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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 4014-4016 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present an apparatus for fabricating ion exchanged glass waveguides with reproducible characteristics. It consists of a vertical furnace with a uniform temperature zone, which is flat to within 1 °C over the sample length, a silica crucible for containing molten salt, a metallic sample holder made of either aluminum or stainless steel, and a motor-driven sample lowering system. The time and temperature are accurately controlled to produce waveguides of desired index profiles. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2886-2888 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate that fiber-optic probes with an intermediate section followed by a rapidly tapering tip lead to transmission efficiency enhancement of better than four orders-of-magnitude at 60 nm tip diameter and more than five orders-of-magnitude at smaller than 40 nm tip diameter over typical taffy-pulled fiber probes. Our highest resolution probes have a tip diameter of 30 nm with a transmission efficiency of 0.02%, and as an example we image tobacco mosaic virus with a resolution better than 35 nm. The probes are made in a two-step process involving pulling and then etching that permits both high efficiency and control of the mechanical resonance properties. The efficiency is enhanced by reducing the distance that the electromagnetic mode travels in the cut-off mode of the fiber probe. The higher resolution is achieved because sharper tips can be made through the etching process. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two positive transcription factors of the GATA family, Gln3p and NiMp/ Gatlp, upregulate the expression of multiple nitrogen pathway genes via upstream 5-GATA-3′ sequences. Another GATA factor, Uga43p/Da180p, downregulates to varying degrees the expression of some nitrogen-regulated genes. Here, we report the functional analysis of a fourth GATA factor, Gzf 3p/Ni12p, whose gene was discovered by systematic sequencing of chromosome X. The Gzf3 protein most closely resembles Uga43p. Similar to Uga43p, Gzf3p has the properties of a negative GATA factor. While Uga43p is active specifically under nitrogen-derepression conditions, Gzf 3p exerts its negative regulatory function specifically on preferred nitrogen sources: it is involved in nitrogen repression of NiMp-dependent transcription. At least one positive GATA factor is required for the UGA43 and GZF3 genes to be expressed. The Uga43p factor negatively regulates GZF3 expression and vice versa. In addition, both Uga43p and Gzf3p moderately regulate expression of their own genes. These two proteins seem to be parts of a complex network of GATA factors which probably play a determining role in nitrogen-regulated transcription.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: Desulfomonile tiedjei ; soil ; PCR ; reductive dechlorination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this work was to test the feasibility ofintroducing an anaerobic microbial reductivedechlorination activity into non sterile soil slurrymicrocosms by inoculation with the pure anaerobicbacterial strain Desulfomonile tiedjei, which iscapable of dechlorinating 3-chlorobenzoate tobenzoate. To show that the bacterium was establishedin the microcosms we followed the expression of thereductive dechlorination activity and a molecularprobe based on PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA genewas developed. However, the success of PCRamplification of the 16S rDNA gene depends on the DNAextraction and purification methodologies applied, asshown through the use of several protocols. In thisstudy we report a DNA extraction and purificationmethod which generates sufficient and very clean DNAsuitable for PCR amplification of the D. tiedjei16S rDNA gene. The threshold of detection was about5.103 bacteria per gram of soil slurry.Introduction of D. tiedjei in soil slurrymicrocosms proved successful since 3-chlorobenzoatedechlorination activity was established with thisbacterium in microcosms normally devoid of thisdechlorination capacity. Indeed, the addition of D. tiedjei to microcosms supplemented with acetateplus formate as cosubstrate, at their respectiveconcentrations of 5 and 6 mM, led to a totalbiotransformation of 2.5 mM of 3-chlorobenzoate within12 days. After complete 3-chlorobenzoatedechlorination, the 16S rDNA gene of this bacteriumwas specifically detected only in the inoculatedmicrocosms as shown by PCR amplification followed byrestriction mapping confirmation.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inventiones mathematicae 128 (1997), S. 589-602 
    ISSN: 1432-1297
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Metamorphosebedingungen und die Petrogenese der Amphibolite von Kef Lakhal und der mit ihnen assoziierten Amphibolit- und Olivin-reichen Linsen werden diskutiert. Die Kef Lakhal-Amphibolite enthalten Plagioklas, dessen Zusammensetzung von An85 bis An12 schwankt, und Ca-armen, normal zonierten Granat (〈 9 Gew % CaO). Sie wurden unter Bedingungen der obenen Amphibolitfacies metamorphosiert. Die Amphibolit-Linsen führen stets Ca-reichen (An97-78) Plagioklas und doppelt zonierten Granat (bis zu 14 Gew % Ca0). Die Granatzonierung läßt erkennen, daß die Linsen drei Metamorphose-Phasen, die auch sonst in dem Massiv nachgewiesen wurden, ausgesetzt waren. Die letzte Phase erreichte Bedingungen von ungefähr T = 700 ± 80 °C und P = 8–10 kb. Dies weist auf zwei, miteinander nicht verwandte magmatische Gesteinsabfolgen hin; dieses Konzept wird durch die chemische Zusammensetzung und durch quantitative Modellierung unterstützt. Die Kef Lakhal-Amphibolite wurden durch Olivin-dominierte fraktionierte Kristallisation aus Schmelzen gebildet, die durch partielle Aufschmelzung einer homogenen Quelle entstanden sind und MORB-Charakteristik haben. Die Amphibolit-Linsen gehen auch auf Olivin-dominierte Fraktionierungs-Prozesse zurück, hatten aber eine weniger homogene Quelle und zeigen Inselbogen-Charakteristika. Die assoziierten Olivin-reichen Linsen sind Lherzolit-Harzburgit Mantel-Residua, die von bis zu 35% Aufschmelzung betroffen waren. Obwohl zu berücksichtigen ist, daß isotopengeologische und strukturelle Daten fehlen, zeigen die Ergebnisse, daß fraktionierte Kristallisation von Schmelzen, die durch „Non-Modell Aufschmelzung” der Residua entstanden sind, nicht die Zusammensetzung der Amphibolite reproduzieren können. Hingegen liefert Fraktionierung von Schmelzen, die denen des RondaPeridotits ähnlich sind, Zusammensetzungen, die denen der Edough Amphibolite ähnlich sind.
