ; HepG2 cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Antisense technology is potentially a powerful means by which to selectively control gene expression. We have used antisense oligonucleotides to modulate the response of the hepatoma cell line, HepG2, to the inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, by inhibiting the expression of its multifunctional signal transducer, gp130. HepG2 cells respond to IL-6 by upregulating acute phase proteins, such as haptoglobin, by five- to tenfold. Gp130 is central to this response, as the upregulation of haptoglobin is almost completely blocked by the addition of high concentrations (∼100 μg/ml) of a monoclonal antibody to gp 130. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to the mRNA encoding gp 130 inhibited the upregulation of haptoglobin by IL-6-stimulated HepG2 cells by about 50%. However, a nonsense sequence also inhibited haptoglobin secretion by about 20%. To improve the specificity and efficiency of action, we targeted the antisense oligonucleotides to HepG2 cells using a conjugate of asialoglycoprotein-poly-L-lysine. The targeted antisense reduced the binding of IL-6 to HepG2 cells, virtually eliminating high affinity binding. In addition, it inhibited haptoglobin upregulation by over 70%. Furthermore, the dose of targeted antisense required for biological effect was reduced by about an order of magnitude as compared with unconjugated antisense. These results demonstrate the potential of antisense oligonucleotides as a means to control the acute phase response as well as the need for a greater understanding of the mechanism and dynamics of antisense molecules as they are developed toward therapeutic application. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 72-81, 1997.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic modeling of poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) production and consumption by Paracoccus pantotrophus under dynamic substrate supply (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 55 (1997), S. 773-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): PHB ; poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) ; Paracoccus pantotrophus ; dynamic growth ; metabolic modeling ; polymers ; activated sludge process ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The objective of the research was to obtain insights into the behavior of microorganisms under feast/famine conditions as often occur in wastewater treatment processes. The response of microorganisms to such conditions is the accumulation of storage polymers like poly(β-hydroxybutyrate). The research was performed using a pure culture of Paracoccus pantotrophus LMD 94.21. A steady-state C-limited chemostat culture was switched to batch mode and a pulse of acetate was added. As long as external substrate (acetic acid) was present, the organism grew and accumulated poly(β-hydroxybutyrate). After depletion of the external substrate, the stored poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) was used as growth substrate. Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) accumulation was found to be strongly dependent on the growth rate of the organism before the pulse addition of acetate. Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) accumulation was correlated to the difference in maximum acetate uptake rate and the acetate required for growth. Based on the interpretation of the experimental results, a metabolically structured model has been set up. This model adequately describes the observed kinetics of the poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) formation and consumption. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 773-782, 1997.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on nitrite accumulation in a biofilm airlift suspension reactor (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 168-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): airlift reactor ; BAS reactor ; biofilm ; nitrification ; nitrite ; oxygen transfer ; residence time ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The biofilm airlift suspension (BAS) reactor can treat wastewater at a high volumetric loading rate combined with a low sludge loading. Two BAS reactors were operated, with an ammonium load of 5 kg N/(m3 d), in order to study the influence of biomass and oxygen concentration on the nitrification process. After start-up the nitrifying biomass in the reactors gradually increased up to 30 g VSS/L. Due to this increased biomass concentration the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient was negatively influenced. The resulting gradual decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration (over a 2-month period) was associated with a concomitantly nitrite build-up. Short term experiments showed a similar relation between dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) and nitrite accumulation. It was possible to obtain full ammonium conversion with approximately 50% nitrate and 50% nitrite in the effluent. The facts that (i) nitrite build up occurred only when DO dropped, (ii) the nitrite formation was stable over long periods, and (iii) fully depending on DO levels in short term experiments, led to the conclusion that it was not affected by microbial adaptations but associated with intrinsic characteristics of the microbial growth system. A simple biofilm model based on the often reported difference of oxygen affinity between ammonium and nitrite oxydizers was capable of adequately describing the phenomena.Measurements of biomass density and concentration are critical for the interpretation of the results, but highly sensitive to sampling procedures. Therefore we have developed an independent method, based on