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  • nitrogen  (11)
  • Glycine max  (7)
  • Springer  (18)
  • 1995-1999  (18)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1996  (18)
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  • Springer  (18)
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  • 1995-1999  (18)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term 15N studies in a catena of the shortgrass steppe (1996)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 32 (1996), S. 41-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: nitrogen ; particulate organic matter ; nutrient cycling ; grassland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A set of long term15N studies was initiated during the summers of 1981 and 1982 on the backslope and footslope, respectively, of a catena in the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. Microplots labeled with15N urea were sampled for15N and total N content in 1981 and 1982 and again in 1992. In November, 1982, 100% of the added N was recovered in the soil-plant system of the finer-textured footslope, compared to 39% in the coarser-textured backslope microplots. Ten years later,15N recovery of the applied N decreased at both topographic positions to 85% in the footslope and 29% in the backslope. Average losses since the time of application were 3.5 g N m−2yr−1 in the backslope and 0.8 g N m−2yr−1 in the footslope. In 1992, soil organic matter was physically fractionated into particulate (POM) and mineral associated (MAON) fractions and 21-day mineralization incubations were conducted to assess the relative amounts of15N that were in the slow, passive and active soil organic matter pools, respectively, of the two soils. Our findings confirm the assumptions that POM represents a large portion of the slow organic compartment and that the MAON represents a large fraction of the passive compartment defined in the Century model. The N located in the MAON had the lowest availability for plant uptake. Isotopic data were consistent with textural effects and with the Century model compartmentalization of soil organic N based on the residence time of the organic N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001531
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A GIS-based index for relating landscape characteristics to potential nitrogen leaching to wetlands (1996)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 11 (1996), S. 237-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: wetlands ; non-point source pollution ; nitrogen ; watershed ; leaching ; geographic information system ; landscape ; groundwater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We developed a spatially-explicit, quantitative Nitrogen Leaching Index to assess the potential for non-point source subsurface nitrogen pollution to wetlands. The index was based on the leaching potential of the watershed soils, the amount of nitrogen available for leaching, and the spatial position of nitrogen sources in the watershed. A raster or cell-based geographic information system (GIS) was used to estimate the necessary data inputs for calculating the index, such as soil hydrologic group, land use/soil type combination, groundwater residence time, and location of septic systems. The Total and Average Watershed Nitrogen Leaching Index (TWNLI and AWNLI) were calculated by summing and averaging, respectively, individual cell contributions over a watershed. Analysis of nine wetland watersheds in central New York state, USA, with mixed forest and agricultural land uses illustrated the use of the index for identifying and ranking wetlands with potential nitrogen pollution. Results showed that the spatial characteristics of a watershed potentially can effect subsurface nitrogen delivery to groundwater-dominated wetlands. The use of an index based on watershed soils, topography, and land use may be useful for assessing potential nitrogen pollution to wetlands at a regional scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02071814
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of 12 different plasmids into soybean via particle bombardment (1996)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 15 (1996), S. 500-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Glycine max ; Recombination ; Soybean ; Transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Particle bombardment offers a simple method for the introduction of DNA into plant cells. Multiple DNA fragments may be introduced on a single plasmid or on separate plasmids (co-transformation). To investigate some of the properties and limits of co-transformation, 12 different plasmids were introduced into embryogenic suspension culture tissue of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] via particle bombardment. The DNAs used for co-transformation included 10 plasmids containing KFLP markers for maize and 2 plasmids separately encoding hygromycin-resistance and ß-glucuronidase. Two weeks following bombardment with the 12 different plasmids, suspension culture tissue was placed under hygromycin selection. Hygromycin-resistant clones were isolated after an additional 5 to 6 weeks. Southern hybridization analysis of 26 hygromycin-resistant embryogenic clones verified the presence of introduced plasmid DNAs. All of the co-transforming plasmids were present in most of the transgenic soybean clones and there was no preferential uptake and integration of any of the plasmids. The copy number of individual plasmids was approximately equal within clones but highly variable between clones. While some clones contained as few as zero to three copies of each plasmid, others clones contained as many as 10 to 15 copies of each of the 12 different plasmids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232982
