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  • Articles  (315)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (315)
  • 2020-2023
  • 2020-2020
  • 1995-1999  (315)
  • 1996  (315)
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  • Articles  (315)
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  • 2020-2023
  • 2020-2020
  • 1995-1999  (315)
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  • 1
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    Antiviral effect and ex vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation in HIV-positive patients as a result of CD28 costimulation (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-28
    Description: Because stimulation of CD4+ lymphocytes leads to activation of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) replication, viral spread, and cell death, adoptive CD4+ T cell therapy has not been possible. When antigen and CD28 receptors on cultured T cells were stimulated by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to CD3 and CD28 that had been immobilized, there was an increase in the number of polyclonal CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected donors. Activated cells predominantly secreted cytokines associated with T helper cell type 1 function. The HIV-1 viral load declined in the absence of antiretroviral agents. Moreover, CD28 stimulation of CD4+ T cells from uninfected donors rendered these cells highly resistant to HIV-1 infection. Immobilization of CD28 mAb was crucial to the development of HIV resistance, as cells stimulated with soluble CD28 mAb were highly susceptible to HIV infection. The CD28-mediated antiviral effect occurred early in the viral life cycle, before HIV-1 DNA integration. These data may facilitate immune reconstitution and gene therapy approaches in persons with HIV infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, B L -- Mosca, J D -- Riley, J L -- Carroll, R G -- Vahey, M T -- Jagodzinski, L L -- Wagner, K F -- Mayers, D L -- Burke, D S -- Weislow, O S -- St Louis, D C -- June, C H -- AI29331/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 28;272(5270):1939-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8658167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, CD28/*immunology ; Antigens, CD3/immunology ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/*virology ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; HIV Infections/immunology/*virology ; HIV-1/immunology/*physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology ; Virus Integration ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    A gene map of the human genome (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-25
    Description: The human genome is thought to harbor 50,000 to 100,000 genes, of which about half have been sampled to date in the form of expressed sequence tags. An international consortium was organized to develop and map gene-based sequence tagged site markers on a set of two radiation hybrid panels and a yeast artificial chromosome library. More than 16,000 human genes have been mapped relative to a framework map that contains about 1000 polymorphic genetic markers. The gene map unifies the existing genetic and physical maps with the nucleotide and protein sequence databases in a fashion that should speed the discovery of genes underlying inherited human disease. The integrated resource is available through a site on the World Wide Web at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuler, G D -- Boguski, M S -- Stewart, E A -- Stein, L D -- Gyapay, G -- Rice, K -- White, R E -- Rodriguez-Tome, P -- Aggarwal, A -- Bajorek, E -- Bentolila, S -- Birren, B B -- Butler, A -- Castle, A B -- Chiannilkulchai, N -- Chu, A -- Clee, C -- Cowles, S -- Day, P J -- Dibling, T -- Drouot, N -- Dunham, I -- Duprat, S -- East, C -- Edwards, C -- Fan, J B -- Fang, N -- Fizames, C -- Garrett, C -- Green, L -- Hadley, D -- Harris, M -- Harrison, P -- Brady, S -- Hicks, A -- Holloway, E -- Hui, L -- Hussain, S -- Louis-Dit-Sully, C -- Ma, J -- MacGilvery, A -- Mader, C -- Maratukulam, A -- Matise, T C -- McKusick, K B -- Morissette, J -- Mungall, A -- Muselet, D -- Nusbaum, H C -- Page, D C -- Peck, A -- Perkins, S -- Piercy, M -- Qin, F -- Quackenbush, J -- Ranby, S -- Reif, T -- Rozen, S -- Sanders, C -- She, X -- Silva, J -- Slonim, D K -- Soderlund, C -- Sun, W L -- Tabar, P -- Thangarajah, T -- Vega-Czarny, N -- Vollrath, D -- Voyticky, S -- Wilmer, T -- Wu, X -- Adams, M D -- Auffray, C -- Walter, N A -- Brandon, R -- Dehejia, A -- Goodfellow, P N -- Houlgatte, R -- Hudson, J R Jr -- Ide, S E -- Iorio, K R -- Lee, W Y -- Seki, N -- Nagase, T -- Ishikawa, K -- Nomura, N -- Phillips, C -- Polymeropoulos, M H -- Sandusky, M -- Schmitt, K -- Berry, R -- Swanson, K -- Torres, R -- Venter, J C -- Sikela, J M -- Beckmann, J S -- Weissenbach, J -- Myers, R M -- Cox, D R -- James, M R -- Bentley, D -- Deloukas, P -- Lander, E S -- Hudson, T J -- HG00098/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG00206/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG00835/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 25;274(5287):540-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8849440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; Computer Communication Networks ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Databases, Factual ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome, Human ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Multigene Family ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Tagged Sites
