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Digitale Medien

A normal force distance regulation scheme for near-field optical microscopy (1996)

Stephenson, R. J. ; Welland, M. E.

Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1607-1609

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ISSN: 1077-3118

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik

Notizen: A near-field optical microscope (NFOM) has been developed that combines the features of a near-field optical microscope and an atomic force microscope. Improved control over tip-sample separation has led to improved optical imaging and independent surface topography information. The tip oscillation is normal to the sample plane thereby reducing lateral forces—important for nonperturbative imaging of soft samples. Both topographic images and reflection near-field optical images are presented which demonstrate the capability of the system. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115666

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2

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Fragment rotational distributions from the dissociation of NeBr2: Experimental and classical trajectory studies (1997)

Nejad-Sattari, Mehdi ; Stephenson, Thomas A.

College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 5454-5467

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ISSN: 1089-7690

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: The Br2 fragment rotational distributions that result from the vibrational predissociation of NeBr2 in the B electronic state have been measured for several initial vibrational levels. In each case, the rotational distributions extend to the effective energetic limit determined by the amount of energy available (Eavl) for disposal into the fragment rotational and translational degrees of freedom. Analysis of the data allows refinement of the NeBr2 dissociation energy; we find that D0=70.0±1.1 cm−1 for the X electronic state, v=0. Both Δv=−1 and −2 dissociation events have been examined. For dissociation pathways with approximately the same value of Eavl the Δv=−2 pathways are observed to have a higher fraction of the fragment energy in rotational excitation. The overall shape of the Δv=−1 distributions are insensitive to the value of Eavl, suggesting that a Franck–Condon model for the dissociation may have some validity, though quantitative quantum mechanical calculations demonstrate that this model does not reproduce the large degree of fragment rotational excitation. Two classical models for the dissociation also fail to reproduce the extent of fragment rotational distribution. This result is discussed in light of previous experimental and theoretical investigations, focusing on the apparent agreement of classical models with the IBr fragment rotational distributions that result from the dissociation of NeIBr. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473570

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3

Digitale Medien

A near-field optical microscope with normal force distance regulation (1996)

Stephenson, R. J. ; O'Shea, S. J. ; Barnes, J. R. ; [weitere]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3891-3897

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ISSN: 1089-7623

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

Notizen: Near-field imaging is a means of exceeding the diffraction limit in optical microscopy to yield subwavelength resolution optical images of a sample surface. In order to achieve such high resolution, it is necessary to scan the measurement probe above the surface at a height of only a few nanometers which requires careful control of the separation between tip and sample. In the implementation of the near-field optical microscope (NFOM) reported here, the distance regulation scheme is based on an inverted noncontact atomic force microscope (AFM) in which a cantilever is used as the sample substrate and imaging is performed with a fiber optic tip. In this way, both the benefits of AFM and NFOM are realized simultaneously. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147289

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4

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Quantum calculations on the vibrational predissociation of NeBr2: Evidence for continuum resonances (2000)

Stephenson, Thomas A.

College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 2265-2273

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ISSN: 1089-7690

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Quantum mechanical calculations on the vibrational predissociation dynamics of NeBr2 in the B electronic state have been performed and the results compared with both experimental data and other computational studies. For vibrational levels with v≤20 we find that the vibrational state dependence of the predissociation lifetimes is in qualitative agreement with experimental measurements, as are the calculated Br2 fragment rotational distributions. For higher vibrational levels, the B←X excitation profiles are well represented by a sum of two Lorentzian line shapes. We attribute this result to the presence of long-lived resonances in the dissociative continuum that are reminiscent of long-lived dissociative trajectories in previous classical studies of NeBr2. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480791

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5

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Morphology of porous media studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (1997)

Allen, S. G. ; Stephenson, P. C. L. ; Strange, J. H.