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLP loci associated with soybean seed protein and oil content across populations and locations (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 649-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Soybean ; Glycine max ; Protein content ; Oil content ; Mapping ; QTL ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Molecular markers provide the opportunity to identify marker-quantitative trait locus (QTL) associations in different environments and populations. Two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] populations, ‘Young’ x PI 416 937 and PI 97100 x ‘Coker 237’, were evaluated with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers to identify additional QTLs related to seed protein and oil. For the Young x PI 416937 population, 120 F4-derived lines were secored for segregation at 155 RFLP loci. The F4-derived lines and two parents were grown at Plains, G.a., and Windblow and Plymouth, N.C. in 1994, and evaluated for seed protein and oil. For the PI 97100 x Coker 237 population, 111 F2-derived lines were evaluated for segregation at 153 RFLP loci. Phenotypic data for seed protein and oil were obtained in two different locations (Athens, G.a., and Blackville, S.C.) in 1994. Based on single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the Young x PI 416937 population, five of seven independent markers associated with seed protein, and all four independent markers associated with seed oil in the combined analysis over locations were detected at all three locations. For the PI 97 100 x Coker 237 population, both single-factor ANOVA and interval mapping were used to detect QTLs. Using single-factor ANOVA, three of four independent markers for seed protein and two of three independent markers for seed oil were detected at both locations. In both populations, singlefactor ANOVA, revealed the consistency of QTLs across locations, which might be due to the high heritability and the relatively few QTLs with large effects conditioning these traits. However, interval mapping of the PI 97100 x Coker 237 population indicated that QTLs identified at Athens for seed protein and oil were different from those at Blackville. This might result from the power of QTL mapping being dependent on the level of saturation of the genetic map. Increased seed protein was associated with decreased seed oil in the PI 97100 x Coker 237 population (r = −0.61). There were various common markers (P⩽0.05) on linkage groups (LG) E, G,H,K, and UNK2 identified for both seed protein and oil. One QTL on LG E was associated with seed protein in both populations. The other QTLs for protein and oil were population specific.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224058
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers associated with seed weight in two soybean populations (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1011-1016 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Soybean ; Glycine max ; Seed weight ; RFLP ; QTL ; Markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed weight (SW) is a component of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., seed yield, as well as an important trait for food-type soybeans. Two soybean populations, 120 F4-derived lines of ‘Young’xPI416937 (Pop1) and 111 F2-derived lines of PI97100x‘Coker 237’ (Pop2), were mapped with RFLP makers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conditioning SW across environments and populations. The genetic map of Pop1 consisted of 155 loci covering 973 cM, whereas Pop2 involved 153 loci and covered 1600 cM of map distance. For Pop1, the phenotypic data were collected from Plains, GA., Windblow, N.C., and Plymouth, N.C., in 1994. For Pop2, data were collected from Athens, GA., in 1994 and 1995, and Blackville, S.C., in 1995. Based on single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), seven and nine independent loci were associated with SW in Pop1 and Pop2, respectively. Together the loci explained 73% of the variability in SW in Pop1 and 74% in Pop2. Transgressive segregation occurred among the progeny in both populations. The marker loci associated with SW were highly consistent across environments and years. Two QTLs on linkage group (LG) F and K were located at similar genomic regions in both populations. The high consistency of QTLs across environments indicates that effective marker-assisted selection is feasible for soybean SW.