the residence time of Dextran Blue, to check the experimental methods. There was a good agreement between procedures.The relation between biomass concentration, oxygen mass transfer rate and nitrification in a BAS reactor is discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reductive dechlorination of PCB-contaminated raisin river sediments by anaerobic microbial granules (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 55 (1997), S. 182-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): dechlorination ; bioremediation ; PCBs ; sediments ; anaerobic granules ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-dechlorinating anaerobic microbial consortium, developed in a granular form, demonstrated extensive dechlorination of PCBs present in Raisin River sediments at room (20° to 22°C) and at a relatively low (12°C) temperature. Highly chlorinated PCB congeners were dechlorinated and less chlorinated compounds were produced. The homolog comparison showed that tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and heptachlorobiphenyl compounds decreased significantly, and mono- and dichlorobiphenyl compounds increased. After 32 weeks of incubation at 12°C, the predominant less chlorinated products included 2-, 4-, 2-2/26-, 24-, 2-4-, 24-2-, 26-2-, and 26-4-CB. Among these, 24- and 24-2-CB did not accumulate at room temperature, suggesting a further dechlorination of these congeners. Predominantly meta dechlorination (i.e., pattern M) was catalyzed by the microbial consortium in the granules. Dechlorination in the control studies without granules was not extensive. This study is the first demonstration of enhanced reductive dechlorination of sediment PCBs by an exogenous anaerobic microbial consortium. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 182-190, 1997.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On-line monitoring and control of methanol concentration in shake-flask cultures of Pichia pastoris (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 56 (1997), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): methanol sensor ; methanol monitoring and control ; methylotrophic yeast fermentation ; Pichia pastoris ; transferrin ; shake-flask cultures ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris can be used to express recombinant genes at high levels under the control of the methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter. Accurate regulation of the methanol concentration in P. pastoris cultures is necessary to maintain induction, while preventing accumulation of methanol to cytotoxic levels. We developed an inexpensive methanol sensor that uses a gas-permeable silicone rubber tube immersed in the culture medium and an organic solvent vapor detector. The sensor was used to monitor methanol concentration continuously throughout a fed-batch shake-flask culture of a P. pastoris clone producing the N-lobe of human transferrin. The sensor calibration was stable for the duration of the culture and the output signal accurately reflected the methanol concentration determined off-line by HPLC. A closed-loop control system utilizing this sensor was developed and used to maintain a 0.3% (v/v) methanol concentration in the culture. Use of this system resulted in a fivefold increase in volumetric protein productivity over levels obtained using the conventional fed-batch protocol. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 56: 279-286, 1997.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of whole blood phagocyte chemiluminescence in the Wistar rat (1997)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 12 (1997), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Schlagwort(e): granulocyte ; chemiluminescence ; rat ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The factors influencing the rat whole blood chemiluminescence (CL): concentrations of blood, luminol, zymosan or opsonized zymosan, volume of the reaction mixture, storage time of blood samples and the presence of anticoagulants were evaluated. The CL micromethod described provides a fast and sensitive tool for the determination of metabolic activity of phagocytes in the microlitre range of rat whole blood. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Predicting the partition coefficients of a recombinant cutinase in polyethylene glycol/phosphate aqueous two-phase systems (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 56 (1997), S. 248-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): cutinase ; aqueous two-phase systems ; partition ; modeling ; electrostatics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A model for the prediction of protein partition coefficients in aqueous two-phase systems has been developed. This model accounts for both charge-independent and electrostatic effects. The determination of nonelectrostatic effects was based on the model of Eiteman and Gainer for uncharged solutes while the electrostatic contribution was computed using TITRA, a program that uses a continuum electrostatic model to treat charge interactions in proteins and considers the effect of pH and ionic strength. The partition coefficients of Fusarium solani pisi recombinant cutinase have been satisfactorily predicted in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 and phosphate aqueous two-phase systems at a pH range of 6.0-9.0. The model failed to predict the enzyme partitioning behavior at pH 4.5. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 56: 248-257, 1997.