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Friedreich's ataxia: autosomal recessive disease caused by an intronic GAA triplet repeat expansion (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-08
    Description: Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive, degenerative disease that involves the central and peripheral nervous systems and the heart. A gene, X25, was identified in the critical region for the FRDA locus on chromosome 9q13. This gene encodes a 210-amino acid protein, frataxin, that has homologs in distant species such as Caenorhabditis elegans and yeast. A few FRDA patients were found to have point mutations in X25, but the majority were homozygous for an unstable GAA trinucleotide expansion in the first X25 intron.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campuzano, V -- Montermini, L -- Molto, M D -- Pianese, L -- Cossee, M -- Cavalcanti, F -- Monros, E -- Rodius, F -- Duclos, F -- Monticelli, A -- Zara, F -- Canizares, J -- Koutnikova, H -- Bidichandani, S I -- Gellera, C -- Brice, A -- Trouillas, P -- De Michele, G -- Filla, A -- De Frutos, R -- Palau, F -- Patel, P I -- Di Donato, S -- Mandel, J L -- Cocozza, S -- Koenig, M -- Pandolfo, M -- 722/Telethon/Italy -- NS34192/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 8;271(5254):1423-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department de Genetica, University of Valencia, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8596916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/*genetics ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Friedreich Ataxia/*genetics ; Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; *Introns ; *Iron-Binding Proteins ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; *Trinucleotide Repeats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Central hypotensive effects of the alpha2a-adrenergic receptor subtype (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-09
    Description: alpha2-Adrenergic receptors (alpha2ARs) present in the brainstem decrease blood pressure and are targets for clinically effective antihypertensive drugs. The existence of three alpha2AR subtypes, the lack of subtype-specific ligands, and the cross-reactivity of alpha2AR agonists with imidazoline receptors has precluded an understanding of the role of individual alpha2AR subtypes in the hypotensive response. Gene targeting was used to introduce a point mutation into the alpha2aAR subtype in the mouse genome. The hypotensive response to alpha2AR agonists was lost in the mutant mice, demonstrating that the alpha2aAR subtype plays a principal role in this response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacMillan, L B -- Hein, L -- Smith, M S -- Piascik, M T -- Limbird, L E -- HL38120/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL43671/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL48638/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 9;273(5276):801-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8670421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists ; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Blood Pressure/drug effects/*physiology ; Brain Stem/physiology ; Brimonidine Tartrate ; Gene Targeting ; Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Medetomidine ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Point Mutation ; Quinoxalines/pharmacology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics/metabolism/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Pre-Main-Sequence Star Candidates in the Bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-17
    Description: Candidate pre-main-sequence stars were observed in the bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud during the search for dark matter in the galactic halo. Seven blue stars of apparent visual magnitude 15 to 17 had irregular photometric variations and hydrogen emission lines in their optical spectra, which suggested that these stars are pre-main-sequence stars of about 10 solar masses. These stars are slightly more massive and definitely more luminous than are Herbig AeBe pre-main-sequence stars in our own galaxy. Continued observations of these very young stars from another galaxy, which are probably at the pre-hydrogen-burning stage, should provide important clues about early stages of star formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaulieu -- Lamers -- Grison -- Julien -- Lanciaux -- Ferlet -- Vidal-Madjar -- Bertin -- Maurice -- Prevot -- Gry -- Guibert -- Moreau -- Tajhmady -- Aubourg -- Bareyre -- de Kat J -- Gros -- Laurent -- Lachieze-Rey -- Lesquoy -- Magneville -- Milsztajn -- Moscoso -- Queinnec -- Renault -- Rich -- Spiro -- Vigroux -- Zylberajch -- Ansari -- Cavalier -- Moniez -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 17;272(5264):995-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The