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers associated with seed weight in two soybean populations (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1011-1016 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Soybean ; Glycine max ; Seed weight ; RFLP ; QTL ; Markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed weight (SW) is a component of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., seed yield, as well as an important trait for food-type soybeans. Two soybean populations, 120 F4-derived lines of `Young'×PI416937 (Pop1) and 111 F2-derived lines of PI97100×`Coker 237' (Pop2), were mapped with RFLP makers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conditioning SW across environments and populations. The genetic map of Pop1 consisted of 155 loci covering 973 cM, whereas Pop2 involved 153 loci and covered 1600 cM of map distance. For Pop1, the phenotypic data were collected from Plains, GA., Windblow, N.C., and Plymouth, N.C., in 1994. For Pop2, data were collected from Athens, GA., in 1994 and 1995, and Blackville, S.C., in 1995. Based on single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), seven and nine independent loci were associated with SW in Pop1 and Pop2, respectively. Together the loci explained 73% of the variability in SW in Pop1 and 74% in Pop2. Transgressive segregation occurred among the progeny in both populations. The marker loci associated with SW were highly consistent across environments and years. Two QTLs on linkage group (LG) F and K were located at similar genomic regions in both populations. The high consistency of QTLs across environments indicates that effective marker-assisted selection is feasible for soybean SW.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050328
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of quantitative trait loci for plant height, lodging, and maturity in a soybean population segregating for growth habit (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 516-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Soybean ; Glycine max ; QTL ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The use of molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has the potential to enhance the efficiency of trait selection in plant breeding. The purpose of the present study was to identify additional QTLs for plant height, lodging, and maturity in a soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., population segregating for growth habit. In this study, 153 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and one morphological marker (Dt1) were used to identify QTLs associated with plant height, lodging, and maturity in 111 F2-derived lines from a cross of PI 97100 and ‘Coker 237’. The F2-derived lines and two parents were grown at Athens, Ga., and Blackville, S.C., in 1994 and evaluated for phenotypic traits. The genetic linkage map of these 143 loci covered about 1600 cM and converged into 23 linkage groups. Eleven markers remained unlinked. Using interval-mapping analysis for linked markers and single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), loci were tested for association with phenotypic data taken at each location as well as mean values over the two locations. In the combined analysis over locations, the major locus associated with plant height was identified as Dt1 on linkage group (LG) L. The Dt1 locus was also associated with lodging. This locus explained 67.7% of the total variation for plant height, and 56.4% for lodging. In addition, two QTLs for plant height (K007 on LG H and A516b on LG N) and one QTL for lodging (cr517 on LG J) were identified. For maturity, two independent QTLs were identified in intervals between R051 and N100, and between B032 and CpTI, on LG K. These QTLs explained 31.2% and 26.2% of the total variation for maturity, respectively. The same QTLs were identified for all traits at each location. This consistency of QTLs may be related to a few QTLs with large effects conditioning plant height, lodging, and maturity in this population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224553
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of quantitative trait loci for plant height, lodging, and maturity in a soybean population segregating for growth habit (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 516-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Soybean ; Glycine max ; QTL ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   The use of molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has the potential to enhance the efficiency of trait selection in plant breeding. The purpose of the present study was to identify additional QTLs for plant height, lodging, and maturity in a soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., population segregating for growth habit. In this study, 153 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and one morphological marker (Dt1) were used to identify QTLs associated with plant height, lodging, and maturity in 111 F2-derived lines from a cross of PI 97100 and `Coker 237'. The F2-derived lines and two parents were grown at Athens, Ga., and Blackville, S.C., in 1994 and evaluated for phenotypic traits. The genetic linkage map of these 143 loci covered about 1600 cM and converged into 23 linkage groups. Eleven markers remained unlinked. Using interval-mapping analysis for linked markers and single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), loci were tested for association with phenotypic data taken at each location as well as mean values over the two locations. In the combined analysis over locations, the major locus associated with plant height was identified as Dt1 on linkage group (LG) L. The Dt1 locus was also associated with lodging. This locus explained 67.7% of the total variation for plant height, and 56.4% for lodging. In addition, two QTLs for plant height (K007 on LG H and A516b on LG N) and one QTL for lodging (cr517 on LG J) were identified. For maturity, two independent QTLs were identified in intervals between R051 and N100, and between B032 and CpTI, on LG K. These QTLs explained 31.2% and 26.2% of the total variation for maturity, respectively. The same QTLs were identified for all traits at each location. This consistency of QTLs may be related to a few QTLs with large effects conditioning plant height, lodging, and maturity in this population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050158
