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    Real-time information systems for seismic hazards mitigation - UrEDAS, HERAS and PIC (1996)
    Japan Rail (JR) Railway Technical Res. Inst. (RTRI)
    In:  Quarterly Rep. of RTRI, Colorado Springs, Japan Rail (JR) Railway Technical Res. Inst. (RTRI), vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 112-127, pp. L09308, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996
    Schlagwort(e): Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Real time earthquake monitoring ; Seismology ; Earthquake hazard
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Important factors included in nondestructive readout of GMR MRAM (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6642-6642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We proposed a new type of magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) using a weakly coupled GMR effect. It operates on the general principle of storing a binary digit in hard component and sensing its remanent state by switching the soft component in such a way that the magnetic state of the hard component is unaltered. It is believed that this structure could have nondestructive readout (NDRO) characteristics. However, in experiments we found that NDRO was not always achieved; i.e., NDRO was dependent on the polarity of the excitation field. We take an example for mode "0'' (corresponding to a + remanent state). Although tests involving 3×108 plus excitation pulses indicated that the element was still stable, stability against minus disturb pulses could not be expected. The remanent state of 0 was degrading gradually and was finally destroyed after nenormous numbers of readout switching. An analytical model, in which the hard component follows the Rayleigh law, can explain the above phenomenon. It is because the irreversible magnetization processes cause disturbed states (0′ or 1′). Obviously the worst case for mode 0 is being excited by continous minus pulses whereas the worst case for mode 1 is being excited by continous plus pulses. We think that two methods will be effective to eliminate the unstability. One is to obtain a rectangular hysteresis loop for the hard component. The other is to imporve the excitation method, for example, to employ bipolar pulses for excitation signals. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362444
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Open tube zinc diffusion into GaAs0.8P0.2 using AlN and SiNx cap films (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2995-3002 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The open-tube diffusion of zinc in GaAs0.8P0.2 from a zinc-doped silica film was investigated in detail. Aluminum nitride (AlN) and silicon nitride (SiNx) films were used as the anneal caps. The dependence of diffusion depth on the thickness of an AlN-cap was found to differ from its dependence on SiNx-cap thickness. The selective masked diffusion of zinc using an AlN diffusion-mask was also systematically studied. The diffusion depth in selective masked diffusion was found to depend on both AlN-cap thickness and AlN-diffusion-mask thickness. The experimental results suggest that diffusion depth is not necessarily governed by either cap thickness or diffusion-mask thickness. From this standpoint, the role of film stress on diffusion depth was then quantitatively investigated. It was found that diffusion depth can be scaled well with total film stress in the measured film-thickness range. In this sense, it can be concluded that total film stress is the primary factor that determines the diffusion depth under the measured diffusion conditions. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362652
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Al/Al2O3/Al single electron transistors operable up to 30 K utilizing anodization controlled miniaturization enhancement (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 275-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have developed a method, anodization controlled miniaturization enhancement (ACME), to make ultrasmall tunnel junctions. Anodization of electron-beam fabricated Al/Al2O3/Al tunnel junctions reduces their effective areas and capacitances, which realizes single electron transistors operating at high temperatures up to nearly 30 K. The limit of the increase in the charging energy is attributed to the initial scattering in the junction sizes. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115661
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Large conductance anisotropy in a novel two-dimensional electron system grown on vicinal (111)B GaAs with multiatomic steps (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 4093-4095 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A novel selectively doped AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction was successfully formed on a vicinal (111)B substrate, in which both quasiperiodic and aperiodic multiatomic steps with the average spacings of ∼20 nm are introduced. It is found that the electrical conductance G⊥ of two-dimensional electrons across the steps is far lower than that of G(parallel) along the steps and the ratio G(parallel)/G⊥ exceeds 100 at 18 K. While G(parallel) is almost independent of temperature T below ∼70 K, G⊥ increases exponentially with 1/T with the activation energy of ∼5 meV, indicating the presence of potential barriers for the electron motion across the aperiodic steps. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117829
