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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of faulty sensors using principal component analysis (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 2797-2812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Even though there has been a recent interest in the use of principal component analysis (PCA) for sensor fault detection and identification, few identification schemes for faulty sensors have considered the possibility of an abnormal operating condition of the plant. This article presents the use of PCA for sensor fault identification via reconstruction. The principal component model captures measurement correlations and reconstructs each variable by using iterative substitution and optimization. The transient behavior of a number of sensor faults in various types of residuals is analyzed. A sensor validity index (SVI) is proposed to determine the status of each sensor. On-line implementation of the SVI is examined for different types of sensor faults. The way the index is filtered represents an important tuning parameter for sensor fault identification. An example using boiler process data demonstrates attractive features of the SVI.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690421011
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polynorbornene: synthesis, properties and simulationsDedicated to Prof. Dr. Harald Cherdron on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 197 (1996), S. 3435-3453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The vinylic polymerization of norbornenes upon catalysis with Pd2+ complexes with norbornylnitrile as ligands is reported. The polynorbornenes (M̄w = 106) display a set of unique properties including a dense packing in the amorphous state, high glass transition temperatures, large refractive index, low birefringence and significant brittleness. To test the concept that these properties can be traced back to the conformational constraints of the polymer chains, we performed ab initio calculations, semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculations and force-field calculations employing a force field developed by us for polynorbornenes.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1996.021971029
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of cortical bone demineralization: Controlled demineralization - a new method for modifying cortical bone allografts (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 31 (1996), S. 365-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We investigated the kinetics of hydrochloric acid demineralization of human cortical bone with the objective of developing a method of controlled demineralization for structural bone allografts. It is known that the demineralization of cortical bone is a diffusion rate limited process with a sharp advancing reaction front. The demineralization kinetics of human cortical bone, described as the advance of the reaction front versus immersion time, were determined by measuring extraction of bone mineral in both planar and cylindrical geometries. Mathematical models based on diffusional mass transfer were developed to predict this process. The experimental data fit well with the behavior predicted by the model. The model for planar geometry is applicable to controlled demineralization of cortical bone allografts of irregular shapes such as cortical struts. The model for cylindrical geometry is appropriate when curved surfaces are involved such as in diaphyseal bone allografts. This method of demineralization has direct application to clinical modification of cortical bone allografts to potentially enhance their osteoinductive properties. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homo-atomic Nine-vertex Polyhedra of Group XIV Elements. Crystal structures and paramagnetic properties of [K-(2,2,2-crypt)]6E9E9 · 1.5 ethylenediamine · 0.5 toluene, E = Sn and Pb(2,2,2)crypt = 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1.10-diazobicyclo-(8.8.8)hexacosane (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 837-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Zintl anions ; extraction of alloys ; homo atomic nine vertex polyhedra ; crystal structure ; paramagnetism ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Homoatomare neunkernige Polyeder mit Elementen der Gruppe XIV. Die Kristallstrukturen und paramagnetischen Eigenschaften von [K-(2,2,2-crypt)]6E9E9 · 1.5-Ethylendiamin · 0.5 Toluol, E = Sn and Pb1)Die Extraktionen von Legierungen der nominalen Zusammensetzung „KE2.25“ mit Ethylendiamin (en), (2,2,2)crypt und Toluol (tol) ergeben in guten Ausbeuten paramagnetische Verbindungen der Zusammensetzung [K-(2,2,2-crypt)]6E9E9 · 1.5 en · 0.5 tol (E = Sn (2 b), Pb (2 c)). Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalysen zeigen, daß zwei unterschiedliche E9 Cluster pro asymmetrischer Einheit der Elementarzelle vorliegen mit Konfigurationen von verzerrten, dreifach überkappten trigonal prismatischen Polyedern. 2 b: Raumgruppe P21/c (Nr. 14), Z = 4, a = 28.042(8), b = 23.527(5), c = 27.703(8) Å, β = 93.46(2)°; 2 c: Raumgruppe P21/c (Nr. 14), Z = 4, a = 28.356(8), b = 23.757 (5), c = 27.885(8) Å, β = 94.01(2)°.
    Notes: The extractions of alloys of the nominal composition “KE2.25” with ethylenediamine (en), (2,2,2)crypt, and toluene (tol) lead in good yields to paramagnetic compounds of the composition [K-(2,2,2-crypt)]6E9E9 · 1.5 en · 0.5 tol (E = Sn (2 b), Pb (2 c)). X-ray single crystal structure analyses show that two different E9 clusters per asymmetric unit are present with configurations of distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic polyhedra. 2 b: space group P21/c (No. 14), Z = 4, a = 28.042(8), b = 23.527(5), c = 27.703(8) Å, β = 93.46(2)°; 2 c: space group P21/c (No. 14), Z = 4, a = 28.356(8), b = 23.757(5), c = 27.885(8) Å, β = 94.01(2)°.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220515
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