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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 1383-1403 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: crashworthiness ; homogenization ; topology design ; automotive structure optimization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The topological optimization of components to maximize crash energy absorption for a given volume is considered. The crash analysis is performed using a DYNA3D finite element analysis. The original solid elements are replaced by ones with holes, the hole size being characterized by a so-called density (measure of the reduced volume). A homogenization method is used to find elastic moduli as a function of this density. Simpler approximations were developed to find plastic moduli and yield stress as functions of density.Optimality criteria were derived from an optimization statement using densities as the design variables. A resizing algorithm was constructed so that the optimality criteria are approximately satisfied. A novel feature is the introduction of an objective function based on strain energies weighted at specified times. Each different choice of weighting factors leads to a different structure, allowing a range of design possibilities to be explored.The method was applied to an automotive body rear rail. The original design and a new design of equal volume with holes were compared for energy absorption.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 445-454 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: boundary element method ; unsteady aerodynamic force ; relative motion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper a numerical analysis was made to investigate the aerodynamic forces surrounding two bodies in relative motion in a fluid at rest in three dimensions. The unsteady boundary element method was employed in the numerical calculations. This method is very convenient for obtaining an approximate expression of the velocity potential, especially for practical use. The passing-by of two spheres in an incompressible perfect fluid which extends to infinity is treated by the present method. The resultant pressure coefficients on two spheres passing each other in opposite directions are calculated and discussed numerically. Numerical examples are presented to show the validity of the present method. The method is also applied to the calculation of the passing-by of two trains in an open area in order to investigate its applicability.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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