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  • 2015-2019  (64)
  • 1995-1999  (130)
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  • 1999  (65)
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  • 2015-2019  (64)
  • 1995-1999  (130)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charred organic carbon in German chernozemic soils (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Burning vegetation produces partly charred plant material which subsequently could contribute to the highly refractory proportion of soil organic matter. The presence of charred organic carbon (COC) was investigated in 17 horizons originating from nine soils from Germany and the Netherlands using a suite of complementary methods (high-energy ultraviolet photo-oxidation, scanning electron microscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, lignin analysis by CuO oxidation). Charred organic carbon could not be detected in the A horizons of an Alisol and a Gleysol, but it contributed up to 45% of the organic carbon and up to about 8 g kg–1 of the soil in a range of grey to black soils (Cambisol, Luvisol, Phaeozem, Chernozem and Greyzem). All these soils have chernozemic soil properties (dark colour, A–C profile, high base saturation, bioturbation). A 10-km colour sequence of four chernozemic soils, which were very similar in chemical and physical properties, showed a strong relation between colour and the content of COC. This suggests that the COC affects mainly soil colour in the sequence studied. Finely divided COC seems to be a major constituent of many chernozemic soils in Germany. These results suggest that besides climate, vegetation and bioturbation, fire has played an important role in the pedogenesis of chernozemic soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00236.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle size fractionation of soil containing coal and combusted particles (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Standard procedure for dispersing natural soils for particle size fractionation can be too aggressive for soil containing coal and other organic particles from coal industries. We have investigated ultrasonic dispersion for the latter in four soils differing in pedogenesis (Phaeozem, Podzol, reclaimed mine soils), carbon content (27.5–138.6 g kg–1), clay content (80–153 g kg–1) and sources of particles (airborne coal dust, combustion residues, lignite particles). As we found previously for natural soils, the ultrasonic energy needed for complete dispersion varies between 450 and 500 J ml–1, but the resulting particle size distributions differ from those obtained by standard textural analysis. This is probably related to the different properties of native soil organic matter and coal and combusted particles. Coal and soot particles may partly resist oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, depending on material and particle size. The diameter of lignite particles, remaining after oxidation, is overestimated in sedimentation analysis by a factor of 1.66. Sand-sized lignite particles can be disrupted by ultrasonication and redistributed to finer particle size fractions. The ultrasonic dispersion and particle size fractionation procedure can be applied to soils containing coal and combusted particles, but caution is needed in interpreting the results if they contain large proportions of coal particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00254.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of an ultrasonic dispersion procedure to isolate primary organomineral complexes from soils (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Soil organic matter can be intimately associated with mineral particles of various sizes. For structural studies, soil organic matter can be isolated in particle size fractions after complete dispersion of the aggregates by ultrasonication. The ultrasonic dispersion energy necessary for complete dispersion was investigated in three A and two B horizons originating from four soils differing in pedogenesis (Gleysol, Phaeozem, Podzol, Alisol), organic C (4.2–34.5 g kg–1) and clay content (24–294 g kg–1). Calorimetric calibration of five probe-type ultrasonifiers revealed that the actual energy output from an instrument can depart widely from its nominal output, and that this discrepancy varies from instrument to instrument. Calorimetric calibration is therefore essential for consistency and comparisons between laboratories. Between 450 and 500 J ml–1 of ultrasonic dispersion energy was enough to disperse completely all samples investigated. The particle size distributions obtained were close to those from standard analysis, except for smaller yields (–20 to –80 g kg–1) of sand size fractions, which suggests that dispersion by ultrasound is more effective. Based on total C, C:N ratio and distribution of dissolved C, no detachment of soil organic matter from primary organomineral complexes and no redistribution between particle size fractions could be detected in the range 30–590 J ml–1 of dispersion energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00211.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical tuning of the lifetime of the CO stretching vibration for CO/Pt(111) (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 2438-2445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have used the large electric fields at the interface of a Pt(111) electrode and an acetonitrile electrolyte solution to tune the interaction between adsorbed CO and the Pt(111) surface. The electrode potential is varied over a 2.5 Volt range. As the electrode potential is made more positive, the CO vibrational frequency increases and the vibrational lifetime decreases. Over the potential range investigated, the tuning is about 35–40 cm−1 and the lifetime varies from ≈2.1 to ≈1.5 ps. Ab initio calculations performed for CO/Cu(100) predicted the opposite trend for the lifetimes for that system [M. Head-Gordon and J. C. Jully, Chem. Phys. 175, 37 (1993)]. Within an empirical model of nonadiabatic charge transfer [B. N. J. Persson and M. Persson, Solid State Commun. 36, 175 (1980)], our observations can be explained by a decreasing 2π-derived density of states of the Pt/CO complex at the Fermi level. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470938
