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  • American Chemical Society  (58)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (24)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (9)
  • Annual Reviews  (6)
  • 1995-1999  (97)
  • 1996  (97)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999  (97)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular evidence supporting the existence of two major groups in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 14 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Molecular methods allow an extremely fine strain typing that can be used to establish the population structure of bacterial species. This methodology has been used to characterize a collection of 74 uropathogenic Escherichia coli obtained from three hospitals located in geographically distant towns in Spain, some representatives of the ECOR collection and other reference strains. Genomic DNA was analyzed by RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) that can characterize a bacterial strain to the level of defining individual clones. The 16S rDNA-23S rDNA spacers were amplified by PCR and submitted to restriction analysis. Finally, the presence or absence of G adhesins in Escherichia coli as well as the type of adhesin (three types are known) have been shown by PCR amplification followed by digestion with restriction enzymes. As expected a wide diversity was shown by RAPD and identical patterns were only found in the case of strains isolated from the same individual, an obvious case of relapse. Analysis of the spacers' restriction patterns showed the presence of two markedly differentiated clusters that we have named α and ß. Both RAPD and spacer restriction patterns originated similar clusters of strains showing a consistency in the evolution of the global genome with the sequence variation of the ribosomal spacers. Furthermore, most of the strains having G-adhesin, with only a few exceptions, corresponded to the α rRNA spacer group. The two spacer types detected were also consistent with some phenotypic markers such as sucrose and raffinose utilization. The α and β clusters could be intraspecific groups produced by partial sexual isolation or other barriers that are originating a divergent evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1996.tb00291.x
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  • 2
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    Structure Sensitivity of CO2Hydrogenation Reaction Catalyzed by Pt/Carbon Catalysts (1996)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Synthesis of Substituted 1-Norbornylamines with Antiviral Activity (1996)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2623
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-4804
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by American Chemical Society
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryptosporidium parvum: Polyamine Biosynthesis from Agmatine (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb05004.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cernua) in cultivated sunflower (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 115 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Racial evolution of sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cernua) has been very rapid in Spain during recent years, in which resistance has been overcome several times and there has been an important increase in areas infested with this parasitic angiosperm. In order to find resistance to a highly virulent population of sunflower broomrape that could be used directly in breeding programmes, three different sets of cultivated plant material composed of 429 entries were tested by artificial inoculation. All evaluated inbred lines from Moden, Canada, were fully susceptible. Out of the 240 P.I. accessions tested, only 10 segregated for resistance to broomrape, the rest being susceptible. From the 160 USDA breeding lines evaluated, 5% were resistant and 19% segregated for resistance to O. cernua. These lines traced back mainly to crosses of RHA 274 and RHA 801 with Russian, Turkish and Romanian hybrids. The origin of P.I. accessions that segregated for resistance were primarily derived from the former USSR and from Romania.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00903.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEMOGRAPHIC AND GENETIC MODELS IN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY: Applications and Perspectives for Tropical Rain Forest Tree Species (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 27 (1996), S. 387-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We review deterministic and stochastic demographic models as well as classical population genetic models that have been applied to tropical rain forest tree species. We discuss their implications for conservation. The main conclusions of deterministic demographic models are the key importance of species' longevity in determining susceptibility of population growth rate to harvesting of individuals at different life-stages, the critical effect of patch dynamics, and the importance of density-dependent mechanisms at least for abundant species. Population viability analysis to predict extinction times of tropical rain forest tree species has only been performed for four tropical rain forest tree species using the simplest Lefkovitch matrix linear model. Results obtained are in accordance with results of simple stochastic models for nonstructured populations that have been solved analytically. Population genetic models have shown that tropical rain forest trees: (a) possess high levels of genetic diversity, (b) maintain greater proportions of genetic variation within than among populations, (c) are predominantly outcrossed, and (d) have high levels of gene flow. These results suggest that tropical tree species may not be in immediate danger of extinction from genetic factors if actual conditions are maintained. However, the impact of forest fragmentation is expected to be particularly strong for most tropical rain forest tree species due mainly to the high genetic load kept by their present population genetic structures. Recent theoretical demographic-genetic models for simple systems suggest that the fixation of new mildly detrimental mutations may be comparable in importance to environmental stochasticity, implying minimum viable populations as large as a few thousands. It is urgent to develop a model that integrates genetic and demographic factors, that enables evaluations of their relative importance in long-term persistence of tropical rain forest tree species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.387