EROS (Experience de Recherche d'Objets Sombres) collaboration: J. P. Beaulieu, P. Grison, R. Julien, C. Lanciaux, R. Ferlet, A. Vidal-Madjar, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard, Arago, 75014 Paris, France. H. J. G. L. M. Lamers, Astronomical Institute, Princetonplein 5, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands, and SRON Laboratory for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. E. Bertin, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard, Arago, 75014 Paris, France, and ESO La Silla, casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile. E. Maurice and L. Prevot, Observatoire de Marseille, 2 place Le Verrier, 13248 Marseille 04, France. C. Gry, Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale CNRS, Traversee du siphon, les trois lucs, 13120 Marseille, France. J. Guibert, O. Moreau, F. Tajhmady, Centre d'Analyse des Images de l'Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, CNRS Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France. E. Aubourg, P. Bareyre, J. de Kat, M. Gros, B. Laurent, M. Lachieze-Rey, E. Lesquoy, C. Magneville, A. Milsztajn, L. Moscoso, F. Queinnec, C. Renault, J. Rich, M. Spiro, L. Vigroux, S. Zylberajch, CEA, DSM/DAPNIA, Centre d'etudes de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. R. Ansari, F. Cavalier, M. Moniez, Laboratoire de l'Accelerateur Lineaire IN2P3, Centre d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth hormone release (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-16
    Description: Small synthetic molecules termed growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) act on the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus to stimulate and amplify pulsatile growth hormone (GH) release. A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPC-R) of the pituitary and arcuate ventro-medial and infundibular hypothalamus of swine and humans was cloned and was shown to be the target of the GHSs. On the basis of its pharmacological and molecular characterization, this GPC-R defines a neuroendocrine pathway for the control of pulsatile GH release and supports the notion that the GHSs mimic an undiscovered hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howard, A D -- Feighner, S D -- Cully, D F -- Arena, J P -- Liberator, P A -- Rosenblum, C I -- Hamelin, M -- Hreniuk, D L -- Palyha, O C -- Anderson, J -- Paress, P S -- Diaz, C -- Chou, M -- Liu, K K -- McKee, K K -- Pong, S S -- Chaung, L Y -- Elbrecht, A -- Dashkevicz, M -- Heavens, R -- Rigby, M -- Sirinathsinghji, D J -- Dean, D C -- Melillo, D G -- Patchett, A A -- Nargund, R -- Griffin, P R -- DeMartino, J A -- Gupta, S K -- Schaeffer, J M -- Smith, R G -- Van der Ploeg, L H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 16;273(5277):974-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Codon ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Growth Hormone/*secretion ; Hormones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypothalamus, Middle/chemistry ; Indoles/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/chemistry ; RNA, Complementary/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Ghrelin ; Spiro Compounds/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Amelioration of vascular dysfunctions in diabetic rats by an oral PKC beta inhibitor (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-03
    Description: The vascular complications of diabetes mellitus have been correlated with enhanced activation of protein kinase C (PKC). LY333531, a specific inhibitor of the beta isoform of PKC, was synthesized and was shown to be a competitive reversible inhibitor of PKC beta 1 and beta 2, with a half-maximal inhibitory constant of approximately 5 nM; this value was one-fiftieth of that for other PKC isoenzymes and one-thousandth of that for non-PKC kinases. When administered orally, LY333531 ameliorated the glomerular filtration rate, albumin excretion rate, and retinal circulation in diabetic rats in a dose-responsive manner, in parallel with its inhibition of PKC activities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ishii, H -- Jirousek, M R -- Koya, D -- Takagi, C -- Xia, P -- Clermont, A -- Bursell, S E -- Kern, T S -- Ballas, L M -- Heath, W F -- Stramm, L E -- Feener, E P -- King, G L -- DK36836/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- EY05110-11/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 3;272(5262):728-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Albuminuria/prevention & control ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*complications/enzymology/physiopathology ; Diabetic Angiopathies/enzymology/etiology/*prevention & control ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects ; Humans ; Indoles/administration & dosage/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Isoenzymes/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism ; Male ; Maleimides/administration & dosage/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Protein Kinase C/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein Kinase C beta ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regional Blood Flow/drug effects ; Renal Plasma Flow/drug effects ; Retina/metabolism ; Retinal Vessels/physiopathology ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Mutations in the gene encoding cystatin B in progressive myoclonus epilepsy (EPM1) (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-22