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insertion of EspD into epithelial target cell membranes by infecting enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 31 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (DAEC) strains have been implicated in epidemiological studies as a cause of diarrhoea in children. However, the molecular interactions of these pathogens with target cells have remained largely obscure. We found that some DAEC strains contain homologues of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island and secrete EspA, EspB and EspD proteins necessary for the formation of the attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions. To characterize the function of the EspD protein further, we cloned and sequenced the espD genes of two DA-EPEC strains and compared their deduced amino-acid sequences with known EspD sequences. A pattern of two conserved transmembrane regions and one conserved coiled-coil region is predicted in EspD and also in the type III system secreted proteins YopB, PopB, IpaB and SipB of Yersinia, Pseudomonas, Shigella and Salmonella respectively. The EspD protein is inserted into a trypsin-sensitive location in the HeLa cell membrane at sites of bacterial contact, but is not translocated into the cytoplasm. Secretion of EspD increases upon contact with host cells. We propose that the membrane-located EspD protein is part of the translocation apparatus for Esp proteins into the target host cell performing functions similar to YopB in Yersinia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01303.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing of the AIDA-I precursor: removal of AIDAC and evidence for the outer membrane anchoring as a β-barrel structure (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 22 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The AIDA-I adhesin known to be responsible for the diffuse adherence (DA) phenotype of the diarrhoea-genie Escherichia coli (DAEC) strain 2787 has been shown previously to be synthesized as a precursor protein and to undergo additional C-terminal processing. Here, the C-terminal processing of the AIDA-I precursor and the outer membrane topology of the cleaved C-terminal fragment, AIDAC, were investigated. By isolation of the cleaved AIDAC fragment and N-terminal sequencing, the C-terminal cleavage site was identified between Ser-846 and Ala-847 thereby indicating a molecular mass of 47.5 kDa for AIDAC. The correct processing to AIDA-I and AIDAC in OmpT, OmpP and DegP protease-deficient E. coli strains as well as in avirulent salmonellae and shigellae points to an autocatalytic cleavage mechanism. The cleaved AIDAC was localized in the outer membrane. A leader sequence-AIDAC fusion was efficiently routed to the outer membrane. Analysis by protease digestion, secondary-structure prediction and modelling, by comparison with structurally related bacterial proteins like the lgA1 protease from neisseria, the vacuolating toxin from Helicobacter pylori, and the VirG protein of Shigella flexneri, strongly indicates that AIDAC is present in the outer membrane as a β-barrel structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02653.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of Export Proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis That Interact with SecA (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 797 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb52964.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discovery of hardest known oxide (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 383 (1996), S. 401-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR á€" Microhardness measurements on synthesized samples of stishovite, a high-pressure phase of silica, show that it is the hardest oxide yet discovered. Among polycrystalline materials, its hardness (33 gigapascals, GPa) rivals those of the hardest materials. Despite many ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/383401a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RecA-dependent viral burst in bacterial colonies during the entry into stationary phase (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 170 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have explored the nature of the sudden viral amplification observed during the ageing of P22-infected lysogenic colonies of Salmonella typhimurium [Ramı́rez, E, and Villaverde, A. (1997) Gene 202, 147–149]. By a comparative analysis of the wild-type P22 and a P22 integration mutant, it has been shown that the conditions promoting prophage induction occur in only a small portion of the bacterial population and briefly during the transition between the exponential growth and the stationary phase. The viral burst is RecA-dependent and cannot be reproduced in continuous culture by a mere decrease of the growth rate. This suggests that the limited viral propagation in colonies is probably linked to heterogeneous physiological conditions within colonial populations, distinct from those of the homogeneous liquid cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13389.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Investigation of Milled α-Fe and Barium Ferrite Nano-Mixtures (1999)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 312-314 (July 1999), p. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.312-314.197.pdf
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