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric identification of cytokine-regulated proteins in ME-180 cervical carcinoma cells (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 409-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Schlagwort(e): Cervical carcinoma ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Mass spectrometry ; Immobilized pH gradient ; Cytokine ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry is a powerful combination of technologies that allows high resolution separation of proteins and their rapid identification. Immobilized pH gradient (IPG) first-dimensional gels have several advantages over carrier ampholyte isoelectric focusing, including a high degree of reproducibility, good protein spot resolution, and a selection of pH range. Here we demonstrate the utility and efficacy of combining IPG 2-D gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to identify interferon-γ- (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-regulated proteins in ME-180 cervical carcinoma cells. Three cytokine-regulated proteins have been identified, using imidazole-zinc-stained preparative IPG 2-D gels and in-gel tryptic digestion followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for determination of peptide masses and sequences: (1) triosephosphate isomerase, a glycolytic pathway enzyme, (2) proteasome subunit C3, which is important in protein degradation, and (3) Ran, a GTP-binding protein important in cell cycle regulation, protein import into the nucleus, and RNA export from the nucleus.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150180315
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Volltext
  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of the nature of modifier in the enzymatic activity of chemical modified semipurified lipase from Candida rugosa (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 55 (1997), S. 252-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): lipase ; chemical modification ; stability ; esterification ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Semipurified lipase of Candida rugosa (CRSL) was subjected to chemical modification, and the activities of the modified lipase, in hydrolysis and esterification reactions, were examined. The esterification reactions were carried out in the absence and presence of isooctane. When the enzyme was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG), two methodologies were studied. The activation of PEG with p-NO2-phenylchloroformate gives better biocatalysts than those obtained with cyanuric chloride-PEG. The chemical modification with PEG increases the stability of pure lipases in isooctane at 50°C (extreme conditions). The chemically modified enzymes are useful for biotransformations in organic solvents. In addition the nitration of tyrosines with tetranitromethane was also studied. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 252-260, 1997.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of agitation intensities on fungal morphology of submerged fermentation (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 55 (1997), S. 715-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): fungal morphology ; pellets ; hyphae ; hair of pellets ; agitation intensity ; fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Both parallel fermentations with Aspergillus awamori (CBS 115.52) and a literature study on several fungi have been carried out to determine a relation between fungal morphology and agitation intensity. The studied parameters include hyphal length, pellet size, surface structure or so-called hairy length of pellets, and dry mass per-wet-pellet volume at different specific energy dissipation rates. The literature data from different strains, different fermenters, and different cultivation conditions can be summarized to say that the main mean hyphal length is proportional to the specific energy dissipation rate according to a power function with an exponent of -0.25 ± 0.08. Fermentations with identical inocula showed that pellet size was also a function of the specific energy dissipation rate and proportional to the specific energy dissipation rate to an exponent of -0.16 ± 0.03. Based on the experimental observations, we propose the following mechanism of pellet damage during submerged cultivation in stirred fermenters. Interaction between mechanical forces and pellets results in the hyphal chip-off from the pellet outer zone instead of the breakup of pellets. By this mechanism, the extension of the hyphae or hair from pellets is restricted so that the size of pellets is related to the specific energy dissipation rate. Hyphae chipped off from pellets contribute free filamentous mycelia and reseed their growth. So the fraction of filamentous mycelial mass in the total biomass is related to the specific energy dissipation rate as well.To describe the surface morphology of pellets, the hyphal length in the outer zone of pellets or the so-called hairy length was measured in this study. A theoretical relation of the hairy length with the specific energy dissipation rate was derived. This relation matched the measured data well. It was found that the porosity of pellets showed an inverse relationship with the specific energy dissipation rate and that the dry biomass per-wet-pellet volume increased with the specific energy dissipation rates. This means that the tensile strength of pellets increased with the increase of specific energy dissipation rate. The assumption of a constant tensile strength, which is often used in literature, is then not valid for the derivation of the relation between pellet size and specific energy dissipation rate. The fraction of free filamentous mycelia in the total biomass appeared to be a function of the specific energy dissipation in stirred bioreactors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 715-726, 1997.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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