    Notes: Summary The conditions of metamorphism and petrogenesis of Kef Lakhal amphibolites and associated amphibolite and olivine-rich lenses are discussed. The Kef Lakhal amphibolites contain plagioclase ranging from An85 and An12 and Ca-poor normally zoned garnet (〈 9 wt% CaO) and were last metamorphosed to upper amphibolite facies. The amphibolite lenses invariably contain calcic plagioclase (An97-78) and Ca-rich (up to 14 wt% CaO) doubly zoned garnets. Based on garnet zoning, it is found that the lenses experienced the three metamorphisms recorded elsewhere in the massif whereas the main amphibolites suffered only the last two metamorphisms, the last of which reached conditions of about T= 700 ± 80 °C and P= 8–10 Kb. This agrees with two unrelated igneous suites and is supported by the chemistry of the rocks and quantitative modelling. The Kef Lakhal amphibolites were formed by olivine-dominated fractional crystallisation processes from melts derived by partial melting of a homogeneous source and preserve MORB affinities. The amphibolite lenses were also evolved by fractional processes dominated by olivine but from a less homogeneous source and have island arc characteristics. The associated olivine-rich lenses are lherzolite-harzburgite mantle residua which suffered up to 35% melting. Bearing in mind the lack of isotopic and structural information, the data presented in this study indicate that fractional crystallisation of liquids produced through non model melting of these residua does not reproduce the composition of either of the amphibolites. Fractionation of melts similar to those derived from the Ronda peridotites yield compositions similar to the Edough amphibolites.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of oxidation of the diaqua(nitrilotriacetato)chromium(III) complex [CrIIInta(H2O)2], by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) to chromium(VI) in aqueous solution obeys the equation: where k1 is the rate constant for the electron-transfer process, K1 the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of [CrIIInta(H2O)2] to [CrIIInta(H2O)(OH)]−, and K2 is the pre-equilibrium formation constant for the precursor complex [CrIIInta(OH)(NBS)]−. The thermodynamic activation parameters were calculated and it is proposed that electron transfer proceeds via an inner-sphere mechanism.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Oxidation of the chromium(III)-dl-valine complex [CrIII(L)2(H2O)2]+ by periodate has been investigated in aqueous medium. The kinetics of the reaction in aqueous medium in the presence of iron(II) as catalyst obeyed the rate law: Catalysis by iron(II) is believed to be due to the oxidation of iron(II) to iron(III), which acts as the oxidizing agent. The thermodynamic activation parameters were calculated and we propose that electron transfer proceeds through an inner-sphere mechanism via coordination of IO4− to chromium(III).
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transition metal chemistry 22 (1997), S. 557-560 
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Oxidation of the chromium(III)-l-arginine complex [CrIII(L)2(H2O)2]+ by periodate has been investigated. In aqueous solutions, [CrIII(L)2(H2O)2]+ is oxidized by IO−4 according to the rate law: d[CrVI]/dt=k2K5[CrIII]T [IVII]T/1 +([H+]/K1)+K5[IVII]T where k2 is the rate constant for the electron transfer process, K1 the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of [CrIII(L)2- (H2O)2]+ to [CrIII(L)2(H2O)(OH)]+H+, and K5 the pre-equilibrium formation constant. Values of k2= 4.02×10−3s−1, K1=5.60×10−4m and K5=171m−1 were obtained at 30°C and I=0.2m. Thermodynamic activation parameters were calculated. It is proposed that electron transfer proceeds through an inner-sphere mechanism via coordination of IO−4 to chromium(III).
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 221 (1997), S. 247-249 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Neutral aqueous solutions of Nickel II-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) were irradiated using γ-rays both in the presence and in the absence of oxygen. A radiolytic mechanism has been proposed and discussed. It has been suggested that the radiolytic degradation of the ligand is due to the formation of OH* during radiolysis.
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