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REGULATION OF MHC CLASS II GENES: Lessons from a Disease (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 14 (1996), S. 301-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Precise regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) gene expression plays a crucial role in the control of the immune response. A major breakthrough in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in MHC-II regulation has recently come from the study of patients that suffer from a primary immunodeficiency resulting from regulatory defects in MHC-II expression. A genetic complementation cloning approach has led to the isolation of CIITA and RFX5, two essential MHC-II gene transactivators. CIITA and RFX5 are mutated in these patients, and the wild-type genes are capable of correcting their defect in MHC-II expression. The identification of these regulatory factors has furthered our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate MHC-II genes. CIITA was found to be a non-DNA binding transactivator that functions as a molecular switch controlling both constitutive and inducible MHC-II expression. The finding that RFX5 is a subunit of the nuclear RFX-complex has confirmed that a deficiency in the binding of this complex is indeed the molecular basis for MHC-II deficiency in the majority of patients. Furthermore, the study of RFX has demonstrated that MHC-II promoter activity is dependent on the binding of higher-order complexes that are formed by highly specific cooperative binding interactions between certain MHC-II promoter-binding proteins. Two of these proteins belong to families of which the other members, although capable of binding to the same DNA motifs, are probably not directly involved in the control of MHC-II expression. Finally, the facts that CIITA and RFX5 are both essential and highly specific for MHC-II genes make possible novel strategies designed to achieve immunomodulation via transcriptional intervention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.301
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOME NEW STRUCTURAL ASPECTS AND OLD CONTROVERSIES CONCERNING THE CYTOCHROME b6f COMPLEX OF OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47 (1996), S. 477-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cytochrome b6f complex functions in oxygenic photosynthetic membranes as the redox link between the photosynthetic reaction center complexes II and I and also functions in proton translocation. It is an ideal integral membrane protein complex in which to study structure and function because of the existence of a large amount of primary sequence data, purified complex, the emergence of structures, and the ability of flash kinetic spectroscopy to assay function in a readily accessible ms-100 mus time domain. The redox active polypeptides are cytochromes f and b6 (organelle encoded) and the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (nuclear encoded) in a mol wt = 210,000 dimeric complex that is believed to contain 22-24 transmembrane helices. The high resolution structure of the lumen-side domain of cytochrome f shows it to be an elongate (75 A long) mostly beta-strand, two-domain protein, with the N-terminal alpha-amino group as orthogonal heme ligand and an internal linear 11-A bound water chain. An unusual electron transfer event, the oxidant-induced reduction of a significant fraction of the p (lumen)-side cytochrome b heme by plastosemiquinone indicates that the electron transfer pathway in the b6f complex can be described by a version of the Q-cycle mechanism, originally proposed to describe similar processes in the mitochondrial and bacterial bc1 complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.47.1.477
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long- and short-term responses of leaf carbohydrate levels and photosynthesis to decreased sink demand in soybean (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Axillary buds and the apical portion of shoots of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cultivar Turchina] plants were trimmed to investigate long-term regulation of photosynthesis by sink demand at ambient CO2 and 22 °C. Also, in intact and trimmed shoots, the CO2 level was increased to 660 μmol mol−1 and temperature was lowered to 5°C to examine the superimposed short-term responses of photosynthesis to low sink demand. Under growth conditions, trimming the shoots increased leaf photosynthesis and the levels of sucrose, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA), as well as the G6P/fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and sucrose/starch ratios, while it decreased the level of starch and the triose-phosphate (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, TP)/PGA ratio. Photosynthesis enhancement was accompanied by increased chlorophyll contents and ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) activity. Sink removal consistently increased photosynthesis measured under a variety of conditions (growth CO2 or a short-term change to 660 μmol mol-1 CO2; growth temperature or a short-term change to 5 °C), except when low temperature was combined with ambient CO2; the increase in photosynthesis was higher under short-term elevated CO2 than at ambient CO2. In contrast with its effect at ambient CO2, shoot trimming increased the levels of TP and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and the TP/PGA ratio under high-CO2 conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00462.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long- and short-term effects of decreased sink demand on carbohydrate levels and photosynthesis in wheat leaves (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ears were removed to investigate long-term regulation of photosynthesis by sink demand at ambient CO2 and 22 °C. The CO2 level was also increased to 660 μmol mol−1 and temperature was lowered to 5 °C to examine short-term responses of photosynthesis to low sink demand. Sink removal inhibited photosynthesis and increased leaf levels of glucose, fructose and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate (RuBP), and the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)/fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and RuBP/3-phosphoglycerate (PGA) ratios under growth conditions, but had no effect on the activity and activation state of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) either under growth or short-term conditions, suggesting an inhibition of photosynthesis by decreased in vivo catalysis of Rubisco. Photosynthesis increased similarly in eared and earless shoots after a rise in CO2 concentration, and the ratio of triose-phosphates (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, TP) to PGA was similar or higher for removed than intact ears, suggesting that feedback inhibition of photosynthesis was not caused by a limitation of ATP synthesis in chloroplasts. Under short-term conditions (660 μmol mol−1 CO2, 5 °C), TP and RuBP levels and the TP/PGA and TP/RuBP ratios were increased by sink removal, indicating an additional limitation of photosynthesis by the rate of RuBP regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00436.x
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