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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein separation by continuous-flow electrophoresis in microgravity (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 2069-2079 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During the IML-2 space shuttle mission, the RAMSES instrument was operated in the Spacelab module. This continuous-flow electrophoresis device performs separation and purification of protein solutions on a preparative scale. Samples containing artificial mixtures of pure proteins were used to test the capabilities of the device, and useful separations were obtained for proteins having a mobility difference of only 3 × 10-9 m2·V-1·s-1. Operating conditions that cannot be applied on earth were explored for two different sample concentrations, one of which is too high to allow treatment on earth. It agrees well with a previously published numerical model in that the main cause of loss in resolution in this process is the electrohydrodynamic spreading of the protein filaments.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420727
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples by Micellar liquid chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Liquid chromatography ; Alcohols ; Micelles ; Enviromental samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by high-performance liquid chromatography using a hybrid micellar mobile phase is described. The detection of PAHs was carried out using the fluorescence method with programmable excitation and emission wavelength. The method is applied to the analysis of several environmental samples (sea water, sediments, limpets, sea worms) and several of these compounds are quantitated at concentration below 70 ng L-1(kg-1) in the original samples.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190210
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    λ5-Phosphetes, Benzo-λ5-Phosphetes, Naphtho-λ5-Phosphetes: Four-π-, Eight-π-, and Twelve-π-Electron SystemsDedicated to Professor Manfred Regitz on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 68-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: ab initio calculations ; cyclic ylides ; heterocycles ; phosphorus ylides ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of possible strategies for the preparation of λ5-phosphetes were tested as follows: cyclopropenium 6 was treated with the lithium salt of diphenylphosphine to give phosphinocyclopropene 7, but 7 did not undergo ring expansion upon photolysis or thermolysis. P-chloro-C—trimethylsilyl-substituted ylide 8b reacted with two equivalents of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to afford phosphinine 13 via a transient λ5-phosphete 12. Addition of aluminum trichloride to P-halogenated ylides 17a-b led to dihydrophosphetium salts 19a-b, which, upon treatment with pyridine, isomerized into the 1, 2-dihydrophosphet-2-ium salts 20a-b. Hydrolysis of derivatives 20a-b cleanly afforded phosphoniums 21 a-b, which reacted with NaN(SiMe3)2 to give rise to the corresponding λ5-phosphetes 22a-b. The benzo-λ5-phosphete 22a underwent ring expansion reactions with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and acetonitrile, leading to benzo-λ5-phosphinine and benzo-1, 4λ5-azaphosphinine in good yields. Derivative 22b was characterized by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Ab initio SCF calculations, IGLO-13C chemical shifts and Δχ for various benzannulated derivatives and phosphorus heterocycles are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19960020113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast adsorptive stripping voltammetry of iron in oxygenated seawater (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 8 (1996), S. 1065-1071 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Iron ; Seawater ; Adsorptive stripping voltammetry ; Speciation ; 1-Nitroso-2-napthol ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A fast adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure for the determination of ultratrace amounts of iron in unpurged oceanic waters is reported. The method is based on that developed by van den Berg et al. [l]. It was modified to increase the sensitivity, to measure in the presence of oxygen and to reduce drastically the analysis time at the ultratrace level (pM). The scan rate, pH and concentrations of reagents were optimized to avoid interferences using background correction. The catalytic effect of the hydrogen peroxide was not found using high scan rate. The instability of the peak was related to colloidal iron. Acidified or heated samples showed stable peaks. The method is insensitive to the turbulence of the solution during the scan. The reproducibility (±40 pM) and detection limits (120 pM) of the method were calculated using 60s deposition time and oceanic waters (600pM). The detection limit can be lowered to 70 pM using 3 min accumulation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140081116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of the slopes of standard addition plots in the analysis of copper in seawater by anodic stripping voltammetry (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 8 (1996), S. 534-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Copper ; Speciation ; Stripping voltammetry ; Seawater ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copper in seawater was analyzed