College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 7802-7809

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ISSN: 1089-7690

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: The filling processes of water and cyclohexane in porous silica (40 Å, 60 Å and 112 Å pore size samples) were studied using T2 nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) experiments. The silica pores contained water or cyclohexane and the experiments were performed at room temperature and at filling fractions ranging from 0.02 to 1.0 (that is, completely full). Two distinct processes were observed which depended on the hydrophilicity of the silica surface (or the surface adhesion of the liquid). Water was found to collect in small puddles in the silica interstices, and to form a surface layer over the silica before the remaining pore volume was filled. Water in a surface-treated porous silica and cyclohexane in regular porous silica appeared to completely fill the smaller before the larger pores, and not form a separate surface-coating layer. This work also presents the techniques used to calculate quantitative information about the filling process; specifically, determination of the volume to surface-area ratio of the liquid puddles as well as the number of these puddles, is demonstrated. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473780

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6

Digitale Medien

Managing workforce diversity: macro and micro level HR implications of network analysis (1996)

Stephenson, Karen ; Lewin, David

Bingley : Emerald

International journal of manpower 17 (1996), S. 168-196

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ISSN: 0143-7720

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften

Notizen: Public policy which controls and seeks to correct employment discrimination is now in its fourth decade in the USA. Organizations have made strides in complying with such policies through their hiring practices and in employee development and training programmes. While laws such as the Civil Rights Act and programmes such as EEO and AA have high aims and lofty claims, in practice they miss the mark in organizations. Research indicates that the nature of the work relationship is constrained by both network and hierarchical forms of organization. Suggests that policy is predicated only on the latter and that innovation may lie in the former. Finds that understanding and managing the networks in organizations may be used to augment existing programmes in achieving non-discriminatory or "fair" employment practices.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437729610127587

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7

Digitale Medien

The impact of tactical and strategic FM automation (2000)

Lunn, S.D. ; Stephenson, P.

Bingley : Emerald

Facilities 18 (2000), S. 312-323

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ISSN: 0263-2772

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung

Notizen: This paper promotes an overview of facilities management (FM) and the impact of information technology (IT). It opens with a definition of FM automation and a brief history of the generations of development. This is followed by key demand impacts which have both enabled and stimulated the growth of FM automation during the past and into the future. Specific attention is then given to the tactical and strategic impacts of the technology affecting the organisation within the emerging and complex business environment. Some examples are cited together with the effects of discontinuous change and the resistance to such change. Finally, a brief look at the impact of system selection is also included to assist FM organisations in their determination of automation needs within the paradigms of change, complexity and dependence.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02632770010340708

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8

Digitale Medien

Building-in reliability - implementation and benefits (1996)

Prendergast, James ; Murphy, Eammon ; Stephenson, Malcom

Bingley : Emerald

International journal of quality & reliability management 13 (1996), S. 77-90

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ISSN: 0265-671X

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften

Notizen: Argues that in the coming years the present methods of demonstrating reliability will no longer be feasible and alternative methods must be found. Deals with building-in reliability (BIR) and the necessity to change from the standard end-of-line-measurement technique of life test to a more proactive in-line approach, where reliability can be measured by process parameters and reaction time is immediate, resulting in a continuous flow of reliable product to the end user. This approach will not eliminate the use of end-of-line monitoring, but will reduce the amount which needs to be carried out. Suggests that it will only be done to demonstrate that processes are operating to certain maximum failure rates, where the online controls will in fact guarantee that the reliability is much greater than that being demonstrated. Examines the customers' attitude towards reliability, and points out that sharing of data will be essential if the BIR approach is to be successful. Outllines two examples which demonstrate the effectiveness of a BIR program and explains how, if implemented, it can be used to prevent the manufacture of potentially unreliable product.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656719610118115

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9

Digitale Medien

SURGE process - a time-to-market approach to reliability improvement (1997)

Donovan, John ; Murphy, Eamonn ; Stephenson, M.I.

Bingley : Emerald

International journal of quality & reliability management 14 (1997), S. 834-848

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ISSN: 0265-671X

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften

Notizen: States that the time taken to deliver a product to the market determines a company's success, and that research has shown that a delay of six months leads to 33 per cent of its potential profit being lost. Explores the existing method of assessing new product reliability, namely reliability demonstrating testing, and presents its numerous shortcomings and deficiencies. Analyses the results of performing reliability demonstration testing on eight products which support the viewpoint that it is no longer appropriate. Proposes a SURGE (stress unveiled reliability growth enhancement) process, leading to significant saving in development time and thereby time-to-market while providing a more reliable product and process. Places emphasis on the control of all of the development processes, design, manufacturing, and materials procurement and producing prototype units via the intended volume process. Performs monitoring by appropriate stress testing designed to precipitate all potential defects and involves testing beyond design specification. By correcting defects on the product, and ultimately on the processes which produced them, develops more reliable products. Concludes that the results of the SURGE process have led to a reduction in development times of 14 per cent while also reducing the time taken to ramp up to full volume production by 50 per cent.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656719710181376

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