    Description: Progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Unverricht-Lundborg type (EPM1) is an autosomal recessive inherited form of epilepsy, previously linked to human chromosome 21q22.3. The gene encoding cystatin B was shown to be localized to this region, and levels of messenger RNA encoded by this gene were found to be decreased in cells from affected individuals. Two mutations, a 3' splice site mutation and a stop codon mutation, were identified in the gene encoding cystatin B in EPM1 patients but were not present in unaffected individuals. These results provide evidence that mutations in the gene encoding cystatin B are responsible for the primary defect in patients with EPM1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennacchio, L A -- Lehesjoki, A E -- Stone, N E -- Willour, V L -- Virtaneva, K -- Miao, J -- D'Amato, E -- Ramirez, L -- Faham, M -- Koskiniemi, M -- Warrington, J A -- Norio, R -- de la Chapelle, A -- Cox, D R -- Myers, R M -- HD-24610/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- IF32GM17502/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG-00206/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 22;271(5256):1731-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Standford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8596935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; Codon, Terminator/genetics ; Cystatin B ; Cystatins/chemistry/*genetics ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/chemistry/*genetics ; Epilepsies, Myoclonic/*genetics ; Female ; Finland ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Recessive ; Humans ; Introns/genetics ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Complete genome sequence of the methanogenic archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-23
    Description: The complete 1.66-megabase pair genome sequence of an autotrophic archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii, and its 58- and 16-kilobase pair extrachromosomal elements have been determined by whole-genome random sequencing. A total of 1738 predicted protein-coding genes were identified; however, only a minority of these (38 percent) could be assigned a putative cellular role with high confidence. Although the majority of genes related to energy production, cell division, and metabolism in M. jannaschii are most similar to those found in Bacteria, most of the genes involved in transcription, translation, and replication in M. jannaschii are more similar to those found in Eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bult, C J -- White, O -- Olsen, G J -- Zhou, L -- Fleischmann, R D -- Sutton, G G -- Blake, J A -- FitzGerald, L M -- Clayton, R A -- Gocayne, J D -- Kerlavage, A R -- Dougherty, B A -- Tomb, J F -- Adams, M D -- Reich, C I -- Overbeek, R -- Kirkness, E F -- Weinstock, K G -- Merrick, J M -- Glodek, A -- Scott, J L -- Geoghagen, N S -- Venter, J C -- GM00783/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 23;273(5278):1058-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Microbiology Department, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Biological Transport/genetics ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; Databases, Factual ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Hydrogen/metabolism ; Methane/metabolism ; Methanococcus/*genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Antibacterial agents that inhibit lipid A biosynthesis (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-08
    Description: Lipid A constitutes the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is essential for bacterial growth. Synthetic antibacterials were identified that inhibit the second enzyme (a unique deacetylase) of lipid A biosynthesis. The inhibitors are chiral hydroxamic acids bearing certain hydrophobic aromatic moieties. They may bind to a metal in the active site of the deacetylase. The most potent analog (with an inhibition constant of about 50 nM) displayed a minimal inhibitory concentration of about 1 microgram per milliliter against Escherichia coli, caused three logs of bacterial killing in 4 hours, and cured mice infected with a lethal intraperitoneal dose of E. coli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Onishi, H R -- Pelak, B A -- Gerckens, L S -- Silver, L L -- Kahan, F M -- Chen, M H -- Patchett, A A -- Galloway, S M -- Hyland, S A -- Anderson, M S -- Raetz, C R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 8;274(5289):980-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8875939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amidohydrolases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/*drug effects ; Hydroxamic Acids/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Lipid A/*biosynthesis ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Oxazoles/chemistry/pharmacology ; Pseudomonas/drug effects ; Serratia/drug effects ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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