with a ‘hybrid’ mercury film-glassy carbon electrode using linear sweep, square wave and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The analyses were made in HCl (pH 2) and ethylenediamine (EN)-spiked seawater (9 〈 pH 〈 10), with and without purging the sample of dissolved oxygen. The relative slopes of the standard addition plots were used to determine the effect of mode and media alteration on the results. Square-wave voltammetry in EN-altered seawater, without oxygen purging, was found to be not only the most practical technique, but also highly sensitive. The ‘chemistry’ of the oxidation reaction during the stripping step was found to affect the experimental results markedly. For this reason, the peak current is an experimentally dependent measure of the ion flux, both, into and out of the electrode.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140080607
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of new polyamides and polyimides derived from (E)-9-[β-(2,4-diaminophenyl)vinyl]anthracene (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 197 (1996), S. 3667-3674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new anthracene-containing diamine, (E)-9-[β-(2,4-diaminophenyl)vinyl]anthracene, was prepared and used for the synthesis of a series of polyamides and polyimides by low temperature solution polycondensation. The polymers were highly amorphous, soluble in aprotic solvents and gave films with good optical quality on spin-casting. The polymers showed 10% weight loss at a temperature of 415-460°C under nitrogen. The polymers exhibited an intense luminescence in the region of 450-500 nm due the emission from the excited state of the diamine moiety. It was shown that charge-transfer (CT) interactions in polyimides were negligibly small in both the ground and the excited state, probably due to the bulky diamine fragment together with the rigid polymer backbone.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1996.021971114
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the synthesis of functionalized cyclic and polymeric aryloxyphosphazenes from phenols (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 2307-2307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1996.070601230
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the nitrosation of N-silylated cyclopentenylamines (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 9 (1996), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The diazotization of N-silylated N-methyl- and N-phenylcyclopentenylamines affords products derived from intermediate methyl- and phenyldiazonium ions. However, when this method is applied to N,N-bissilylated cyclopentenylamines, the products obtained do not confirm the formation of a cyclopentenyl cation intermediate.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of intrinsic reaction constants of resonance, field/inductive and polarizability effects through molecular structures subject to protonation (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 9 (1996), S. 87-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This paper reports a theoretical approach based on ab initio calculations for the evaluation of intrinsic reaction constants of resonance, field/inductive and polarizability effects of compounds subject to protonation. Field/inductive and polarizability constants can be evaluated from direct relationships between δΔEp and intrinsic contributions of the substituent. On the other hand, resonance constants should be estimated from relationships between the proton charge in the protonated molecular form and the intrinsic contributions of the substituent. It is also shown that during a protonation process the change in π charge of the carbon atom that is to bear the substituent should be the most suitable index for determining the π-electron demand of the structure concerned.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric relaxation in chlorinated polyethylene-polypropylene copolymersThe authors wish to dedicate this paper to Professor Günter Klar on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 41 (1996), S. 337-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: chlorinated polyethylene-polypropylene copolymers ; dynamic dielectric properties ; Fuoss-Kirkwood and Havriliak-Negami empirical equations ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric relaxation measurements were carried out on eight chlorinated polyethylene-polypropylene (PEPP) copolymers in the range of temperatures covering the main dielectric absorption. Chlorination of PEPP is expected to change the dynamic dielectric properties gradually with increasing amount of chlorine in the polymer chains. Thus, in the present study, increasing degrees of chlorination give a clear shift of the glass transition temperature towards higher values, except in the range between 40 and 51% chlorine, where an anomalous behaviour was observed. The same tendency is also observed in the relaxation strength (Δ∊). The value of Δ∊ has been estimated by using a nonlinear squares regression program (LEVM6) to calculate the parameters of the Havriliak-Negami empirical equation. It appears reasonable to assume that the anomalous behaviour observed can be attributed to a compensation of the dipolar moments of chlorine groups in the macromolecules.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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