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spinodal decomposition of Fe−Cr−Ni alloys studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy (1996)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 18 (1996), S. 259-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Schlagwort(e): Mössbauer effect, other γ-ray spectroscopy ; Spin arrangements in magnetically ordered materials (including neutron and spin-polarized electron studies, synchrotron-source X-ray scattering, etc.) ; X-ray Mössbuer and other γ-ray spectroscopic analysis methods ; Conference proceedings
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Summary A thermodynamic calculation of the Fe−Cr−Ni phase diagram suggests that the composition 30 at.%Cr-5 at.%Ni is expected to be found inside the spinodal line, whereas 16 at.%Cr-5 at.%Ni is expected outside at 723 K. These two alloys have been thermally aged for time periods up to 40 minutes at 723K. A significant broadening of the magnetic-hyperfine-field distribution indicates that Fe-30 at.%Cr-5 at.%Ni undergoes typical spinodal decomposition in agreement with the calculation. Spinodal decomposition is distinguished from nucleation-growth by a detailed analysis of the magnetic-hyperfine-field distribution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458901
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strength distribution of titania ceramics after high-voltage screening (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 31 (1996), S. 3419-3425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Screening fields, at or below which 10%, 30% and 50% of TiO2 ceramic samples would break electrically, were applied to samples which show single-mode strength distribution. After these high-voltage screenings, the surviving samples were subjected to mechanical strength measurement and the resultant strength distributions were compared with the original distributions. This high-voltage screening was also applied to model ceramics samples composed of titania with two different relative densities. The effect of high-voltage screening and the correlation between mechanical and dielectric strengths are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00360743
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evolutionary molecular engineering in Japan (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular diversity 1 (1996), S. 135-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-501X
    Schlagwort(e): Biotechnology ; Molecular Evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01721329
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization of nusA-suppressing amino acid substitutions in the conserved regions of the β′ subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 251 (1996), S. 699-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Key words RNA polymerase ; β′ subunit ; NusA ; Transcription termination ; Rho factor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is composed of four different subunits, α (present in two copies), β, β′ and σ. Among these, the β′ polypeptide shares nine conserved regions with the largest subunits of eukaryotic RNA polymerases, but its role is poorly understood. We isolated novel mutations in a plasmid-borne copy of rpoC, which encodes β′, as dominant suppressors of two temperature-sensitive nusA alleles. All 20 suppressors of nusA11 (single missense mutation) isolated had either of two specific substitutions: Lys for Glu-402 (rpoC10) and Thr for Ala-904 (rpoC111) in the β′ subunit. In vivo and in vitro transcription assays revealed that the rpoC10 allele of β′ participates in Rho-dependent transcription termination. On the other hand, of 20 suppressors of nusA134 (deletion of C-terminal one-third) scattered at 18 distinct sites, 16 were assigned to one of six conserved regions C-I. These results suggested that the conserved domains of the β′ subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase are involved in transcript termination or interaction with termination factor(s).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02174119
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization ofnusA-suppressing amino acid substitutions in the conserved regions of theβ′ subunit ofEscherichia coli RNA polymerase (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 251 (1996), S. 699-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): RNA polymerase ; β′ subunit ; NusA ; Transcription termination ; Rho factor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is composed of four different subunits,α (present in two copies),β, β′ andσ. Among these, theβ′ polypeptide shares nine conserved regions with the largest subunits of eukaryotic RNA polymerases, but its role is poorly understood. We isolated novel mutations in a plasmidborne copy ofrpoC, which encodesβ′, as dominant suppressors of two temperature-sensitivenusA alleles. All 20 suppressors ofnusA11 (single missense mutation) isolated had either of two specific substitutions: Lys for Glu-402 (rpoC10) and Thr for Ala-904 (rpoC111) in theβ′ subunit. In vivo and in vitro transcription assays revealed that therpoC10 allele ofβ′ participates in Rho-dependent transcription termination. On the other hand, of 20 suppressors ofnusA134 (deletion of C-terminal one-third) scattered at 18 distinct sites, 16 were assigned to one of six conserved regions C-I. These results suggested that the conserved domains of theβ′ subunit ofE. coli RNA polymerase are involved in transcript termination or interaction with termination factor(s).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02174119
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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