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of purification efficiencies of various constructed ecosystems (aquatic, semi-aquatic and terrestrial) receiving urban wastewaters (1996)
    Springer
    Wetlands ecology and management 4 (1996), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9834
    Keywords: Alnus glutinosa ; constructed ecosystems ; disinfection ; Iris pseudacorus ; multi-stage systems ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; constructed treatment wetlands ; optimization ; purification efficiencies ; urban wastewaters treatment ; Typha latifolia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tests were carried out under controlled conditions in the Experimental Plant of Viville (Arlon, Belgium) to enhance the purification of urban wastewater by “natural” means. The results demonstrate the need to structure treatment systems in a series of different artificial ecosystems (or a Hierarchical Mosaic of Artificial Ecosystems — MHEA in French). The first two levels we used were made up of an unplanted aquatic ecosystem (stabilization pond) followed by a semi-aquatic ecosystem planted withTypha latifolia L. in which the water flows over the substrate. At a flow rate of 4 m2/PE (1 PE=150 1/day of typical urban wastewaters in Belgian rural zones), this first stage substantially reduces suspended solids (SS), COD and BOD5, a significant amount of tot-N and tot-P, and reduces pathogens by 100-fold. Further, the system is easy to manage (sludge is eliminated in the first stage and biomass is collected in the second stage) and the treatment system does not clog up. Nevertheless, real and sustainable environmental protection demands even higher performance rates, and these first two stages, both in terms of design and dimension, can only be considered as a satisfactory part of a MHEA system. Artificial aquatic, semi-aquatic, and terrestrial ecosystems were systematically compared at the third and fourth stage of the system to increase the overall removal efficiency. The most complete and efficient system in our tests (i.e., the one that provides the most successful primary (SS), secondary (COD and BOD5) and tertiary (N and P) treatment and the best pathogens removal rates) was made up of 3 sequential series of ecosystems: an aquatic ecosystem whose flow went into a plantedTypha latifolia system (surface water flow), that flowed into a terrestrial ecosystem planted withAlnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn (vertical subsurface water flow). A total surface area (stages 1–4) of 8 m2/PE ensured a high performance level whose outflow conformed to the strictest European norms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01879239
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of soil desiccation on the nutrient status of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell seedlings (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 179 (1996), S. 45-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Eucalyptus regnans ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; soil desiccation ; soil microfractures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The poor growth of young Eucalyptus regnans seedlings in undried soil from the mature forest of E. regnans can be overcome by previously air-drying the soil or by adding sufficient amounts of complete soluble fertilizer or equivalent concentrations of P (as NaH2PO4) and N (as NaNO3). A factorial pot experiment in which phosphate and nitrate were added to undried soil indicated that P was the primary deficiency for young seedlings and that response to N did not occur until this lack was satisfied. In dried soil, seedlings also responded to additions of complete fertilizer but most of this effect was due to N rather than P. Field trials in the mature forest also indicated greater growth in dried soil than undried soil and confirmed a response of young seedlings to superphosphate. In pot experiments, the concentration of P and N per g plant dry weight after four months was relatively constant irrespective of the final size of the plant. Seedlings in dried soil extracted up to 15 times more P than did those grown in undried soil. In general, chemical analysis of soil indicated more extractable P and N from dried soil although this was not always consistently so. Soil desiccation resulted in an increase in soil surface area due to the fragmentation of larger peds and to an increase in the number of microfractures which remained in the soil crumbs after rewetting. Mycorrhiza are likely to be important since the differentiation of the growth response of seedlings in dried and undried soil, which occurred at 5–6 weeks, corresponded with the establishment of full ectomycorrhizal development (80% root tips). The factors concerned with the increase in fertility after air-drying are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011641
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